Populism and the new oligarchy

New Left Review

Volumn , Issue 82, 2013, Pages 5-28

  D'Eramo, Marco ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84884258933     PISSN: 00286060     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Monti: La Stampa, 4 April 2013
2. Hollande: La Stampa, 28 March 2013
3. Moscovici: Daily Telegraph, 7 March 2013.
4. The phrase 'swaggering ham actors' appears in Fulvio Tessitore, La Repubblica, 13 March 2013
5. The 'saloon-bar opposition' in The Independent, 20 May 2013.
6. 'Virulent' is a recurrent adjective-for example, in Claudio Tito, La Repubblica, 21 March 2013.
7. On the German FDP and the populist tiger, see Daniele Mastrogiacomo, La Repubblica, 21 April 2013, and for Austrian Social Democracy's non-populist return to its 'roots
8. see Laura Rudas in Der Spiegel, 14 July 2011.
9. For 'digital populism' (Massimo Giannini), see La Repubblica, 9 March 2013.
10. An account of the lse conference (19-21 May 1967) can be found in Isaiah Berlin et al., 'To Define Populism', Government and Opposition, vol. 3, no. 2, April 1968, pp. 137-80.
11. The contributions were collected in Ghita Ionescu and Ernest Gellner, eds, Populism: Its Meanings and National Characteristics, London 1969.
12. See also Margaret Canovan, Populism, London 1981
13. Peter Wiles, 'A Syndrome, Not a Doctrine: Some Elementary Theses on Populism', in Ionescu and Gellner, eds, Populism, pp. 163-79.
14. See Wiles, 'A Syndrome, Not a Doctrine', p. 178
15. Richard Löwenthal, 'The Points of the Compass', Encounter, September 1960, pp. 24-31
16. Torcuato di Tella, cited by Ludovico Incisa in his entry on 'Populismo' in Norberto Bobbio, Nicola Matteucci and Gianfranco Pasquino, Dizionario di politico, Turin 1983, pp. 832-8
17. Ernesto Laclau, On Populist Reason, London 2005
18. Paolo Flores d'Arcais, Il ventennio populista. Da Craxi a Berlusconi (passando per D'Alema?), Rome 2006. On the notion of 'tele-populism
19. see Paul Taggart, Populism, Birmingham 2000, pp. 73-88.
20. Guy Hermet offers a definition of 'ethno-populism' in Les populismes dans le monde. Une histoire sociologique xix-xx siècle, Paris 2001, pp. 117-24.
21. Rafael Quintero, El mito del populismo en Ecuador, Quito 1980
22. Ian Roxborough, 'Unity and Diversity in Latin American History', Journal of Latin American Studies, vol. 16, no. 1, 1984, pp. 1-26.
23. Pierre-André Taguieff, L'illusion populiste, de l'archaïque au médiatique, Paris 2002, p. 80
24. Yves Surel, 'Berlusconi, leader populiste?', in Oliver Ihl, Janine Chene, Eric Vial and Ghislain Wartelot, eds, La tentation populiste au coeur de l'Europe, Paris 2003, pp. 113-29
25. Laclau, On Populist Reason, London and New York 2005, p. 176.
26. Herodotus, The Histories, Book iii, chapter 81, trans. George Rawlinson, London 1997, pp. 265-6.
27. Quoted in laclau, On Populist Reason, pp. 31-2.
28. Jules Michelet, The People, trans. G. H. Smith, New York 1846, p. 27.
29. Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, New Brunswick, NJ 1995, pp. 88, 51, 49.
30. Susanna Barrows, Distorting Mirrors: Visions of the Crowd in Late Nineteenth Century France, New Haven 1981, p. 60
31. quoted in Laclau, On Populist Reason, pp. 34-5.
32. William McDougall, The Group Mind: A Sketch of the Principles of Collective Psychology, With Some Attempt to Apply Them to the Interpretation of National Life and Character (1920), Cambridge 1927, p. 45.
33. Sigmund Freud, 'Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego', in Freud, Civilization, Society and Religion, Harmondsworth 1985, p. 106.
