Anglican communion in crisis: How episcopal dissidents and their African allies are reshaping anglicanism

Anglican Communion in Crisis: How Episcopal Dissidents and Their African Allies Are Reshaping Anglicanism

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages

  Hassett, Miranda K ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84884003813     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (382)

1. Philip Jenkins, The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 4, 7, 14.
2. Anna Tsing, "The Global Situation," Cultural Anthropology 15, no. 3 (2000): 330.
3. Zsuzsa Gille and Sean O Riain, "Global Ethnography," Annual Review of Sociology 28 (2002): 271-95; Susan Brin Hyatt, "Writing against Globalization," Anthropological Quarterly 75, no. 1 (2001): 205-12.
4. Jonathan Xavier Inda and Renato Rosaldo, "Introduction: A World in Motion," in The Anthropology of Globalization: A Reader, ed. Inda and Rosaldo (Malden, MA: Blackwell Press, 2002).
5. Ulf Hannerz, "Cosmopolitans and Locals in World Culture," in Global Culture, ed. Mike Featherstone (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1990). 237.
6. Tomlinson, Globalization, 37-40.
7. Peter Beyer, Religion and Globalization (London: Sage Publications, 1994). 92.
8. Manuel Castells, The Power of Identity, vol. 2: The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1997). 21 25.
9. See, for example, Guidry, Kennedy, and Zald, Globalizations and Social Movements, and Jackie Smith and Hank Johnston, eds., Globalization and Resistance: Transnational Dimensions of Social Movements (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002).
10. Simon Coleman, "The Faith Movement: A Global Religious Culture?," Culture and Religion 3, no. 1 (2002): 6.
11. James Peacock, Global Identity in the U.S. South (Athens: University of Georgia Press, in press).
12. Ekklesia Society, "Rationale for the Ekklesia Society," Ekklesia Society home page, www.ekklesiasociety.org (accessed August 5, 1998).
13. Hyatt, "Writing against Globalization," 206-7.
14. Tsing, "Global Situation," 328.
15. Simon Coleman, The Globalisation of Charismatic Christianity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000). 6.
16. Hilary Cunningham, "The Ethnography of Transnational Social Activism: Understanding the Global as Local Practice," American Ethnologist 26, no. 3 (2003): 583.
17. Deborah G. Martin and Byron Miller, "Space and Contentious Politics," Mobilization 8, no. 2 (2003): 143-56.
18. Gille and O Riain, "Global Ethnography," 284.
19. Tsing, "Global Situation," 329; Gille and O Riain, "Global Ethnography," 283.
20. Coleman, "Faith Movement," 11.
21. Jenkins, Next Christendom, 2. See chapter 8 for more on Episcopalians' adoption of Jenkins's work.
22. See Miranda Smith, "Church Battles, Culture Wars: The Case of the Episcopal Church" (MA thesis, University of North Carolina, 1999).
23. For details regarding the growth of Southern Christianity, see Jenkins, Next Christendom, and Timothy Samuel Shah, "The Bible and the Ballot Box: Evangelicals and Democracy in the 'Global South,'" SAIS Review 24, no. 2 (2004): 118.
24. David C. Anderson, "A Place to Stand," American Anglican Council (2003), http://www.americananglican.org/News/News.cfm?ID=798&c=21 (accessed March 24, 2004).
25. Colleen O'Connor, "The Anatomy of Schism: A Battle of Biblical Tyranny," Everyvoice (2003), www.everyvoice.net/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=272 (accessed October 11, 2003).
26. David Virtue, "Wrenching Split in Fabric of Communion if Primates Don't Act," Virtuosity Digest, October 11, 2003, archived at http://www.virtueonline.org/portal/index.php.
27. See especially George Marcus, Ethnography through Thick and Thin (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998).
28. Gille and O Riain, "Global Ethnography," 286-87.
29. Ulf Hannerz, "Several Sites in One," in Globalisation: Studies in Anthropology, ed. Thomas Hylland Eriksen (Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 2003), 18-38.
30. Lewis C. Daly, "A Church at Risk: The Episcopal 'Renewal Movement,'" IDS Insights 2, no. 2 (2001): 3.
31. Hannerz, "Several Sites," 34-35.
32. Faiz Ahmad Faiz, The Rebel's Silhouette: Selected Poems (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1991), xi.
33. Talal Asad, "The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam," Georgetown University Center for Contemporary Arab Studies Occasional Paper Series (Washington, DC, 1986). 17.
34. Frank S. Mead, Handbook of Denominations in the United State (1951; Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1990), 100-101; Lesser Feasts and Fasts (New York: Church Publishing Company, 1998). 392.
