Animal Models for Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis, Two-Volume Set

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 985-1009

  Iwaniec, Urszula T ^a   Turner, Russell T ^a  

^a OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84884054821     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012370544-0.50041-0     Document Type: Chapter

References (190)

1. Ferrari S.L., Rizzoli R. Gene variants for osteoporosis and their pleiotropic effects in aging. Mol Aspects Med 2005, 26(3):145-167.
2. Raisz L.G. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis: Concepts, conflicts and prospects. J Clin Invest 2005, 115(12):3318-3325.
3. Shen H., Liu Y., Liu P., Recker R.R., Deng H.W. Nonreplication in genetic studies of complex diseases-Lessons learned from studies of osteoporosis and tentative remedies. J Bone Miner Res 2005, 20(3):365-376.
4. Sogaard C.H., Mosekilde L., Schwartz W., Leidig G., Minne H.W., Ziegler R. Effects of fluoride on rat vertebral body biomechanical competence and bone mass. Bone 1995, 16(1):163-169.
5. Turner R.T., Wakley G.K., Hannon K.S., Bell N.H. Tamoxifen prevents the skeletal effects of ovarian hormone deficiency in rats. J Bone Miner Res 1987, 2(5):449-456.
6. Faibish D., Ott S.M., Boskey A.L. Mineral changes in osteoporosis: A review. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006, 443:28-38.
7. Lane N.E. Epidemiology, etiology diagnosis of osteoporosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006, 194(2 Suppl):S3-S11.
8. Turner A.S. The sheep as a model for osteoporosis in humans. Vet J 2002, 163(3):232-239.
9. Baron R., Tross R., Vignery A. Evidence of sequential remodeling in rat trabecular bone: Morphology, dynamic histomorphometry changes during skeletal maturation. Anat Rec 1984, 208(1):137-145.
10. Erben R.G. Trabecular and endocortical bone surfaces in the rat: Modeling or remodeling?. Anat Rec 1996, 246(1):39-46.
11. Allen M.R., Hock J.M., Burr D.B. Periosteum: Biology, regulation response to osteoporosis therapies. Bone 2004, 35(5):1003-1012.
12. Seeman E. Periosteal bone formation-A neglected determinant of bone strength. N Engl J Med 2003, 349(4):320-323.
13. Turner R.T., Spelsberg T.C. Correlation between mRNA levels for bone cell proteins and bone formation in long bones of maturing rats. Am J Physiol 1991, 261(3 Pt 1):E348-E353.
14. Joss E.E., Sobel E.H., Zuppinger K.A. Skeletal maturation in rats with special reference to order and time of epiphyseal closure. Endocrinology 1963, 72:117-122.
15. Martin E.A., Ritman E.L., Turner R.T. Time course of epiphyseal growth plate fusion in rat tibiae. Bone 2003, 32(3):261-267.
16. Abdelhadi M., Nordenstrom J. Bone mineral recovery after parathyroidectomy in patients with primary and renal hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998, 83(11):3845-3851.
17. Lotinun S., Evans G.L., Bronk J.T., Bolander M.E., Wronski T.J., Ritman E.L., Turner R.T. Continuous parathyroid hormone induces cortical porosity in the rat: Effects on bone turnover and mechanical properties. J Bone Miner Res 2004, 19(7):1165-1171.
18. Yingling V.R., Khaneja A. Short-term delay of puberty causes a transient reduction in bone strength in growing female rats. Bone 2006, 38(1):67-73.
19. Sengupta S., Arshad M., Sharma S., Dubey M., Singh M.M. Attainment of peak bone mass and bone turnover rate in relation to estrous cycle pregnancy and lactation in colony-bred Sprague-Dawley rats: Suitability for studies on pathophysiology of bone and therapeutic measures for its management. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2005, 94(5):421-429.
20. Miller S.C., Bowman B.M. Rapid improvements in cortical bone dynamics and structure after lactation in established breeder rats. Anat Rec, A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 2004, 276(2):143-149.
21. Iida H., Fukuda S. Age-related changes in bone mineral density cross-sectional area and strength at different skeletal sites in male rats. J Vet Med Sci 2002, 64(1):29-34.
22. Zhang X.Z., Kalu D.N., Erbas B., Hopper J.L., Seeman E. The effects of gonadectomy on bone size, mass, volumetric density in growing rats are gender-, site-growth hormone-specific. J Bone Miner Res 1999, 14(5):802-809.
23. Turner R.T., Hannon K.S., Demers L.M., Buchanan J., Bell N.H. Differential effects of gonadal function on bone histomorphometry in male and female rats. J Bone Miner Res 1989, 4(4):557-563.
24. Rol de Lama M.A., Perez-Romero A., Hermanussen M., Ariznavarreta C., Tresguerres J.A. Sexual dimorphism in growth as measured by microknemometry: Different responses to GH deficiency and exogenous GH administration. Neuroendocrinology 1998, 68(3):210-219.
25. Hefferan T.E., Evans G.L., Lotinun S., Zhang M., Morey-Holton E., Turner R.T. Effect of gender on bone turnover in adult rats during simulated weightlessness. J Appl Physiol 2003, 95(5):1775-1780.
26. Turner R.T., Maran A., Lotinun S., Hefferan T., Evans G.L., Zhang M., Sibonga J.D. Animal models for osteoporosis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2001, 2(1):117-127.
27. Yeh J.K., Liu C.C., Aloia J.F. Effects of exercise and immobilization on bone formation and resorption in young rats. Am J Physiol 1993, 264(2 Pt 1):E182-E189.
