The Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) Life Cycle Has Only Two Chalimus Stages

PLoS ONE

Volumn 8, Issue 9, 2013, Pages

  Hamre, Lars A ^a   Eichner, Christiane ^a   Caipang, Christopher Marlowe A ^b   Dalvin, Sussie T ^a,b   Bron, James E ^c   Nilsen, Frank ^a   Boxshall, Geoff ^d   Skern Mauritzen, Rasmus ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^b INSTITUTE OF MARINE RESEARCH   (Norway)

^c UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING   (United Kingdom)

^d DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL STRUCTURES; ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS; ARTHROPOD LARVA; ARTHROPOD LIFE CYCLE STAGE; ARTICLE; CEPHALOTHORAX LENGTH; CEPHALOTHORAX WIDTH; CHALIMUS STAGE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; LARVAL STAGE; LEPEOPHTHEIRUS SALMONIS; LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT; LIFESPAN; MALE; NONHUMAN; PARASITE CONTROL; SEX DIFFERENCE; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; TOTAL LENGTH;

ANIMALS; COPEPODA; LARVA; LIFE CYCLE STAGES;

EID: 84884178835     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073539     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Costello MJ, (2009) The global economic cost of sea lice to the salmonid farming industry. J Fish Dis 32: 115-118. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.01011.x. PubMed: 19245636.
2. Ohtsuka S, Takami I, Maran BAV, Ogawa K, Shimono T, et al. (2009) Developmental stages and growth of Pseudocaligus fugu Yamaguti, 1936 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae) host-specific to Puffer. J Nat Hist 43: 1779-1804. doi:10.1080/00222930902993757.
3. Madinabeitia I, Nagasawa K, (2011) Chalimus stages of Caligus latigenitalis (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitic on Blackhead Seabream from japanese waters, with discussion of terminology used for developmental stages of Caligids. J Parasitol 97: 221-236. doi:10.1645/GE-2615.1. PubMed: 21506770.
4. Ho J-S, Lin C-L, (2004) Sea lice of Taiwan (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae). Keelung: The Sueichan Press.
5. Kim IH, (1993) Developmental stages of Caligus punctatus Shiino, 1955 (Copepoda: Caligidae). In: Pathogens of Wild and farmed fish: sea lice. West Sussex, UK: Ellis Horwood Limited. pp. pp. 16-29.
6. Piasecki W, (1996) The developmental stages of Caligus elongatus von Nordmann, 1832 (Copepoda: Caligidae). Can J Zool 74: 1459-1478. doi:10.1139/z96-161.
7. Lewis AG, (1963) Life history of the caligid copepod Lepeophtheirus dissimulatus. Pac Sci 17: 195-242.
8. Johnson SC, Albright LJ, (1991) The developmental stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer, 1837) (Copepoda, Caligidae). Can J Zool 69: 929-950. doi:10.1139/z91-138.
9. Boxshall GA, (1974) Developmental stages of Lepeophtheirus pectoralis (Muller, 1776) (Copepoda-Caligidae). J Nat Hist 8: 681-700. doi:10.1080/00222937400770581.
10. Voth DR, (1972) Life history of the caligid copepod Lepeophtheirus hospitalis Fraser, 1920 (Crustacea: Caligioida). Doctoral thesis, Oregon State University.
11. Anstensrud M, (1990) Molting and mating in Lepeophtheirus pectoralis (Copepoda, Caligidae). J Mar Biol Assoc UK 70: 269-281. doi:10.1017/S0025315400035396.
12. Lin CL, Ho JS, Chen SN, (1996) Developmental stages of Caligus epidemicus Hewitt, a copepod parasite of tilapia cultured in brackish water. J Nat Hist 30: 661-684. doi:10.1080/00222939600770371.
13. Izawa K, (1969) Life history of Caligus spinosus Yamaguti, 1939 obtained from cultured yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata T. & S. Rep Fac Fish Prefec Univ Mie6: 127-157.
14. Kabata Z, (1972) Developmental stages of Caligus clemensi (Copepoda-Caligidae). J Fish Res Board Can 29: 1571-1593. doi:10.1139/f72-245.
15. Boxshall GA, Huys R, (1998) The ontogeny and phylogeny of copepod antennules. Philos Trans R Soc London [Biol] 353: 765-786.