35. Asad, "Anthropology of Islam," 14-15.
36. Anglican Communion News Service, "The Revd Ian T. Douglas Upholds Importance of the Anglican Communion," ACNS 3628 (October 16, 2003).
37. Elesha Hodge, "Accidental Missionary," Christian History (Fall 1997), http://www.ctlibrary.com/ch/1997/56/56h040.html (accessed March 24, 2004).
38. Holger Bernt Hansen, Mission, Church, and State in a Colonial Setting: Uganda, 1890-1925 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984); W. B. Anderson, The Church in East Africa (Dodoma, Tanzania: Central Tanganyika Press, 1981).
39. Louise Pirouet, Black Evangelists: The Spread of Christianity in Uganda, 1891-1914 (London: Rex Collings, 1978). 195.
40. Pirouet, Black Evangelists, 22-23.
41. Kevin Ward, "'Obedient Rebels'-The Relationship between the Early 'Balokole' and the Church of Uganda: The Mukono Crisis of 1941," Journal of Religion in Africa 19, no. 3 (1989): 194-227.
42. Kevin Ward, "Same-Sex Relations in Africa and the Debate on Homosexuality in East African Anglicanism," Anglican Theological Review (Winter 2002):1, http://newark.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/homosexualityAfrica.html (accessed January 13, 2003).
43. Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil Wa (Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1976), 29-30; William Syndor, Looking at the Episcopal Church (Wilton, CT: Morehouse-Barlow, 1980). 76.
44. Holmes, Brief History, 92.
45. Holmes, Brief History, 162.
46. Mead, Handbook, 104.
47. Holmes, Brief History, 148-49.
48. David E. Sumner, The Episcopal Church's History: 1945-1985 (Wilton, CT: Morehouse-Barlow, 1987). 161.
49. Holmes, Brief History, 175.
50. Kit Konolige and Frederica Konolige, The Power of Their Glory: America's Ruling Class, the Episcopalians (New York: Wyden Books, 1978).
51. Wade Clark Roof and William McKinney, American Mainline Religion (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987).
52. Holmes, Brief History, 165.
53. Holmes, Brief History, 167-68.
54. See Donald S. Armentrout, Episcopal Splinter Groups: A Study of Groups Which Have Left the Episcopal Church, 1873-1985 (Sewanee, TN: School of Theology, University of the South, 1985).
55. Guelzo, For the Union, 4.
56. John M. Krumm, Why Choose the Episcopal Church? (1957; Cincinnati: Forward Movement Publications, 1996).
57. Sumner, Episcopal Church's History, 154-55.
58. Holmes, Brief History, 170-71.
59. Guelzo, For the Union; Roger Steer, Church on Fire: The Story of Anglican Evangelicals (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1998): 347.
60. Sumner, Episcopal Church's History, 123.
61. "Evangelical Fellowship in the Anglican Communion," EFAC website (1999), http://www.episcopalian.org/efac/articles/efachst.html (accessed August 26, 2005).
62. Daly, "Church at Risk," 5.
63. Steer, Church on Fire, 359.
64. Steer, Church on Fire, 365.
65. Jack H. Taylor, Jr., "Episcopalians United Is Operating Illegally," n.d., http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/eurrr_illegal.html (accessed August 5, 1998).
66. Episcopal Synod of America, "Episcopal Synod Rejects Court Decision," ESA website (1996), http://www.episcopalsynod.org (accessed July 31, 1998).
67. James Solheim, "Dispute over Use of Church's Name Moves toward Resolution," Episcopal News Service (1999), http://arc.episcopalchurch.org/ens/99-2285.html (accessed March 24, 2004).
68. Asad, "Anthropology of Islam," 16.
69. See Faye Ginsburg, Contested Lives (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).
70. David Helminiak, What the Bible Really Says about Homosexuality (1994; San Francisco: Alamo Square Press, 2000): 26-27.
71. Steer, Church on Fire, 362.
72. Constance Sullivan-Blum, "'The Two Shall Become One Flesh': Why Same-Sex Marriage Threatens Evangelical Christians" (paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for the Anthropology of Religion, Providence, RI, April 2002).
73. Kit Kincade, "Who Is 'Defending Tradition'?: The Controversy within the Episcopal Church," Louisville Courier-Journal, October 12, 2003, http://www .courier-journal.com/cjextra/editorials/for-3-kincade1012-9299.html (accessed October 15, 2003).
74. Anderson, "A Place to Stand."
75. Asad, "Anthropology of Islam," 15.
76. Catherine Bell, "Performance," in Critical Terms for Religious Studies, ed. Mark C. Taylor, 205-24 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), quotation at 206.