28. Ohlsson C., Bengtsson B.A., Isaksson O.G., Andreassen T.T., Slootweg M.C. Growth hormone and bone. Endocr Rev 1998, 19(1):55-79.
29. Johansson A.G., Engstrom B.E., Ljunghall S., Karlsson F.A., Burman P. Gender differences in the effects of long term growth hormone (GH) treatment on bone in adults with GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999, 84(6):2002-2007.
30. Jansson J.O., Eden S., Isaksson O. Sites of action of testosterone and estradiol on longitudinal bone growth. Am J Physiol 1983, 244(2):E135-E140.
31. Isaksson O.G., Jansson J.O., Gause I.A. Growth hormone stimulates longitudinal bone growth directly. Science 1982, 216(4551):1237-1239.
32. Soejima K., Landing B.H. Osteoporosis in juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus: Morphometric and comparative studies. Pediatr Pathol 1986, 6(2-3):289-299.
33. Skowronska-Jozwiak E., Lorenc R.S. Metabolic bone disease in children: Etiology and treatment options. Treat Endocrinol 2006, 5(5):297-318.
34. Mahachoklertwattana P., Pootrakul P., Chuansumrit A., Choubtum L., Sriphrapradang A., Sirisriro R., Rajatanavin R. Association between bone mineral density and erythropoiesis in Thai children and adolescents with thalassemia syndromes. J Bone Miner Metab 2006, 24(2):146-152.
35. Lorenc R.S. Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2002, 70(5):395-397.
36. Galusca B., Bossu C., Germain N., Kadem M., Frere D., Lafage-Proust M.H., Lang F., Estour B. Age-related differences in hormonal and nutritional impact on lean anorexia nervosa bone turnover uncoupling. Osteoporos Int 2006, 17(6):888-896.
37. Adams R.J., Wilson D.H., Taylor A.W., Daly A., Tursan d'Espaignet E., Dal Grande E., Ruffin R.E. Coexistent chronic conditions and asthma quality of life: A populationbased study. Chest 2006, 129(2):285-291.
38. Brown J.J., Zacharin M.R. Attempted randomized controlled trial of pamidronate versus calcium and calcitriol supplements for management of steroid-induced osteoporosis in children and adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health 2005, 41(11):580-582.
39. Xian C.J., Howarth G.S., Cool J.C., Foster B.K. Effects of acute 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy and insulin-like growth factor-I pretreatment on growth plate cartilage and metaphyseal bone in rats. Bone 2004, 35(3):739-749.
40. Wada C., Kataoka M., Seto H., Hayashi N., Kido J., Shinohara Y., Nagata T. High-turnover osteoporosis is induced by cyclosporin A in rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2006, 24(3):199-205.
41. Cegiela U., Sliwinski L., Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I., Folwarczna J. In vivo effects of high-dose methotrexate on bone remodeling in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2005, 57(4):504-514.
42. Brzoska M.M., Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J. Low-level lifetime exposure to cadmium decreases skeletal mineralization and enhances bone loss in aged rats. Bone 2004, 35(5):1180-1191.
43. Turner R.T., Evans G.L., Wakley G.K. Mechanism of action of estrogen on cancellous bone balance in tibiae of ovariectomized growing rats: Inhibition of indices of formation and resorption. J Bone Miner Res 1993, 8(3):359-366.
44. Pazzaglia U.E., Andrini L., Leutner M., DiNucci A. The effects of bone resorption inhibitors on the growth plate and proximal tibial metaphysis of rats: Clinical implications. Orthopedics 1998, 21(2):195-199.
45. Pataki A., Muller K., Green J.R., Ma Y.F., Li Q.N., Jee W.S. Effects of short-term treatment with the bisphosphonates zoledronate and pamidronate on rat bone: A comparative histomorphometric study on the cancellous bone formed before, during after treatment. Anat Rec 1997, 249(4):458-468.
46. Capparelli C., Morony S., Warmington K., Adamu S., Lacey D., Dunstan C.R., Stouch B., Martin S., Kostenuik P.J. Sustained antiresorptive effects after a single treatment with human recombinant osteoprotegerin (OPG) a pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic analysis in rats. J Bone Miner Res 2003, 18(5):852-858.
47. Wronski T.J., Lowry P.L., Walsh C.C., Ignaszewski L.A. Skeletal alterations in ovariectomized rats. Calcif Tissue Int 1985, 37(3):324-328.
48. Turner R.T., Riggs B.L., Spelsberg T.C. Skeletal effects of estrogen. Endocr Rev 1994, 15(3):275-300.
49. Gallagher A., Chambers T.J., Tobias J.H. The estrogen antagonist ICI 182,780 reduces cancellous bone volume in female rats. Endocrinology 1993, 133(6):2787-2791.
50. Goulding A., Gold E. A new way to induce oestrogendeficiency osteopaenia in the rat: Comparison of the effects of surgical ovariectomy and administration of the LHRH agonist buserelin on bone resorption and composition. J Endocrinol 1989, 121(2):293-298.
51. Wronski T.J., Yen C.F., Qi H., Dann L.M. Parathyroid hormone is more effective than estrogen or bisphosphonates for restoration of lost bone mass in ovariectomized rats. Endocrinology 1993, 132(2):823-831.
52. Tam C.S., Heersche J.N., Murray T.M., Parsons J.A. Parathyroid hormone stimulates the bone apposition rate independently of its resorptive action: Differential effects of intermittent and continuous administration. Endocrinology 1982, 110(2):506-512.
