The question of Zion

The Question of Zion

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages

  Rose, Jacqueline ^a  

^a NONE

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References (492)

1. Chris McGreal, "Act of Desperation or a Cynical Ploy?" Guardian, October 7, 2003.
2. Brian Whitaker, "Zionist Settler Joins Iraqi to Promote Trade," Guardian, October 7, 2003.
3. Adam Keller, "Conscientious Objectors-the Worst of Criminals: Report of the Court Session of December 23, 2003," Ha'aretz, December 24, 2003, Gush-Shalom (Israeli Peace Bloc), www.gush-shalom.org.
4. Gershom Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi: The Mystical Messiah 1626-1676 (Tel Aviv: Om Oved), trans. R.J.Z. Werblowsky, Littman Library of Jewish Civilisation (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973; Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975), p. 396.
5. Chaim Weizmann, "The Jewish People and Palestine" (statement before Palestine Royal Commission, Jerusalem, November 25, 1936) (Jerusalem: Office of Zionist Organization, 1936), p. 14.
6. Scholem, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism (1941) (New York: Schocken, 1955), p. 308.
7. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 691.
8. Weizmann, "The Jewish People and Palestine," p. 14.
9. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 94.
10. Scholem, "Toward an Understanding of the Messianic Idea in Judaism," in The Messianic Idea in Judaism and Other Essays (London: Allen and Unwin, 1971), pp. 16-17.
11. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 347.
12. Scholem, "Toward an Understanding of the Messianic Idea," p. 6.
13. Dangerous Liaison: Israel and America, directed by Nick Read, produced by George Carey and Eamon Matthews, written and presented by Jacqueline Rose (Channel 4 Television, August 24, 2002), transcript of interview with Aaron and Tamara Deutsch, p. 31.
14. Georges Bensoussan, Une histoire intellectuelle et politique du sionisme 1860-1940 (Paris: Fayard, 2002), p. 644
15. "No Place Like Home," Guardian, April 29, 2002
16. "Sharon Aims to Get 1 Million Jews to Move to Israel in Next Few Years," Ha'aretz, March 12, 2004.
17. Dangerous Liaison, transcript of interview with Aaron and Tamara Deutsch, pp. 10-11.
18. Daniel Ben Simon, "A Family in Morag Is Sure Sharon Has Been Beaten by the Settlers," Ha'aretz, April 30, 2004.
19. Doron Rosenblum, "Cashing In on Catastrophe," Ha'aretz, February 27, 2004.
20. Hartman, Israelis and the Jewish Tradition-the critique of messianism forms the starting point of Hartman's attempt to retrieve another Jewish spirit for modern-day Israel.
21. Arthur Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea (1959) (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1997), p. 100.
22. Scholem, "Toward an Understanding of the Messianic Idea," p. 9.
23. Aviezer Ravitsky, Messianism, Zionism and Jewish Religious Radicalism, trans. Michael Swirsky and Jonathan Chapman (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), p. 13.
24. Hannah Arendt, "Jewish History, Revised" (1947), in The Jew as Pariah: Jewish Identity and Politics in the Modern Age (New York: Grove Press, 1978), p. 97.
25. Arendt, "The Jewish State: Fifty Years After-Where Have Herzl's Politics Led?" (1946), in The Jew as Pariah, p. 167.
26. Shlomo Avineri, Moses Hess: Prophet of Communism and Zionism (New York: New York University Press, 1985), pp. 70-72.
27. Edward Said, "Zionism from the Standpoint of Its Victims," in The Question of Palestine (1979) (London: Vintage, 1992), p. 88.
28. J. L. Talmon, The Nature of Jewish History-Its Universal Significance (Jerusalem: Hillel Foundation, 1957), p. 11.
29. Daniel Barenboim, "The Jewish People Are on a Path Which Makes One Doubt That There Will Always Be a Jewish State in Israel," Emma Brockes, "Wake Up, Israel," extracts from Daniel Barenboim, A Life in Music, Guardian, September 6, 2002
30. Yaakov Perry,"If We Continue to Live by the Sword, We Will Continue to Wallow in the Mud and Destroy Ourselves," Chris McGreal, "Israel on Road to Ruin,Warn Former Shin Bet Chiefs," Guardian, November 15, 2003.
31. Sean O'Hagan, "The Sound and the Fury," Observer, June 20, 2002.
32. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 9.
33. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 689.
34. Theodor Herzl, Altneuland (1902), Old-New Land, Centenary [birth] Edition, trans. Paula Arnold (Haifa: Haifa Publishing Company, 1960).
35. Chaim Weizmann, "What Is Zionism?" (lecture to London University Zionist Society, March 21, 1909), in Letters and Papers, vol. 1, ser. B, ed. Barnett Litvinoff (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1983), p. 76.
36. Weizmann, "Zionist Policy" (address, September 21, 1919, London, British Zionist Federation), p. 18.