77. Sumner, Episcopal Church's History, 163.
78. For a number of fascinating essays on American evangelicals' missions-inspired world consciousness, see Grant Wacker and Daniel H. Bays, eds., The Foreign Missionary Enterprise at Home: Explorations in North American Cultural History (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2003).
79. Michael F. Gallo, "The Continuing Anglicans: Credible Movement or Ecclesiastical Dead End?," Touchstone (Winter 1989): 29.
80. Steer, Church on Fire, 375.
81. Deborah Martin and Byron Miller, "Space and Contentious Politics" in Khagram, Riker, and Sikkink, Restructuring World Politics, 148-49.
82. American Anglican Council, "Who We Are," AAC website (1996); no longer available online (accessed July 31, 1998).
83. Ekklesia Society, "Rationale."
84. John Wall, A Dictionary for Episcopalians (Boston: Cowley Publications, 2000), 71-72.
85. Michael Marshall, Church at the Crossroads: Lambeth 1988 (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1988). 16.
86. Maurice Sinclair, "For the Love of Christ: Reaffirming Anglican Orthodoxy in a Time of Change" (1997), accessed in private archive.
87. Roland Robertson, Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture (London: Sage Publishing, 1992).
88. David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989); Anthony Giddens, The Consequences of Modernity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990).
89. Michael Kearney, Reconceptualizing the Peasantry: Anthropology in Global Perspective (Boulder: Westview Press, 1996); Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996).
90. Tomlinson, Globalization, 4-7.
91. Hannerz , "Several Sites," 27-28.
92. Tsing, "Global Situation," 345.
93. Clifford Bob, "Political Process Theory and Transnational Movements: Dialectics of Protest among Nigeria's Ogoni Minority," Social Problems 49, no. 3 (2002): 399.
94. Ian T. Douglas, "Lambeth 1998 and the 'New Colonialism,'" Witness (May 1998): 9.
95. Simon Sarmiento, "Lambeth perspective: Two Kuala Lumpur Statements," Society of Archbishop Justus website (1998), http://justus.anglican.org/newsarchive/lambeth98/sjn16.html (accessed August 28, 2003).
96. Douglas, "Lambeth 1998," 11.
97. Steer, Church on Fire, 394.
98. Louie Crew, "The Kuala Lumpur Statement," Anglican Pages (1997), http://newark.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/kuala.html (accessed October 2, 2002).
99. Doug LeBlanc, "The Dallas Statement" (1997), http://members.core.com/~figueroa/dallas.htm (accessed October 3, 2002).
100. Stephen Noll, "The Handwriting on the Wall" (1997), accessed in private archive.
101. Anglican Life and Witness Conference, "Listening Group Reports from Day One" (1997), accessed in private archive.
102. LeBlanc, "Dallas Statement."
103. For example, the May 1999 edition's Letters pages included thank-you notes from a Singaporean and a Kenyan bishop.
104. William Atwood, "The Primates in Canterbury," Mandate (May/June 2002): 14.
105. Sidney Tarrow, Power in Movement (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998). 192.
106. Cunningham, "Ethnography of Transnational Social Activism," 589.
107. Kyle Brazzel, "Thomas William Johnston Jr.," Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, February 17, 2002, sec. D: 5.
108. "First Promise Gains Strength," United Voice, Episcopalians United website (1998), http://www.episcopalian.org/EU/dispatches/promise.htm (accessed September 5, 2002).
109. Robert Stowe England, "First Promise Raises Global Stakes." Encompass, April 19, 1998, http://www.episcopalian.org/EU/dispatches/promise2.htm (accessed September 5, 2002).
110. "First Promise," United Voice.
111. Brazzel, "Thomas William Johnston Jr.," 5.
112. England, "First Promise."
113. Brazzel, "Thomas William Johnston Jr.," 5.
114. David Virtue, "East African Bishop Launches Broadside at Treatment by George Carey," Virtuosity Digest, January 20, 2003.
115. Quoted in Brazzel, "Thomas William Johnston Jr.," 1.
116. England, "First Promise."
117. Brazzel, "Thomas William Johnston Jr.," 5.
118. England, "First Promise."
119. Victoria Combe, "Bishops Sway to Beat of Drums in Cathedral," Daily Telegraph (UK), July 20, 1998, 7.
120. Peter Moore, "Lambeth '98," Anglicans for Renewal 75 (1998).
121. Andrew Brown, "How Fear of Islam Forced the Church to Attack Gays," Daily Express (UK), August 7, 1998.
122. Clare Garner, "How I Felt the Wrath of a Bishop ... as the Church Votes for Gay Ban," Independent (UK), August 6, 1998.
123. James Solheim, Diversity or Disunity? Reflections on Lambeth 1998 (New York: Church Publishing Incorporated, 1999), 63-66.