53. Meng X.W., Liang X.G., Birchman R., Wu D.D., Dempster D.W., Lindsay R., Shen V. Temporal expression of the anabolic action of PTH in cancellous bone of ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Res 1996, 11(4):421-429.
54. Hock J.M., Gera I. Effects of continuous and intermittent administration and inhibition of resorption on the anabolic response of bone to parathyroid hormone. J Bone Miner Res 1992, 7(1):65-72.
55. Dobnig H., Turner R.T. The effects of programmed administration of human parathyroid hormone fragment (1- 34) on bone histomorphometry and serum chemistry in rats. Endocrinology 1997, 138(11):4607-4612.
56. Turner R.T., Evans G.L., Wakley G.K. Reduced chondroclast differentiation results in increased cancellous bone volume in estrogen-treated growing rats. Endocrinology 1994, 134(1):461-466.
57. Dobnig H., Turner R.T. Evidence that intermittent treatment with parathyroid hormone increases bone formation in adult rats by activation of bone lining cells. Endocrinology 1995, 136(8):3632-3638.
58. Miller S.C., Shupe J.G., Redd E.H., Miller M.A., Omura T.H. Changes in bone mineral and bone formation rates during pregnancy and lactation in rats. Bone 1986, 7(4):283-287.
59. Amin S. Male osteoporosis: Epidemiology and pathophysiology. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2003, 1(2):71-77.
60. Li X.J., Jee W.S., Chow S.Y., Woodbury D.M. Adaptation of cancellous bone to aging and immobilization in the rat: A single photon absorptiometry and histomorphometry study. Anat Rec 1990, 227(1):12-24.
61. Morey E.R., Baylink D.J. Inhibition of bone formation during space flight. Science 1978, 201(4361):1138-1141.
62. Thompson D.D., Rodan G.A. Indomethacin inhibition of tenotomy-induced bone resorption in rats. J Bone Miner Res 1988, 3(4):409-414.
63. Turner R.T., Aloia R.C., Segel L.D., Hannon K.S., Bell N.H. Chronic alcohol treatment results in disturbed vitamin D metabolism and skeletal abnormalities in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1988, 12(1):159-162.
64. Turner R.T., Bell N.H. The effects of immobilization on bone histomorphometry in rats. J Bone Miner Res 1986, 1(5):399-407.
65. Mosekilde L. Age-related changes in bone mass, structure and strength-Effects of loading. Z Rheumatol 2000, 59(Suppl 1):1-9.
66. Westerlind K.C., Wronski T.J., Ritman E.L., Luo Z.P., An K.N., Bell N.H., Turner R.T. Estrogen regulates the rate of bone turnover but bone balance in ovariectomized rats is modulated by prevailing mechanical strain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997, 94(8):4199-4204.
67. Peng Z., Tuukkanen J., Vaananen H.K. Exercise can provide protection against bone loss and prevent the decrease in mechanical strength of femoral neck in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Res 1994, 9(10):1559-1564.
68. Mo A., Yao W., Li C., Tian X., Su M., Ling Y., Zhang Q., Setterberg R.B., Jee W.S. Bipedal stance exercise and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its synergistic effect in increasing bone mass and in lowering the PGE2 dose required to prevent ovariectomized-induced cancellous bone loss in aged rats. Bone 2002, 31(3):402-406.
69. Iwamoto J., Takeda T., Sato Y. Effect of treadmill exercise on bone mass in female rats. Exp Anim 2005, 54(1):1-6.
70. Turner R.T., Lotinun S., Hefferan T.E., Morey-Holton E. Disuse in adult male rats attenuates the bone anabolic response to a therapeutic dose of parathyroid hormone. J Appl Physiol 2006, 101(3):881-886.
71. Turner R.T. Skeletal response to alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2000, 24(11):1693-1701.
72. Sampson H.W., Perks N., Champney T.H., DeFee B. Alcohol consumption inhibits bone growth and development in young actively growing rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996, 20(8):1375-1384.
73. Turner R.T., Kidder L.S., Kennedy A., Evans G.L., Sibonga J.D. Moderate alcohol consumption suppresses bone turnover in adult female rats. J Bone Miner Res 2001, 16(3):589-594.
74. Sampson H.W., Gallager S., Lange J., Chondra W., Hogan H.A. Binge drinking and bone metabolism in a young actively growing rat model. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999, 23(7):1228-1231.
75. Callaci J.J., Juknelis D., Patwardhan A., Wezeman F.H. Binge alcohol treatment increases vertebral bone loss following ovariectomy: Compensation by intermittent parathyroid hormone. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006, 30(4):665-672.
76. Sibonga J.D., Iwaniec U.T., Shogren K.L., Rosen C.J., Turner R.T. Effects of parathyroid hormone (1-34) on tibia in an adult rat model for chronic alcohol abuse. Bone 2007, 41:175-180.
77. Williams F.M., Cherkas L.F., Spector T.D., MacGregor A.J. The effect of moderate alcohol consumption on bone mineral density: A study of female twins. Ann Rheum Dis 2005, 64(2):309-310.
78. Rapuri P.B., Gallagher J.C., Balhorn K.E., Ryschon K.L. Alcohol intake and bone metabolism in elderly women. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 72(5):1206-1213.
79. Cawthon P.M., Harrison S.L., Barrett-Connor E., Fink H.A., Cauley J.A., Lewis C.E., Orwoll E.S., Cummings S.R. Alcohol intake and its relationship with bone mineral density, falls fracture risk in older men. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006, 54(11):1649-1657.
80. Sampson H.W., Shipley D. Moderate alcohol consumption does not augment bone density in ovariectomized rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997, 21(7):1165-1168.