37. Weizmann to Gregory Lurie January 1, 1903, in Letters and Papers, vol. 2, ser. A, ed. Barnett Litvinoff (London: Oxford University Press, 1971), p. 145.
38. Weizmann, "Zionism Needs a Living Content" (Paris, March 28, 1914), in Letters and Papers, vol. 1, ser. B, p. 118.
39. Sigmund Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents (1930), in Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works, ed. James Strachey, vol. 21 (London: Hogarth, 1961), p. 144.
40. Scholem, "Toward an Understanding of the Messianic Idea," p. 2.
41. Weizmann, "Reminiscences of Fifty Years" (Jubilee Celebration of the First Zionist Congress, Basel, August 31, 1947), in Letters and Papers, vol. 2, ser. B, p. 657.
42. Weizmann, "A Vision of the Future" (New York, January 16, 1940), in Letters and Papers, vol. 2, ser. B, p. 392.
43. Jonathan Mahler, "Waiting for the Messiah of Eastern Parkway," New York Times Magazine, September 21, 2003.
44. Solomon Grayzel, A History of the Jews: From the Babylonian Exile to the Present (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1947), p. 512.
45. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 67.
46. Scholem, "Toward an Understanding of the Messianic Idea," p. 7 (my emphasis).
47. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 9.
48. Yitzhak Laor, "Before Rafah," London Review of Books, June 3, 2004, p. 18.
49. Uri Avnery, "A Maddened Cow," Gush-Shalom, July 6, 2002.
50. David Grossman, "The Pope's Visit to Israel" (March 2000), in Death as a Way of Life: Dispatches from Jerusalem, trans. Haim Watzman (London: Bloomsbury, 2003), p. 66.
51. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 29.
52. Scholem, Major Trends, p. 261.
53. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 34.
54. Hartman, Israelis and the Jewish Tradition, p. 32.
55. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 20.
56. Aaron David Gordon, "Our Tasks Ahead" (1920), in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, pp. 381, 369.
57. Abraham Isaac Kook, "Eretz Yisrael," in Orot Hakadesh (Jerusalem: Mosad Harav Kook, 1963), p. 9
58. Eliezer Schweid, The Land of Israel: National Home or Land of Destiny, trans. Deborah Greniman, Herzl Press Publication (New York: Associated University Presses, 1985), p. 177.
59. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 38.
60. Kook, "The War" (1910-30), from Orot (1942), in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p. 423.
61. Kook, "Lights for Rebirth" (1910-30), from Orot (1942), in ibid., p. 427.
62. Scholem, Major Trends, p. 288.
63. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 281.
64. Scholem, "Toward an Understanding of the Messianic Idea," pp. 18, 29.
65. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, pp. 40-41.
66. Scholem, Major Trends, p. 311
67. Sabbatai Sevi, p. 729.
68. Scholem, "Toward an Understanding of the Messianic Idea," pp. 11-12.
69. Scholem, Major Trends, pp. 315, 311.
70. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 227.
71. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 238.
72. Scholem, Major Trends, p. 315.
73. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, pp. 688-90.
74. Weizmann, Trial and Error: the Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949), p. 21.
75. Weizmann, "Reminiscences of Fifty Years," p. 658.
76. Amos Elon, Herzl (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1975), p. 9.
77. Herzl, June 17, 1895, The Complete Diaries of Theodor Herzl, ed. Raphael Patai, trans. Harry Zohn, 5 vols. (London: Herzl Press; New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1960), 1:114
78. Herzl, Tagebücher, 3 vols. (Berlin: Judischer Verlag, 1922-23).
79. Herzl, June 11, 1900, Complete Diaries, 3:960.
80. Herzl, June 16, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:105
81. Elon, Herzl, p. 2.
82. Herzl, "Address to Rothschilds," June 13, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:130
83. Elon, Herzl, p. 147.
84. Reuben Brainin, Chajen Herzl (Herzl's Life) (New York, 1919), 1:18
85. Elon, Herzl, p. 16.
86. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 164.
87. Herzl, June 7 and 8, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:38, 41
88. Elon, Herzl, p. 145.
89. Herzl also proclaimed to Moritz Güdemann', "I will make you the first bishop of the capital," June 7, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:37.
90. Elon, Herzl, p. 145.
91. Weizmann, Trial and Error, p. 61.
92. Herzl, August 18, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:232
93. Elon, Herzl, p. 227.
94. Ben-Gurion, Igrot (Letters), 1:20
95. Elon, Herzl, p. 402.
96. David Vital, The Origins of Zionism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975), p. 244.
97. Yerahmiel Domb, Ha-Homah (The Wall) (1975), pp. 94-95
98. Ravitsky, Messianism, Zionism, p. 73 (emphasis original).
99. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 93.
100. Ravitsky, Messianism, Zionism, p. 35.