124. Robert Stowe England, "Lambeth's Plenary Debate on Sexuality" (1998), 5, accessed in private archive.
125. Doug LeBlanc, "Americans Decry Spong's Remarks on Africans," United Voice, July 17, 1998, http://www.episcopalian.org/eu/uv (accessed November 2, 2002); Andrew Carey, "African Christians? They're Just a Step up from Witchcraft," Church of England Newspaper, July 10, 1998.
126. David Skidmore, "Bishop Spong Apologises to Africans," Lambeth Daily, July 28, 1998: 1.
127. "Rants, Raves, and Reflections: What They're Saying about the 1998 Lambeth Conference," Christian Challenge, November 1998, 6-9.
128. Moore, "Lambeth '98."
129. Todd Wetzel, "Anglicanism's Tent of Meeting," United Voice, July 29, 1998, http://www.episcopalian.org/eu/uv (accessed November 15, 2002).
130. Doug LeBlanc, "Kolini Underwhelmed by Spong's Regrets," United Voice, July 31, 1998; http://www.episcopalian.org/eu/uv (accessed August 5, 1998).
131. Larry Stammer, "Anglican Council Draws Cassocks of Many Colors," Los Angeles Times, August 3, 1998.
132. Doug LeBlanc, "It's Time to Hear from the South," United Voice, July 19, 1998; http://www.episcopalian.org/eu/uv (accessed November 19, 2002).
133. Alistair Macdonald-Radcliff, "After Lambeth, It's Time for Change: An Interview with Lamin Sanneh," Church of England Newspaper, August 7, 1998, 11.
134. Victoria Combe, "Repent on Gay Sex, Say Angry Africans," Daily Telegraph (UK), July 24, 1998, 7.
135. Noll, "Diary."
136. Solheim, Diversity or Disunity, 56; Doug LeBlanc, "Homosexuals Speak in a New Venue," United Voice, July 31, 1998, http://www.episcopalian.org/eu/uv (accessed August 5, 1998).
137. Invitation to meeting on July 29 (1998), accessed in private archive.
138. "An Evening to Understand More about Homosexuality and the Reality of Change" (1998), accessed in private archive.
139. "Observations on the Politics of Passing a Sexuality Resolution" (1998), accessed in private archive.
140. For fuller accounts of the debate, see England, "Lambeth's Plenary Debate"; Solheim, Diversity or Disunity; Noll, "Diary"; and Kim Byham, "A Sad Diary" (August 5, 1998), http://newark.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/kim06.html (accessed October 16, 2003).
141. "Lambeth Conference 1998: Resolution 1.10 Human Sexuality," Anglican Communion Official Website, http://www.anglicancommunion.org/windsor 2004/appendix/p3.6.cfm (accessed July 23, 2006).
142. England, "Lambeth's Plenary Debate."
143. I here temporarily shift from "Northern" to "Western," since "Western" is still commonly used as a designation for Euro-American culture.
144. Tomlinson, Globalization, 81; G. Ritzer, The McDonaldization of Society (Newbury Park, CA: Pine Forge Press, 1993); Walter LaFeber, Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism (New York: W. W. Norton Co., 1999).
145. Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson, "Beyond 'Culture': Space, Identity, and the Politics of Difference," in Culture, Power, Place: Explorations in Critical Anthropology, ed. Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson, 33-51 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997).
146. Inda and Renato Rosaldo, "Introduction"; Giddens, Consequences.
147. Steve Brouwer, Paul Gifford, and Susan D. Rose, Exporting the American Gospel: Global Christian Fundamentalism (New York: Routledge, 1996).
148. Joel Robbins, "The Globalization of Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity," Annual Review of Anthropology 33 (2004): 117-43.no
149. Richard Kew, "What's in store after Lambeth?," Encompass 2, no. 3 (1998).
150. "Police Warn Martyrs Day Criminals," New Vision, June 3, 2002.
151. Ward, "Same-Sex Relations."
152. John Kalini, Namugongo: From Shame to Glory (Kampala, Uganda: Education Department, Namirembe Diocese, n.d.); Francis Marion, New African Saints: The Twenty-two Martyrs of Uganda (Nairobi: St. Paul Publications-Africa, 1985).
153. Ward, "Same-Sex Relations."
154. Elizabeth Povinelli and George Chauncey, "Thinking Sexuality Transna-tionally," GLQ: A Journal of Gay and Lesbian Studies 5, no. 3 (1999): 439-40.
155. Rudolf Gaudio, "Imagined Hegemonies: Gay Imperialism and the Need for Critically Queer Ethnography" (paper presented at the annual meeting for the American Ethnological Society, Providence, RI, April 24-26, 2003).
156. Joseph Massad, "Re-Orienting Desire: The Gay International and the Arab World," Public Culture 14, no. 2 (2002): 361.
