Clinical and microbiological effect of linezolid on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in healthcare workers in Egypt

Middle East Journal of Scientific Research

Volumn 15, Issue 10, 2013, Pages 1440-1449

  Sadek, Serag Eldin A ^a   Abdelrahman, Amany T ^b   Abdelkader, Noha G ^c   Abdelrahim, Mohamed E A ^d  

^a Misr University for Science and Technology   (Egypt)

^b AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

^c Misr University for Science and Technology   (Egypt)

^d Beni Suef University   (Egypt)

Author keywords

Colonization; Egypt; Healthcare workers; Linezolid; MRSA

Indexed keywords

EID: 84884234377     PISSN: 19909233     EISSN: 19998147     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.15.10.11588     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Cook, L. and K.F. Cook, 2006. Deadly diseases and epidemics Staphyloccus aureus infection. Chelsea House Publishers, Philadelphia, pp: 27-28.
2. Crossley, K., 2007. Overview of Staphylococcus aureus in medicine in Weigelt JA. MRSA. Informa Healthcare New York, pp: 1-11.
3. Klevens, R.M., M.A. Morrison, J. Nadle, S. Petit, K. Gershman, S. Ray, L.H. Harrison, R. Lynfield, G. Dumyati, J.M. Townes, A.S. Craig, E.R. Zell, G.E. Fosheim, L.K. McDougal, R.B. Carey and S.K. Fridkin, 2007. Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States. JAMA, 298(15): 1763-71.
4. Ippolito, G., S. Leone, F.N. Lauria, E. Nicastri and R.P. Wenzel, 2010. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: the superbug. Int J Infect Dis, 14 (Suppl 4): S7-11.
5. Mulligan, M.E., K.A. Murray-Leisure, B.S. Ribner, H.C. Standiford, J.F. John, J.A. Korvick, C.A. Kauffman and V.L. Yu, 1993. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A consensus review of the microbiology, pathogenesis and epidemiology with implications for prevention and management. Am J Med, 94(3): 313-28.
6. Borg, M.A., M. de Kraker, E. Scicluna, N. van de Sande-Bruinsma, E. Tiemersma, J. Monen and H. Grundmann, 2007. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in invasive isolates from southern and eastern Mediterranean countries JAC, 60(6): 1310-5.
7. Albrich, W.C. and S. Harbarth, 2008. Health-care workers: source, vector, or victim of MRSA. Lancet Infect Dis, 8(5): 289-301.
8. Parras, F., M. Guerrero, E. Bouza, M.J. Blazquez, S. Moreno, M. Menarguez and E. Cercenado, 1995. Comparative Study of Mupirocin and Oral Co-Trimoxazole plus Topical Fusidic Acid in Eradication of Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 39(1): 175-179.
9. Walash, T.J., H.C. Standiford, A.C. Reboli, J.F. John, M.E. Mulligan, B.S. Ribener, J.Z. Montgomerie, M.B. Goetz, C.G. Mayhall, D. Riml and D.A. Stevens, S. Hansen, G.C. Gerad and R.J. Ragual, 1993. Randomized Double-Blinded Trial of Rifampin with Either Novobiocin or Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization: Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance and Effect of Host Factors on Outcome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 37(6): 1334-42.
10. Courvalin, P., 2006. Vancomycin resistance in gram-positive cocci. Clin Infect Dis, 42: 25-S34.
11. Appelbaum, P.C., 2007. Reduced glycopeptide susceptibility in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Int J Antimicrob Agents, 30(5): 398-408.
12. Stalker, D.J., C.P. Wajszczuk and D.H. Batts, 1997. Linezolid safety, tolerance and pharmacokinetics following oral dosing twice daily for 14.5 days. Proceedings of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
13. Welshman, I.R., T.A. Sisson, G.L. Jungbluth, D.J. Stalker and N.K. Hopkins, 2001. Linezolid absolute bioavailability and the effect of food on oral bioavailability. Biopharm Drug Dispos, 22(3): 91-7.
14. Reed, R.L., 2007. Antibiotics for MRSA Infections in Weigelt JA. MRSA. Informa Healthcare New York, pp: 147-165.
15. Livermore, D.M., 2003. Linezolid in vitro: Mechanism and antibacterial spectrum. J. Antimicrob. Chemother, 5 (2): 9-16.
16. Simor, A.E., J. Goodfellow, L. Louie and M. Louie, 2001. Evaluation of a new medium, oxacillin resistance screening agar base, for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol, 39(9): 3422.
17. Brown, D., D. Edwards, M. Hawkey, D. Morrison, G. Ridgway, K. Towner and M.W. Wren, 2005. Guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis and susceptibility testing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). JAC, 56(6): 1000-18.
18. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2009. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
19. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 2009. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters.
20. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2010. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
21. Muder, R.R., M. Boldin, C. Brennen, M. Hsieh, R.M. Vickers and Y.C. Yee, 1994. A controlled trial of rifampicin, minocycline and rifampicin plus minocycline for eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in long-term care patients. J Antimicrob Chemother, 34(1): 189-90.
22. Chang, S.C., S.M. Hsieh, M.L. Chen, W.H. Sheng and Y.C. Chen, 2000. Oral fusidic acid fails to eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureuscolonization and results in emergence of fusidic acid-resistant strains. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 36(2): 131-6.