81. Wang L., Banu J., McMahan C.A., Kalu D.N. Male rodent model of age-related bone loss in men. Bone 2001, 29(2):141-148.
82. Wronski T.J., Dann L.M., Scott K.S., Cintron M. Longterm effects of ovariectomy and aging on the rat skeleton. Calcif Tissue Int 1989, 45(6):360-366.
83. Sibonga J.D., Zhang M., Ritman E.L., Turner R.T. Restoration of bone mass in the severely osteopenic senescent rat. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000, 55(2):B71-B78. discussion B79-84.
84. Fitzpatrick L.A. Secondary causes of osteoporosis. Mayo Clin Proc 2002, 77(5):453-468.
85. Hertoghe T. The multiple hormone deficiency theory of aging: Is human senescence caused mainly by multiple hormone deficiencies?. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005, 1057:448-465.
86. King C.S., Weir E.C., Gundberg C.W., Fox J., Insogna K.L. Effects of continuous glucocorticoid infusion on bone metabolism in the rat. Calcif Tissue Int 1996, 59(3):184-191.
87. Shen V., Birchman R., Liang X.G., Wu D.D., Lindsay R., Dempster D.W. Prednisolone alone, or in combination with estrogen or dietary calcium deficiency or immobilization inhibits bone formation but does not induce bone loss in mature rats. Bone 1997, 21(4):345-351.
88. Jowell P.S., Epstein S., Fallon M.D., Reinhardt T.A., Ismail F. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates glucocorticoid-induced alteration in serum bone Gla protein and bone histomorphometry. Endocrinology 1987, 120(2):531-536.
89. Liao J.M., Zhu Q.A., Lu H.J., Li Q.N., Wu T., Huang L.F. Effects of total coumarins of Cnidium monnieri on bone density and biomechanics of glucocorticoids-induced osteoporosis in rats. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1997, 18(6):519-521.
90. Nitta T., Fukushima T., Nakamuta H., Koida M. Glucocorticoid-induced secondary osteopenia in female rats: A time course study as compared with ovariectomyinduced osteopenia and response to salmon calcitonin. Jpn J Pharmacol 1999, 79(3):379-386.
91. Clowes J.A., Riggs B.L., Khosla S. The role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Immunol Rev 2005, 208:207-227.
92. Tamler R., Epstein S. Nonsteroid immune modulators and bone disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006, 1068:284-296.
93. Desimone D.P., Greene V.S., Hannon K.S., Turner R.T., Bell N.H. Prostaglandin E2 administered by subcutaneous pellets causes local inflammation and systemic bone loss: A model for inflammation-induced bone disease. J Bone Miner Res 1993, 8(5):625-634.
94. Hanyu T., Chotanaphuti T., Arai K., Tanaka T., Takahashi H.E. Histomorphometric assessment of bone changes in rats with type II collagen-induced arthritis. Bone 1999, 24(5):485-490.
95. Smith B.J., Lerner M.R., Bu S.Y., Lucas E.A., Hanas J.S., Lightfoot S.A., Postier R.G., Bronze M.S., Brackett D.J. Systemic bone loss and induction of coronary vessel disease in a rat model of chronic inflammation. Bone 2006, 38(3):378-386.
96. Khosla S., Melton L.J., Wermers R.A., Crowson C.S., O'Fallon W., Riggs B. Primary hyperparathyroidism and the risk of fracture: A population-based study. J Bone Miner Res 1999, 14(10):1700-1707.
97. Eriksen E.F. Primary hyperparathyroidism: Lessons from bone histomorphometry. J Bone Miner Res 2002, 17(Suppl 2):N95-N97.
98. Miller P.D. Treatment of osteoporosis in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2005, 3(1):5-12.
99. Elder G. Pathophysiology and recent advances in the management of renal osteodystrophy. J Bone Miner Res 2002, 17(12):2094-2105.
100. Zhang Y., Lai W.P., Wu C.F., Favus M.J., Leung P.C., Wong M.S. Ovariectomy worsens secondary hyperparathyroidism in mature rats during low Ca diet. Am J Physiol, Endocrinol Metab 2007, 292:E723-E731.
101. Miller M.A., Chin J., Miller S.C., Fox J. Disparate effects of mild, moderate and severe secondary hyperparathyroidism on cancellous and cortical bone in rats with chronic renal insufficiency. Bone 1998, 23(3):257-266.
102. Tamagaki K., Yuan Q., Ohkawa H., Imazeki I., Moriguchi Y., Imai N., Sasaki S., Takeda K., Fukagawa M. Severe hyperparathyroidism with bone abnormalities and metastatic calcification in rats with adenine-induced uraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006, 21(3):651-659.
103. Hock J.M., Fonneca J., Gunness-Hey M., Kemp B.E., Martin T.J. Comparison of the anabolic effects of synthetic parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) 1-34 and PTH 1-34 on bone in rats. Endocrinology 1989, 125:2022-2027.
104. Liu C.C., Kalu D.N. Human parathyroid hormone-(1-34) prevents bone loss and augments bone formation in sexually mature ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Res 1990, 5:973-982.
105. Shen V., Birchman R., Xu R., Otter M., Wu D., Lindsay R., Dempster D.W. Effects of reciprocal treatment with estrogen and estrogen plus parathyroid hormone on bone structure and strength in ovariectomized rats. J Clin Invest 1995, 96:2331-2338.
106. Rosen C.J. What's new with PTH in osteoporosis: where are we and where are we headed?. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2004, 15:229-233.