157. Scott Long, A. Widney Brown, and Gail Cooper, More than a Name: State-Sponsored Homophobia and Its Consequences in Southern Africa (New York: Human Rights Watch/International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commis-sion,2003), 12-14.
158. Ward, "Same-Sex Relations."
159. Massad, "Re-Orienting Desire," 382.
160. "Museveni U-turn on Gays?," Q Online (1999), http://www.q.co.za/news/1999/9911/991116-museveni.htm (accessed January 14, 2004).
161. You-Leng Lim, "Homosexuality: How the Economics and Politics of Singapore Have Shaped the Anglican Diocese and Its Role in the Province of South East Asia" (1998), http://newark.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/lenglim2.html (accessed April 6, 2004).
162. Combe, "Repent."
163. "Notice Paper for Plenary Session on Wednesday, 5 August, Lambeth Conference 1998," accessed in private archive.
164. Ward, "Same-Sex Relations."
165. Long, Brown, and Cooper, More than a Name, 41.
166. Ruth Gledhill, "African Bishops Outraged at Sexual Liberalism," Times (UK), July 23, 1998.
167. Ward, "Same-Sex Relations."
168. Robert Lancaster, "On Homosexualities in Latin America (and Other Places)," American Ethnologist 24, no. 1 (1997): 193-202.
169. Douglas, "Lambeth 1998,": 11.
170. Todd Wetzel, "There Is No Deadlock," United Voice, July 29, 1998, http://www.episcopalian.org/eu/uv (accessed July 31, 1998).
171. Noll, "Diary"; Diane Knippers, "Invitation" (1998), accessed in private archive.
172. Knippers, "Invitation."
173. Robert Miclean, "Restoration and Repentance at Lambeth" (1998), accessed in private archive.
174. Julie Wortman, "Sex, Debt, and God's New Thing," Witness, October 1998, 4-26.
175. Geoffrey Chapman, "Presentation to the Kampala Meeting held by AACOM" (1999), accessed in private archive.
176. Tarrow, Power in Movement, 181.
177. Beyer, Religion and Globalization, 26.
178. Castells, Power of Identity, 114.
179. Doug LeBlanc, "Africans Strengthen Sexuality Resolution," United Voice, August 6, 1998, http://www.episcopalian.org/eu/lambeth/chastity.asp (accessed August 12, 1998).
180. Stephen Noll, "Lambeth Speaks Plainly," in Mixed Blessings: Why Same-Sex Blessings Will Divide the Church (American Anglican Council, 2000). 30.
181. Douglas, "Lambeth 1998," 11.
182. David Virtue, "South African Bishops out of Step with the Rest of Africa" (August 7, 1998), http://www.prayerbook.ca/cann/1998/pbslam30.htm (accessed April 7, 2004).
183. Elaine Storkey, "Church Turns Its Back on Western Agenda," Independent (UK), August 8, 1998, 7.
184. "Review and Outlook: Bruising Bishops," Wall Street Journal, August 14, 1998.
185. Jenkins, Next Christendom, 224.
186. "Welcome page," Anglican Communion website, http://www.anglican communion.org/welcome.html (accessed September 14, 2000). The photo's caption identified only Carey, but its file name included the word "rwanda."
187. Or, as Uganda's president Yoweri Museveni titled his 2000 book, "What Is Africa's Problem?"
188. Jenkins, Next Christendom, 203.
189. David Skidmore, "Lambeth Struggles over Homosexuality in Emotional Plenary Session," Anglican Communion News Service LC098 (accessed August 7, 1998).
190. David Skidmore, "Advocates of Homosexuals Dismayed but not Deterred by Sexuality Resolution," Anglican Communion News Service LC101 (accessed August 7, 1998).
191. Jean Torkelson, "Bishop Votes with Church on Gay Rights," Rocky Mountain News, August 12, 1998, http://insidedenver.com/news/0812gay5.html (accessed August 12, 1998).
192. Gary Gloster, "Bishop Gloster on the Voting at Lambeth" (1998), http://newark.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/lambeth87.html (accessed February 3, 2003).
193. Catherine Roskam, "A Message in the Wake of the Recent Lambeth Conference" (August 18, 1998), http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/roskam01.html (accessed April 7, 2004).
194. Swing, "Response."
195. Frank Griswold, "Presiding Bishop Responds to Newspaper Articles," Anglican Communion News Service 1759 (August 17, 1998).
196. Diane Knippers, "Sex and the Anglicans," Weekly Standard, September 7, 1998.
197. Hays Rockwell, "Reflections on Lambeth," in AACOM Petition, appendix, vol. 1, 121-24.
198. Swing, "Response."
199. Frederick Borsch, "A Message from the Bishop of Los Angeles," in AACOM Petition, appendix, vol. 1, 52-53; Swing, "Response."