16. Venmathi Maran BA, Moon SY, Ohtsuka S, Soh HY, Myoung JG, et al. (2013) The caligid life cycle: new evidence from Lepeophtheirus elegans reconciles the cycles of Caligus and Lepeophtheirus. Parasite 20: 15. doi:10.1051/parasite/2013015. PubMed: 23647664.
17. Hamre LA, Glover KA, Nilsen F, (2009) Establishment and characterisation of salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer 1837)) laboratory strains. Parasitol Int 58: 451-460. doi:10.1016/j.parint.2009.08.009. PubMed: 19732850.
18. Mennerat A, Hamre L, Ebert D, Nilsen F, Dávidová M, et al. (2012) Life history and virulence are linked in the ectoparasitic salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis. J Evolution Biol 25: 856-861. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02474.x. PubMed: 22356541.
19. Schram TA, (1993) Supplementary descriptions of the developmental stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837) (Copepoda: Caligidae). In: Boxshall GA, Defaye D, eds. Pathogens of wild and farmed fish: sea lice. New York: Ellis Horwood. pp. pp. 30-47.
20. Liddy GC, Phillips BF, Maguire GB, (2003) Survival and growth of instar 1 phyllosoma of the western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus, starved before or after periods of feeding. Aquacult Int 11: 53-67. doi:10.1023/A:1024100110378.
21. Bjorn PA, Finstad B, Kristoffersen R, (2001) Salmon lice infection of wild sea trout and arctic char in marine and freshwaters: the effects of salmon farms. Aquacult Res 32: 947-962. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2001.00627.x.
22. Krkosek M, Lewis MA, Volpe JP, (2005) Transmission dynamics of parasitic sea lice from farm to wild salmon. Proc Biol Sci 272: 689-696. doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.3027. PubMed: 15870031.
23. Lees F, Baillie M, Gettinby G, Revie CW, (2008) The efficacy of emamectin benzoate against infestations of Lepeophtheirus salmonis on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) in Scotland, 2002-2006. PLOS ONE 3: e1549. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001549. PubMed: 18253496.
24. Skern-Mauritzen R, Frost P, Dalvin S, Kvamme BO, Sommerset I, et al. (2009) A trypsin-like protease with apparent dual function in early Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer) development. BMC Mol Biol 10.
25. Glover KA, Stolen AB, Messmer A, Koop BF, Torrissen O, et al. (2011) Population genetic structure of the parasitic copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis throughout the Atlantic. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 427: 161-172. doi:10.3354/meps09045.
26. Dalvin S, Frost P, Loeffen P, Skern-Mauritzen R, Baban J, et al. (2011) Characterisation of two vitellogenins in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis: molecular, functional and evolutional analysis. Dis Aquat Org 94: 211-224. doi:10.3354/dao02331. PubMed: 21790068.
27. Price MH, Proboszcz SL, Routledge RD, Gottesfeld AS, Orr C, et al. (2011) Sea louse infection of juvenile sockeye salmon in relation to marine salmon farms on Canada's west coast. PLOS ONE 6: e16851. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016851. PubMed: 21347456.
28. Johnson SC, Albright LJ, (1991) Development, Growth, and Survival of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda, Caligidae) under Laboratory Conditions. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 71: 425-436. doi:10.1017/S0025315400051687.
29. Eichner C, Frost P, Dysvik B, Jonassen I, Kristiansen B, et al. (2008) Salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) transcriptomes during post molting maturation and egg production, revealed using EST-sequencing and microarray analysis. BMC Genomics 9: 126. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-126. PubMed: 18331648.
30. Tucker CS, Norman R, Shinn AP, Bron JE, Sommerville C, et al. (2002) A single cohort time delay model of the life-cycle of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis on Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Fish Pathol 37: 107-118. doi:10.3147/jsfp.37.107.