107. Harper K.D., Krege J.H., Marcus R., Mitlak B.H. Osteosarcoma and teriparatide? J Bone Miner Res 2007, 22:334.
108. Vahle J.L., Sato M., Long G.G., Young J.K., Francis P.C., Engelhardt J.A., Westmore M.S., Linda Y., Nold J.B. Skeletal changes in rats given daily subcutaneous injections of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34) for 2 years and relevance to human safety. Toxicol Pathol 2002, 30:312-321.
109. Turner R.T., Evans G.L., Lotinun S., Lapke P.D., Iwaniec U.T., Morey-Holton E. Dose-response effects of intermittent PTH on cancellous bone in hindlimb unloaded rats. J Bone Miner Res 2007, 22:64-71.
110. Adkins R.M., Gelke E.L., Rowe D., Honeycutt R.L. Molecular phylogeny and divergence time estimates for major rodent groups: Evidence from multiple genes. Mol Biol Evol 2001, 18(5):777-791.
111. Springer M.S., Murphy W.J., Eizirik E., O'Brien S.J. Placental mammal diversification and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003, 100(3):1056-1061.
112. Beamer W.G., Donahue L.R., Rosen C.J., Baylink D.J. Genetic variability in adult bone density among inbred strains of mice. Bone 1996, 18(5):397-403.
113. Forlino A., Piazza R., Tiveron C., Della Torre S., Tatangelo L., Bonafe L., Gualeni B., Romano A., Pecora F., Superti-Furga A., Cetta G., Rossi A. A diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter (SLC26A2) mutant mouse: Morphological and biochemical characterization of the resulting chondrodysplasia phenotype. Hum Mol Genet 2005, 14(6):859-871.
114. Gong Y., Slee R.B., Fukai N., Rawadi G., Roman-Roman S., Reginato A.M., Wang H., Cundy T., Glorieux F.H., Lev D., Zacharin M., Oexle K., Marcelino J., Suwairi W., Heeger S., Sabatakos G., Apte S., Adkins W.N., Allgrove J., Arslan-Kirchner M., Batch J.A., Beighton P., Black G.C., Boles R.G., Boon L.M., Borrone C., Brunner H.G., Carle G.F., Dallapiccola B., De Paepe A., Floege B., Halfhide M.L., Hall B., Hennekam R.C., Hirose T., Jans A., Juppner H., Kim C.A., Keppler-Noreuil K., Kohlschuetter A., LaCombe D., Lambert M., Lemyre E., Letteboer T., Peltonen L., Ramesar R.S., Romanengo M., Somer H., Steichen-Gersdorf E., Steinmann B., Sullivan B., Superti-Furga A., Swoboda W., van den Boogaard M.J., Van Hul W., Vikkula M., Votruba M., Zabel B., Garcia T., Baron R., Olsen B.R., Warman M.L. LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) affects bone accrual and eye development. Cell, 2001, 107(4):513-523.
115. Kuivaniemi H., Tromp G., Prockop D.J. Mutations in collagen genes: Causes of rare and some common diseases in humans. FASEB J 1991, 5(7):2052-2060.
116. Lazner F., Gowen M., Pavasovic D., Kola I. Osteopetrosis and osteoporosis: Two sides of the same coin. Hum Mol Genet 1999, 8(10):1839-1846.
117. Clark S., Rowe D.W. Transgenic animals. Principles of Bone Biology 1996, Academic Press, San Diego. J.P. Bilezikian (Ed.).
118. Modder U.I., Sanyal A., Kearns A.E., Sibonga J.D., Nishihara E., Xu J., O'Malley B.W., Ritman E.L., Riggs B.L., Spelsberg T.C., Khosla S. Effects of loss of steroid receptor coactivator-1 on the skeletal response to estrogen in mice. Endocrinology 2004, 145(2):913-921.
119. Sims N.A., Clement-Lacroix P., Minet D., Fraslon-Vanhulle C., Gaillard-Kelly M., Resche-Rigon M., Baron R. A functional androgen receptor is not sufficient to allow estradiol to protect bone after gonadectomy in estradiol receptordeficient mice. J Clin Invest 2003, 111(9):1319-1327.
120. Usui M., Yoshida Y., Tsuji K., Oikawa K., Miyazono K., Ishikawa I., Yamamoto T., Nifuji A., Noda M. Tob deficiency superenhances osteoblastic activity after ovariectomy to block estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101(17):6653-6658.
121. Yoshitake H., Rittling S.R., Denhardt D.T., Noda M. Osteopontin-deficient mice are resistant to ovariectomyinduced bone resorption. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999, 96(14):8156-8160.
122. Bouxsein M.L., Myers K.S., Shultz K.L., Donahue L.R., Rosen C.J., Beamer W.G. Ovariectomy-induced bone loss varies among inbred strains of mice. J Bone Miner Res 2005, 20(7):1085-1092.
123. Iwaniec U.T., Yuan D., Power R.A., Wronski T.J. Straindependent variations in the response of cancellous bone to ovariectomy in mice. J Bone Miner Res 2006, 21(7):1068-1074.
124. Li C.Y., Schaffler M.B., Wolde-Semait H.T., Hernandez C.J., Jepsen K.J. Genetic background influences cortical bone response to ovariectomy. J Bone Miner Res 2005, 20(12):2150-2158.
125. Turner R.T. Mice, estrogen and postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1999, 14(2):187-191.
126. Crandall T.L., Joyce R.A., Boggs D.R. Estrogens and hematopoiesis: Characterization and studies on the mechanism of neutropenia. J Lab Clin Med 1980, 95(6):857-867.