200. Swing, "Response."
201. "Scottish Bishop Condemns Anti-gay Vote," Scotsman (UK), August 6, 1998, http://www.yahoo.co.uk/headlines/980806/scotsman/scotsman.902408462 .html (accessed August 8, 1998).
202. Swing, "Response."
203. Michael Hopkins, "Lambeth Conference Sexuality Resolution Has No Credibility" (1998), http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/lambeth98/lambeth37 .html (accessed April 7, 2004).
204. James Thrall, "An International Community? The Anglican Communion and the 1998 Lambeth Conference" (Duke University Divinity School, 2000). 20.
205. "Rants, Raves," Christian Challenge.
206. Martin Smith, "Martin Smith SSJE on Lambeth," in AACOM Petition, appendix, vol. 1, 73-75.
207. Borsch, "Message."
208. Charles Moore, "Gay Rights Train Derailed at Lambeth Conference" (1998), http://synod.321media.com/321/articles/read_it (accessed October 3, 2002).
209. LeBlanc, "Africans Strengthen."
210. "Summing up the Lambeth Conference," Church Times (UK), August 14, 1998.
211. James Stanton, "Lambeth 98: Scripture Rules," Encompass 2, no. 2 (August 1998): 1.
212. Kew, "What's in Store."
213. Knippers, "Sex and the Anglicans."
214. Auburn F. Traycik and David Virtue, "1998: A New Day for Anglicanism," Christian Challenge, January-February 1999, 8.
215. Auburn F. Traycik, "Sex Resolution Didn't Need Africans, Bishop Says," Christian Challenge, January-February 1999: 16-17.
216. Noll, "Lambeth Speaks," 35.
217. Solheim, Diversity or Disunity? 35.
218. Solheim, Diversity or Disunity?, 261.
219. Douglas, "Radical Mutuality," 26-27.
220. Quoted in Stammer, "Anglican Council."
221. Thrall, "International Community?," 21.
222. Ian T. Douglas, "The Exigency of Times and Occasions," in Beyond Colonial Anglicanism, ed. Ian Douglas and Kwok Pui-Lan (New York: Church Publishing Incorporated, 2003), 25-46.
223. Grein and Sisk, "Pastoral Letter."
224. Borsch, "Message."
225. Swing, "Response." In the original, the first two sentences of this letter are in emphatic boldface.
226. Fred Ellis and Michael Hopkins, "We're Not Going Back," in AACOM Petition, appendix, vol. 1, 42.
227. David Virtue, "Lambeth Outtakes: From My Ear to Yours," Virtuosity Digest, August 3, 1998.
228. LeBlanc, "It's Time to Hear."
229. Moore, "Gay Rights."
230. Coleman, "Faith Movement," 6.
231. Colin Blakely, "Editorial," Church of England Newspaper, no. 5423, August 7, 1998, 7.
232. "Listening Group Reports from Day One," Anglican Life and Witness Conference, Dallas, 1997, accessed in private archive.
233. Maurice Sinclair, "Message from Malaysia" (1997), http://trushare.com/25JUN97/JN97SINC.htm (accessed October 3, 2002).
234. Griswold, "Presiding Bishop Responds."
235. Thrall, "International Community?," 27.
236. "Rants, Raves," Christian Challenge.
237. Kew, "What's in Store."
238. Quoted in David Virtue, "Bishops Vote Overwhelmingly for Biblical Standards on Sexuality" (Aug. 5, 1998), http://synod.321media.com/321/articles/read_it (accessed August 5, 1998).
239. Thrall, "International Community?," 18.
240. AACOM Petition, 1999.
241. The Network of Anglican Communion Dioceses and Parishes, launched early in 2004 and described below, has arguably usurped both these distinctions now.
242. "Press Release," First Promise, January 29, 2000, http://www.firstpro mise.org/SPPress1.htm (accessed April 29, 2003).
243. Anglican Mission in America (AMiA), "Anglican Mission in America (AMiA): A Story of Leadership, Faith and Mission" (2001), accessed in private archive.
244. Anglican Mission in America (AMiA), "Six Month Report" (2001), personal collection.
245. David Virtue, "GC2000: the Bonfire of the Sexualities-Part 2" (2000), http://listserv.episcopalian.org/scripts/wa.exe?A2=ind0009b&L=virtuosity&D= 1&H=1&O=D&F=&S=&P=295 (accessed April 9, 2004).