23. Ridenour, G., R. Lampen, J. Federspiel, S. Kritchevsky, E. Wong and M. Climo, 2007. Selective use of intranasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine bathing and the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection among intensive care unit patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 28(10): 1155-61.
24. Wertheim, H.F., J. Verveer, H.A. Boelens, A.V. Belkum, H.A. Verbrugh and M.C. Vos, 2005. Effect of Mupirocin Treatment on Nasal, Pharyngeal and Perineal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in Healthy Adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 49(4): 1465-7.
25. Hortiwakul, R., P. Chayakul and N. Ingviya, 2004. In Vitro activities of linezolid, vancomycin, fosfomycin and fusidic acid against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Infect Dis Antimicrob Agents, 21: 7-10.
26. Kaleem, F., J. Usman, A. Khalid, A. Hassan and M. Omair, 2011. Comparison of in vitro efficacy of linezolid and vancomycin by determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Pak Med Assoc, 61(4): 356-9.
27. Dixson, S., W. Brumfitt and J.M. Miller, 1985. In vitro activity of combinations of antibiotics against staphylococcus aureus resistant to gentamicin and methicillin. Infection, 13(1): 35-38.
28. Candel, F.J., G. Morales and J.J. Picazo, 2011. In vitro activity of retapamulin against linezolid and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Rev Esp Quimioter, 24(3): 127-30.
29. Allen, K.D., J.J. Anso, L.A. Parsons and N.G. Frost, 1997. Staff carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA 15) and the home environment: a case report. J Hosp Infect, 35(4): 307-11.
30. Kniehl, E., A. Becker and D.H. Forster, 2005. Bed bath and beyond: pitfalls in prompt eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrier status in healthcare workers. J Hosp Infect, 59(3): 180-7.
31. Reboli, A.C., J.F. John, C.G. Platt and J.R. Cantey, 1990. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreak at a Veterans' Affairs Medical Center: importance of carriage of the organism by hospital personnel. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 11(6): 291-6.
32. Ammerlaan, H.S., J.A. Kluytmans, H.F. Wertheim, J.L. Nouwen and M.J. Bonten, 2009. Eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis, 48(7): 922-30.
33. Ammerlaan, H.S., J.A. Kluytmans, H. Berkhout, A. Buiting, E.I. de Brauwer, P.J. van den Broek, P. van Gelderen, S.A. Leenders, A.C. Richter, L. Spanjaard, I.J. Spijkerman, F.H. van, G.P. Voorn, M.W. Wulf, J. van Zeijl, A. Troelstra and M.J. Bonten, 2011. Eradication of carriage with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: determinants of treatment failure. J Antimicrob Chemother, 66 (10): 2418-24.
34. Locksley, R.M., M.L. Cohen, T.C. Quinn, L.S. Tompkins, M.B. Coyle, J.M. Kirihara and G.W. Counts, 1982. Multiply antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: introduction, transmission and evolution of nosocomial infection. Ann Intern Med, 97(3): 317-24.
35. Berthelot, P., F. Grattard, P. Fascia, C. Fichtner, M. Moulin, M.P. Lavocat, G. Teyssier, F. Lucht and B. Pozzetto, 2003. Implication of a healthcare worker with chronic skin disease in the transmission of an epidemic strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a pediatric intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 24(4): 299-300.
36. Stevens, D., D. Herr, H. Lampiris, J.L. Hunt, D.H. Batts and B. Hafkin, 2002. Linezolid versus vancomycin for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Clin Infect Dis, 34(11): 1481-90.
37. Eveillard, M., Y. Martin, N. Hidri, Y. Boussougant and M.L. Joly-Guillou, 2004. Carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among hospital employees: prevalence, duration and transmission to households. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 25(2): 114-20.
38. Tacconelli, E., G. De Angelis, M.A. Cataldo, E. Pozzi and R. Cauda, 2008. Does antibiotic exposure increase the risk of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolation? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother, 61(1): 26-38.
39. Harbarth, S., H. Sax, C. Fankhauser-Rodriguez, J. Schrenzel, A. Agostinho and D. Pittet, 2006. Evaluating the probability of previously unknown carriage of MRSA at hospital admission. Am J Med, 119(3): 275.e15-275.e23.
40. Faibis, F., C. Laporte, A. Fiacre, C. Delisse, G. Lina, M.C. Demachy and F. Botterel, 2005. An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus surgical-site infections initiated by a healthcare worker with chronic sinusitis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 26(2): 213-5.
41. Böcher, S., R.L. Skov, M.A. Knudsen, L. Guardabassi, K. Mølbak, P. Schouenborg, M. Sørum and H. Westh, 2010. The search and destroy strategy prevents spread and long-term carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: results from the follow-up screening of a large ST22 (E-MRSA 15) outbreak in Denmark. Clin Microbiol Infect, 16(9): 1427-34.
42. Hamdan-Partida, A., A. Sainz-Espunes and J. Bustos-Martínez, 2010. Characterization and persistence of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the anterior nares and throats of healthy carriers in a mexican community. J Clin Microbiol, 48(5): 1701-5.