127. Iwaniec U.T., Wronski T.J., Amblard D., Nishimura Y., van der Meulen M.C., Wade C.E., Bourgeois M.A., Damsky C.D., Globus R.K. Effects of disrupted beta1-integrin function on the skeletal response to short-term hindlimb unloading in mice. J Appl Physiol 2005, 98(2):690-696.
128. Sakai A., Mori T., Sakuma-Zenke M., Takeda T., Nakai K., Katae Y., Hirasawa H., Nakamura T. Osteoclast development in immobilized bone is suppressed by parathyroidectomy in mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2005, 23(1):8-14.
129. Sawakami K., Robling A.G., Ai M., Pitner N.D., Liu D., Warden S.J., Li J., Maye P., Rowe D.W., Duncan R.L., Warman M.L., Turner C.H. The Wnt co-receptor LRP5 is essential for skeletal mechanotransduction but not for the anabolic bone response to parathyroid hormone treatment. J Biol Chem 2006, 281(33):23698-23711.
130. Hamrick M.W., Ding K.H., Pennington C., Chao Y.J., Wu Y.D., Howard B., Immel D., Borlongan C., McNeil P.L., Bollag W.B., Curl W.W., Yu J., Isales C.M. Age-related loss of muscle mass and bone strength in mice is associated with a decline in physical activity and serum leptin. Bone 2006, 39:845-853.
131. Silva M.J., Brodt M.D., Uthgenannt B.A. Morphological and mechanical properties of caudal vertebrae in the SAMP6 mouse model of senile osteoporosis. Bone 2004, 35(2):425-431.
132. Weinstein R.S., Chen J.R., Powers C.C., Stewart S.A., Landes R.D., Bellido T., Jilka R.L., Parfitt A.M., Manolagas S.C. Promotion of osteoclast survival and antagonism of bisphosphonate-induced osteoclast apoptosis by glucocorticoids. J Clin Invest 2002, 109(8):1041-1048.
133. Weinstein R.S., Jia D., Powers C.C., Stewart S.A., Jilka R.L., Parfitt A.M., Manolagas S.C. The skeletal effects of glucocorticoid excess override those of orchidectomy in mice. Endocrinology 2004, 145(4):1980-1987.
134. McLaughlin F., Mackintosh J., Hayes B.P., McLaren A., Uings I.J., Salmon P., Humphreys J., Meldrum E., Farrow S.N. Glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia in the mouse as assessed by histomorphometry, microcomputed tomography and biochemical markers. Bone 2002, 30(6):924-930.
135. Rooman R., Koster G., Bloemen R., Gresnigt R., van Buul-Offers S.C. The effect of dexamethasone on body and organ growth of normal and IGF-II-transgenic mice. J Endocrinol 1999, 163(3):543-552.
136. Ferrari S.L., Pierroz D.D., Glatt V., Goddard D.S., Bianchi E.N., Lin F.T., Manen D., Bouxsein M.L. Bone response to intermittent parathyroid hormone is altered in mice null for {beta}-Arrestin2. Endocrinology 2005, 146(4):1854-1862.
137. Iida-Klein A., Lu S.S., Kapadia R., Burkhart M., Moreno A., Dempster D.W., Lindsay R. Short-term continuous infusion of human parathyroid hormone 1-34 fragment is catabolic with decreased trabecular connectivity density accompanied by hypercalcemia in C57BL/J6 mice. J Endocrinol 2005, 186(3):549-557.
138. Tanaka S., Sakai A., Tanaka M., Otomo H., Okimoto N., Sakata T., Nakamura T. Skeletal unloading alleviates the anabolic action of intermittent PTH(1-34) in mouse tibia in association with inhibition of PTH-induced increase in c-fos mRNA in bone marrow cells. J Bone Miner Res 2004, 19(11):1813-1820.
139. Iwaniec U.T., Wronski T.J., Liu J., Rivera M.F., Arzaga R.R., Hansen G., Brommage R. Parathyroid hormone stimulates bone formation in mice deficient in LRP5. J Bone Miner Res 2006, 22:394-402.
140. Lotinun S., Evans G., Zhang M., Turner R.T. Induction of peritrabecular fibrosis following continuous infusion of PTH in mice requires mature mast cells. J Bone Miner Res 2006, 21(Suppl 1):S315.
141. Blair H.C., Dong S.S., Julian B.A. Expression of stem cell factor by osteoblasts in normal and hyperparathyroid bone: Relation to ectopic mast cell differentiation. Virchows Arch 1999, 435(1):50-57.
142. Lotinun S., Sibonga J.D., Turner R.T. Triazolopyrimidine (Trapidil), a platelet-derived growth factor antagonist inhibits parathyroid bone disease in an animal model for chronic hyperparathyroidism. Endocrinology 2003, 144(5):2000-2007.
143. Moyen B.J., Lahey P.J., Weinberg E.H., Harris W.H. Effects on intact femora of dogs of the application and removal of metal plates. A metabolic and structural study comparing stiffer and more flexible plates. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1978, 60(7):940-947.
144. Kimmell D.B. Animal models for in vivo experimentation in osteoporosis research. Osteoporosis 1996, Academic Press, San Diego. R. Marcus, D. Feldman, J. Kelsey (Eds.).
145. Geddes A.D. Animal models of bone disuse. Principles of Bone Biology 1996, 671-690. Academic Press, San Diego. J.P. Bilezikian, L.G. Raisz, G.A. Rodan (Eds.).
146. Pope N.S., Gould K.G., Anderson D.C., Mann D.R. Effects of age and sex on bone density in the rhesus monkey. Bone 1989, 10(2):109-112.