246. AMiA, "Anglican Mission."
247. Anglican Mission in America (AMiA), "Ten Month Report" (2001), personal collection.
248. Jan Nunley, "Anglican Mission in America waiting for meeting of Anglican primates in March," Episcopal News Service 2001-16 (January 2001), http://www.wfn.org/2001/01/msg00146.html (accessed April 9, 2004).
249. Kampala Meeting, "A Letter to the Participants and Invited Observers Attending the Group of Primates Meeting Held in Kampala from 16th to 18th November 1999" (1999), http://www.episcopalian.org/cclec/letter-kampala_nov 1999.htm (accessed April 9, 2004).
250. Doug LeBlanc, "Conservatives Dream of a Global Shift" (1999), http://www.episcopalian.org/eu/uv (accessed October 2, 2000).
251. David Virtue, "Exclusive Interview with The Rt. Rev. John H. Rodgers" (2000), http://www.firstpromise.org/Consecration/virtuerogers.htm (accessed September 30, 2000).
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254. Robert Duncan, "Bishop of Pittsburgh Responds to the Consecration of Bishops Rodgers," Anglican Communion News Service 2025 (February 11, 2000), http://www.anglicancommunion.org/acns/acnsarchive/acns2025/acns20 25.html (accessed April 29, 2003).
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259. David Virtue and Auburn F. Traycik, "The Primates' Oporto Communique: Warning, or Wimp-Out?" (March 28, 2000), http://listserv.episcopalian.org/scripts/wa.exe?A2=ind0003d&L=virtuosity&D=1&H=1&O=D&F=&S=&P=327 (accessed April 9, 2004).
260. Daly, "Church at Risk," 4.
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269. Peggy Levitt, "Redefining the Boundaries of Belonging: The Institutional Character of Transnational Religious Life," Sociology of Religion 65, no. 1 (2004): 10.
270. Nashotah House, located in Wisconsin, is Anglo-Catholic in its orientation and much smaller than the evangelical-charismatic Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry.
271. David Virtue, "Kelshaw Breaks New Ground in Louisiana Ordinations," Christian Challenge 38, no. 3 (1999).
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278. Anglican Church in New Westminster (ACiNW), "Canadian Churches Offered Temporary Adequate Episcopal Oversight" (2003), http://209.35.87.15/amia/events_sub.cfm?id=17 (accessed February 20, 2004).
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280. AAC, "What Is the Network?"
281. Diane Knippers, "What Do Conservative Episcopalians Really Want?" (2004), http://www.beliefnet.com/story/138/story_13869.html (accessed February 20, 2004).
282. Pat McCaughan, Melodie Woerman, Jim DeLa, and Nicole Seiferth, "From Columbus: Convention Responds to Windsor Report's Call for Moratorium," Episcopal News Service, June 21, 2006.
283. Found at http://www.americananglican.org/Team/TeamList.cfm?c=46 (accessed February 20, 2004).
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285. Tomlinson, Globalization, 9.
286. Tsing, "Global Situation"; Roland Robertson, "Religion and the Global Field," Social Compass 41, no. 1 (1994): 129.
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288. "Anglican Mission in America Gaining Support," Living Church 221, no. 13 (2003): 6.
289. All these names are pseudonyms for the posters' user IDs.
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291. Roxanne Lynn Doty, Imperial Encounters: The Politics of Representation in North-South Relations (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996). 4.
292. David Spurr, The Rhetoric of Empire: Colonial Discourse in Journalism, Travel Writing, and Imperial Administration (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1993).
293. Theodore Dalrymple, "Straight and Narrow: It's the Church's Children That Have Kept the Faith," Sunday Times (South Africa), August 23, 1998, accessed in private archive.
294. Doty, Imperial Encounters, 79-98.
295. Dipesh Chakrabarty, Provincializing Europe (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000).
296. Bruno Latour, We Have Never Been Modern (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993). 71.
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298. Doty, Imperial Encounters, 88, 110.
299. Christine Leigh Heyrman, Southern Cross: The Beginnings of the Bible Belt (New York: Knopf, 1997). 49.
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306. LeBlanc, "Africans Strengthen."
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309. Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism: Embattled and Thriving (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1998), 190-94.
310. Spurr, Rhetoric of Empire, 134.
311. Jan Nunley, "Rosemont Confirmation Attracts Opposites in Faith," Episcopal News Service, December 1, 2000, http://www.episcopalchurch.org/ens/2000-221.html (accessed August 27, 2002).
312. AMiA, "Anglican Mission."
313. Irene Tumwine, "Africa Evangelizes Europe," New Vision (Kampala), July 19, 1998.
314. I suspect the rise of e-mail "Nigerian scams" has served to further weaken African credibility in the United States.
315. Wetzel, "There Is No Deadlock."
316. Alexander Muge, "A Tale of Two Cultures," St. Andrew's Messenger, St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, Fort Worth, Texas, vol. 10, no. 1 (June 1, 1998), accessed in private archive. The final sentence was in boldface in the original.