34. See Mariuccia Salvati, 'Populismo, linguaggi, comportamenti: Crisi o trasformazioni della democrazia?', Parolechiave (nuova serie di 'Problemi del socialismo'), June 2010, no. 43, p. 210.
35. Reich's article can be found on www.robertreich.org, 7 October 2011.
36. Roosevelt's speech can be found at millercenter.org/president/speeches/.
37. Michael Paul Rogin demolished this operation in The Intellectuals and McCarthy: The Radical Spectre, Cambridge, ma 1967.
38. Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform, New York 1955, p. 12.
39. Hofstadter, Age of Reform, pp. 4-5, 62
40. Here I follow Norman Pollack, 'Hofstadter on Populism: A Critique of "The Age of Reform"', The Journal of Southern History, vol. 26, no. 4, November 1960, pp. 478-500.
41. Hofstadter, Age of Reform, p. 65.
42. Hofstadter, Age of Reform, p. 78.
43. Quoted in Pollack, 'Hofstadter on Populism', p. 494.
44. See, for example, Victor C. Ferkiss, 'Populist Influences on American Fascism', Western Political Quarterly, vol. 10, no. 2, 1957, pp. 350-73.
45. The 'heterodox' exceptions, albeit numerous, have always been in a minority-to cite but a few names, the already mentioned Michael Paul Rogin, Michael Kazin (The Populist Persuasion, Ithaca, ny 1995)
46. Walter Nugent (The Tolerant Populists, Chicago 1963)
47. Norman Pollack (The Populist Response to Industrial America, Cambridge, ma 1962)
48. C. Vann Woodward (Thinking Back, Baton Rouge 1986)
49. Ernesto Laclau (On Populist Reason) and, above all
50. Christopher Lasch, even though he had been a pupil of Hofstadter (The New Radicalism in America, New York 1965
51. The Agony of the American Left, New York 1966
52. in particular, The True and Only Heaven, New York 1991, in which Lasch seeks to rehabilitate populism).
53. Aristotle, 'The Politics', Book iv, 1292 a1, trans. Jonathan Barnes, in The Politics and The Constitution of Athens, ed. Stephen Everson, Cambridge 1996, p. 99.
54. Giambattista Vico, New Science, Book One, section ii, axiom 95, trans. David Marsh, London 1999, p. 109.
55. For the 'Mazza Report', see the website of the Italian Interior Ministry: www.prefettura.it.
56. Slate, 10 January 1997.
57. Ben Stein, 'In class warfare, guess which class is winning', New York Times, 26 November 2006.
58. Nadia Urbinati, 'Dalla democrazia dei partiti al plebiscite dell'audience', Parolechiave, no. 47, 'Politica e partiti', June 2012, pp. 12-13.
59. Luciano Canfora, Critica della retorica democratica, Rome-Bari 2011, p. 33.
60. Paul Krugman, 'Oligarchy, American style', New York Times, 4 November 2011.
61. 'Occupy Wall Street and the rhetoric of equality', Forbes, 1 November 2011.
62. Cesare Pinelli, 'La sfida populistica allo Stato costituzionale', Parolechiave, no. 43, June 2010, p. 154.
63. The title of an editorial in the New York Times, 11 December 2012.
64. Der Spiegel, 5 August 2012.
65. El Pais, 5 and 13 April 2013, respectively.
66. Piergiorgio Corbetta and Elisabetta Gualmini, Il partito di Grillo, Bologna 2013, pp. 100, 102 and chapter 5, 'Il movimento e la rete', pp. 169-96 (especially the figure on p. 189).
67. A curious hybrid category introduced by Guy Hermet, Les populismes dans le monde, p. 146.
68. Umberto Eco, 'Figlio di etera', in 'L'almanacco del Bibliofilo 2012', entitled La subdola arte di falsifare la storia, ed. Mario Scognamiglio, Milan 2012
69. reprinted with great prominence in La Repubblica, 14 January 2012, under the title 'Pericle il populista'.