147. Young D.R., Niklowitz W.J., Brown R.J., Jee W.S. Immobilization-associated osteoporosis in primates. Bone 1986, 7(2):109-117.
148. Binkley N., Kimmel D., Bruner J., Haffa A., Davidowitz B., Meng C., Schaffer V., Green J. Zoledronate prevents the development of absolute osteopenia following ovariectomy in adult rhesus monkeys. J Bone Miner Res 1998, 13(11):1775-1782.
149. Leeming D.J., Alexandersen P., Karsdal M.A., Qvist P., Schaller S., Tanko L.B. An update on biomarkers of bone turnover and their utility in biomedical research and clinical practice. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2006, 62(10):781-792.
150. Lane N.E., Haupt D., Kimmel D.B., Modin G., Kinney J.H. Early estrogen replacement therapy reverses the rapid loss of trabecular bone volume and prevents further deterioration of connectivity in the rat. J Bone Miner Res 1999, 14(2):206-214.
151. Heissig B., Rafii S., Akiyama H., Ohki Y., Sato Y., Rafael T., Zhu Z., Hicklin D.J., Okumura K., Ogawa H., Werb Z., Hattori K. Low-dose irradiation promotes tissue revascularization through VEGF release from mast cells and MMP9-mediated progenitor cell mobilization. J Exp Med 2005, 202(6):739-750.
152. Li W., Wang G., Cui J., Xue L., Cai L. Low-dose radiation (LDR) induces hematopoietic hormesis: LDR-induced mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells into peripheral blood circulation. Exp Hematol 2004, 32(11):1088-1096.
153. Nothdurft W., Kreja L. Hemopoietic progenitor cells in the blood as indicators of the functional status of the bone marrow after total-body and partial-body irradiation: Experiences from studies in dogs. Stem Cells 1998, 16(Suppl 1):97-111.
154. Borah B., Dufresne T.E., Ritman E.L., Jorgensen S.M., Liu S., Chmielewski P.A., Phipps R.J., Zhou X., Sibonga J.D., Turner R.T. Long-term risedronate treatment normalizes mineralization and continues to preserve trabecular architecture: Sequential triple biopsy studies with microcomputed tomography. Bone 2006, 39(2):345-352.
155. Ritman E.L., Bolander M.E., Fitzpatrick L.A., Turner R.T. Micro-CT imaging of structure-to-function relationship of bone microstructure and associated vascular involvement. Technol Health Care 1998, 6(5-6):403-412.
156. Tzaphlidou M., Speller R., Royle G., Griffiths J. Preliminary estimates of the calcium/phosphorus ratio at different cortical bone sites using synchrotron microCT. Phys Med Biol 2006, 51(7):1849-1855.
157. Laib A., Barou O., Vico L., Lafage-Proust M.H., Alexandre C., Rugsegger P. 3D micro-computed tomography of trabecular and cortical bone architecture with application to a rat model of immobilisation osteoporosis. Med Biol Eng Comput 2000, 38(3):326-332.
158. Laib A., Kumer J.L., Majumdar S., Lane N.E. The temporal changes of trabecular architecture in ovariectomized rats assessed by MicroCT. Osteoporos Int 2001, 12(11):936-941.
159. Jaecques S.V., Van Oosterwyck H., Muraru L., Van Cleynenbreugel T., De Smet E., Wevers M., Naert I., Vander Sloten J. Individualised micro CT-based finite element modelling as a tool for biomechanical analysis related to tissue engineering of bone. Biomaterials 2004, 25(9):1683-1696.
160. Maran A., Khosla S., Riggs B.L., Zhang M., Ritman E.L., Turner R.T. Measurement of gene expression following cryogenic mu-CT scanning of human iliac crest biopsies. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2003, 3(1):83-88.
161. Muller R., Gerber S.C., Hayes W.C. Micro-compression: A novel technique for the nondestructive assessment of local bone failure. Technol Health Care 1998, 6(5-6):433-444.
162. Fitzpatrick L.A., Turner R.T., Ritman E.R. Endochondral bone formation in the heart: A possible mechanism of coronary calcification. Endocrinology 2003, 144(6):2214-2219.
163. Den Buijs J.O., Bajzer Z., Ritman E.L. Branching morphology of the rat hepatic portal vein tree: A micro-CT study. Ann Biomed Eng 2006, 34(9):1420-1428.
164. Marxen M., Paget C., Yu L.X., Henkelman R.M. Estimating perfusion using microCT to locate microspheres. Phys Med Biol 2006, 51(1):N9-N16.
165. Ritman E., Jorgensen S., Beighley P., Thomas P., Dunsmuir J., Romero J., Turner R., Bolander M. Synchrotron-based micro-CT of in situ biological basic functional units and their integration. Proc SPIE, Developments in X-ray Tomography 1997, 3149:13-24.
166. Hara T., Tanck E., Homminga J., Huiskes R. The influence of microcomputed tomography threshold variations on the assessment of structural and mechanical trabecular bone properties. Bone 2002, 31(1):107-109.
167. Wronski T.J., Morey E.R. Skeletal abnormalities in rats induced by simulated weightlessness. Metab Bone Dis Relat Res 1982, 4(1):69-75.
168. Cavolina J.M., Evans G.L., Harris S.A., Zhang M., Westerlind K.C., Turner R.T. The effects of orbital spaceflight on bone histomorphometry and messenger ribonucleic acid levels for bone matrix proteins and skeletal signaling peptides in ovariectomized growing rats. Endocrinology 1997, 138(4):1567-1576.