317. Theodora Brooks, "An African Priest Comments on Lambeth," Episcopal New Yorker, October-November 1998, 3.
318. Doty, Imperial Encounters, 162.
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324. Christopher Ssenyonjo, "I Have Never Been Homosexual," New Vision (Kampala), May 9, 2001.
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326. "The truth is so much more interesting: secret societies have not had power in history, but the notion that secret societies have had power in history has had power in history." John Crowley, Aegypt (New York: Bantam Books, 1987), 388.
327. "An Allegation Revisited: Were African Votes 'Bought'?," Christian Challenge, November 1998, 9-10.
328. "Scottish Bishop," Scotsman (UK).
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330. Andrew Carey, "Myths and Rumours," Church of England Newspaper, July 17, 2003, 8.
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335. William Atwood, "EKKLESIA General Secretary says sexual compromises undermines evangelism," Virtuosity Digest 2003-47, June 23-26, 2003.
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341. Ian Douglas and Kwok Pui-Lan, eds., Beyond Colonial Anglicanism (New York: Church Publishing Incorporated, 2003).
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346. Spurr, Rhetoric of Empire, 88-89.
347. Robert W. Strayer, The Making of Missions Communities in East Africa: Anglicans and Africans in Colonial Kenya, 1875-1935 (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1977). 59 158.
348. Erica Bornstein, "Child Sponsorship, Evangelism, and Belonging in the Work of World Vision Zimbabwe," American Ethnologist 28, no. 3 (2001): 595-622.
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350. Mauss, The Gift, 73.
351. Ssenyonjo, "I Have Never."
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355. Tom Malti, "Churches Refuse Funding over Gay Issue," Virtuosity Digest, April 18, 2004.
356. David Virtue, "Uganda to Roskam: Thanks but No Thanks," Virtuosity Digest, June 14, 2004.
357. David Virtue, "Uganda Primate Says All ECUSA Funding Is Being Rejected," Virtuosity Digest, September 7, 2004; Malti, "Churches Refuse."
358. Daly, "Church at Risk," 9.
359. Coleman, Globalisation, 59-60.
360. Ian T. Douglas and Julie Wortman, "Lambeth 1998: A Call to Awareness," Witness, September-October 1998, 24-25.
361. Peacock, Global Identity.
362. Philip Jenkins, "The Next Christianity," Atlantic Monthly, October 2002: 53-68.
363. Ian Douglas, "Book Review: The Next Christendom," The World & I (n.d., 2003), http://www.townhall.com/bookclub/jenkins.html (accessed November 5, 2003).
364. Jenkins, Next Christendom, 4.
365. Alister McGrath, "A Lecture to the 'Future of Anglicanism' Conference, Oxford, UK," July 8, 2002, http://www.americananglican.org/Issues/Issues.cfm?ID=401&c=16 (accessed November 4, 2003).
366. David Virtue, "Opening Comments," Virtuosity Digest, December 18, 2002.
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368. Robert Sanders, "A Word from the South," Virtuosity Digest, January 21, 2003.
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370. Doug LeBlanc, "What in the World is God Doing?" (August 3, 2003), http://www.anglican.tk/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=265 (accessed February 8, 2004).
371. "Looming Schism: Anglican Split Is between First, Third Worlds," Dallas Morning News, October 8, 2003: 20A.
372. For an evaluation of Jenkins's political conclusions, see Shah, "The Bible and the Ballot Box."
373. Jenkins, Next Christendom, 103-4.
374. Jenkins, Next Christendom, 13-14.
375. Harvey, Condition of Postmodernity; Giddens, Consequences of Modernity.
376. Walter Cronkite, "Eric Sevareid," All Things Considered, February 12, 2004, http://www.npr.org/news/specials/cronkite/ (sound file, accessed April 10, 2004).
377. Atwood, "Primates in Canterbury."
378. Anglican Communion News Service, "Lambeth Commission Tackles Tensions in the Church," ACNS 3781, February 16, 2004, http://www.anglicancom munion.org/acns/articles/37/75/acns3781.cfm (accessed March 8, 2004).
379. Robin Eames, "Lecture 1: A Growing Reality" (paper presented as the 2005 Sprigg Lectures, Virginia Theological Seminary), Virginia Seminary Journal (February 2006): 4-12.
380. Donald Miller, "Emergent Patterns of Congregational Life and Leadership in the Developing World: Personal Reflections from a Research Odyssey" (Pulpit & Pew Reports, 2003, Duke University), 36.
381. W. Jenkins, "Episcopalians," 297.
382. Douglas, "Book Review."