169. Gluer C.C. Monitoring skeletal changes by radiological techniques. J Bone Miner Res 1999, 14(11):1952-1962.
170. Rosen H.N., Tollin S., Balena R., Middlebrooks V.L., Beamer W.G., Donohue L.R., Rosen C., Turner A., Holick M., Greenspan S.L. Differentiating between orchiectomized rats and controls using measurements of trabecular bone density: A comparison among DXA, histomorphometry and peripheral quantitative computerized tomography. Calcif Tissue Int 1995, 57(1):35-39.
171. Hamrick M.W., Della-Fera M.A., Choi Y.H., Pennington C., Hartzell D., Baile C.A. Leptin treatment induces loss of bone marrow adipocytes and increases bone formation in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. J Bone Miner Res 2005, 20(6):994-1001.
172. Steppan C.M., Crawford D.T., Chidsey-Frink K.L., Ke H., Swick A.G. Leptin is a potent stimulator of bone growth in ob/ob mice. Regul Pept 2000, 92(1-3):73-78.
173. Ducy P., Amling M., Takeda S., Priemel M., Schilling A.F., Beil F.T., Shen J., Vinson C., Rueger J.M., Karsenty G. Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: A central control of bone mass. Cell 2000, 100(2):197-207.
174. Blumer M.J., Schwarzer C., Perez M.T., Konakci K.Z., Fritsch H. Identification and location of bone-forming cells within cartilage canals on their course into the secondary ossification centre. J Anat 2006, 208(6):695-707.
175. Min H., Chen C.Z. Methods for analyzing microRNA expression and function during hematopoietic lineage differentiation. Methods Mol Biol 2006, 342:209-227.
176. Nomura S., Takano-Yamamoto T. Molecular events caused by mechanical stress in bone. Matrix Biol 2000, 19(2):91-96.
177. Barou O., Palle S., Vico L., Alexandre C., Lafage-Proust M.H. Hindlimb unloading in rat decreases preosteoblast proliferation assessed in vivo with BrDU incorporation. Am J Physiol 1998, 274(1 Pt 1):E108-E114.
178. Turner C.H., Owan I., Alvey T., Hulman J., Hock J.M. Recruitment and proliferative responses of osteoblasts after mechanical loading in vivo determined using sustainedrelease bromodeoxyuridine. Bone 1998, 22(5):463-469.
179. Zaman G., Jessop H.L., Muzylak M., De Souza R.L., Pitsillides A.A., Price J.S., Lanyon L.L. Osteocytes use estrogen receptor alpha to respond to strain but their ERalpha content is regulated by estrogen. J Bone Miner Res 2006, 21(8):1297-1306.
180. Szczepanski T., van der Velden V.H., van Dongen J.J. Flow-cytometric immunophenotyping of normal and malignant lymphocytes. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006, 44(7):775-796.
181. Copland J.A., Davies P.J., Shipley G.L., Wood C.G., Luxon B.A., Urban R.J. The use of DNA microarrays to assess clinical samples: The transition from bedside to bench to bedside. Recent Prog Horm Res 2003, 58:25-53.
182. C.H. Cho, M.E. Nuttall, Emerging techniques for the discovery and validation of therapeutic targets for skeletal diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 6(6), 679-689.
183. Young M.F. Bone matrix proteins: Their function, regulation and relationship to osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2003, 14(Suppl 3):S35-S42.
184. Sogaard C.H., Wronski T.J., McOsker J.E., Mosekilde L. The positive effect of parathyroid hormone on femoral neck bone strength in ovariectomized rats is more pronounced than that of estrogen or bisphosphonates. Endocrinology 1994, 134(2):650-657.
185. Barnes G.L., Kostenuik P.J., Gerstenfeld L.C., Einhorn T.A. Growth factor regulation of fracture repair. J Bone Miner Res 1999, 14(11):1805-1815.
186. Roy D.K., Pye S.R., Lunt M., O'Neill T.W., Todd C., Raspe H., Reeve J., Silman A.J., Weber K., Dequeker J., Jajic I., Stepan J., Delmas P.D., Marchand F., Reisinger W., Banzer D., Felsenberg D., Janott J., Kragl G., Schiedt-Nave C., Felsch B., Raspe H., Matthis C., Lyritis G., Poor G., Gennari C., Pols H.A., Falch J.A., Miazgowski T., Hoszowski K., Lorenc R., Bruges Armas J., Lopes Vaz A., Benevolenskaya L.I., Masaryk P., Rapado A., Cannata J.B., Naves-Diaz M., Johnell O., Dilsen G., Reid D.M., Bhalla A.K., Todd C., Reeve J., Finn J.D., Ismail A., Lunt M., O'Neill T.W., Pye S.R., Roy D.K., Kanis J.A., Cooper C., Woolf A.D. Falls explain between-center differences in the incidence of limb fracture across Europe. Bone 2002, 31(6):712-717.
187. Hayes W.C., Myers E.R. Biomechanical considerations of hip and spine fractures in osteoporotic bone. Instr Course Lect 1997, 46:431-438.
188. Robinovitch S.N., Hayes W.C., McMahon T.A. Distribution of contact force during impact to the hip. Ann Biomed Eng 1997, 25(3):499-508.
189. Schwartz A.V., Nevitt M.C., Brown B.W., Kelsey J.L. Increased falling as a risk factor for fracture among older women: The study of osteoporotic fractures. Am J Epidemiol 2005, 161(2):180-185.
190. Wainwright S.A., Marshall L.M., Ensrud K.E., Cauley J.A., Black D.M., Hillier T.A., Hochberg M.C., Vogt M.T., Orwoll E.S. Hip fracture in women without osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90(5):2787-2793.