101. Max Nordau, "Zionism" (1902), in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p. 242.
102. Herzl, Zionist Writings, trans. Harry Zohn, 2 vols. (London: Herzl Press, 1973-75), 1:132
103. Michael Berkowitz, Zionist Culture and West European Jewry before the First World War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
104. Yehudah Burla, exchange with Scholem in Davar, November-December 1929
105. David Biale, Gershom Scholem: Kabbalah and Counter-History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979), p. 177.
106. Ravitsky, Messianism, Zionism
107. Ehud Sprinzak, "Three Models of Religious Violence: The Case of Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel," in Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies and Militance, ed. Martin Murray and R. Scott Appleby (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993)
108. Schweid, The Land of Israel
109. Ian S. Lustick, "Jewish Fundamentalism and the Israeli-Pales-tinian Impasse," in Jewish Fundamentalism in Comparative Perspective: Religion, Ideology and the Crisis of Modernity, ed. Laurence J. Silberstein (New York: New York University Press, 1993).
110. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 498.
111. Biale, Gershom Sholem, p. 184.
112. Hartman, Israelis and the Jewish Tradition, p. 6.
113. Ravitsky, Messianism, Zionism, pp. 5-6.
114. Rabbi Shlomo Aviner, "Messianic Realism," in Whole Homeland: Eretz Israel Roots of the Jewish Claim (Jerusalem: Department for Torah Education and Culture in the Diaspora, World Zionist Organization, 1978), pp. 115-16
115. Lustick, "Jewish Fundamentalism," p. 112.
116. Sprinzak, "Three Models of Religious Violence," p. 474.
117. Yehuda Alkalai, "The Third Redemption" (1843), in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p. 105.
118. Hartman, Israelis and the Jewish Tradition, p. 149.
119. Gordon, cited in Schweid, The Land of Israel, p. 163.
120. Nadav Shragai, "This Land Is Our Land," Ha'aretz, June 25, 2004, p. 10.
121. Gordon, cited in Schweid, The Land of Israel, p. 167.
122. Weizmann, "The Jewish People and Palestine," p. 27.
123. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 46 (my emphasis).
124. Kalischer, cited in Ravitsky, Messianism, Zionism, p. 30.
125. David Ben-Gurion, Israel: A Personal History, trans. Nechemia Meyers and Uzy Nystar (London: New English Library, 1972), p. 818.
126. Weizmann, "Reminiscences," Czernowitz, December 12, 1927, in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p. 580.
127. Weizmann, Trial and Error, p. 63.
128. Weizmann, "The Cultural Question in Zionism" (speech to Fourth Zionist Congress, August 16, 1900), in Letters and Papers, vol. 1, ser. B, p. 3.
129. Weizmann, "Reminiscences," in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p. 578.
130. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 284.
131. Maurice Edelman, Ben-Gurion: A Political Biography (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1964), p. 33.
132. Scholem to Franz Rosenzweig, 1926, cited in Ravitsky, Messianism, Zionism, p. 35.
133. Declaration of Independence of the State of Israel, cited in Ben-Gurion, Israel, p. 81.
134. Rabbi Zvi Tau, cited in Ravitsky, Messianism, Zionism, p. 83.
135. Cited in Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 138.
136. Ben-Gurion, Israel, p. 24.
137. Scholem, "Toward an Understanding of the Messianic Idea," p. 35.
138. Avnery, "Children of Death" (June 14, 2003)
139. "The Murder of Arafat" (March 30, 2002), Gush-Shalom.
140. Ben-Gurion, Israel, pp. 25-26.
141. Kook, "Eretz Yisrael," cited in Schweid, The Land of Israel, p. 177.
142. Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, pp. 74-75.
143. Ben-Gurion, "The Forefathers of the Jewish Nation" (typescript, Jerusalem, 1950), p. 1.
144. Ben-Gurion, "Socialist Zionism," in Selections (New York: Labor Zionist Organization of America, Paole Zion, 1948), p. 27 (my emphasis).
145. Mitchell Cohen, Zion and State: Nation, Class and the Shaping of Modern Israel (Oxford: Blackwell, 1987), esp. pt. 3,
146. Avineri, "Israel in the Post-Ben-Gurion Ethic: The Nemesis of Messianism," Midstream, September 1965, p. 23
147. Ben-Gurion, "The State and the Future of Zionism" (address to the Zionist General Council, Jerusalem, 1950)
148. Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p. 79.
149. Ben-Gurion, "Science and Ethics: The Contributions of Greece, India and Israel," in Convocation Honoring Ben-Gurion (Waltham, Mass.: Brandeis University Publications, 1960), p. 11.
150. Scholem, "Toward an Understanding of the Messianic Idea," p. 15.
151. Nathan Shapira, The Goodness of the Land (1655)
152. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 74.
153. Ben-Gurion, "The New Tasks of World Zionism" (opening session of Zionist General Council [Actions Committee], Jerusalem, 1949) (London: Zionist Information Office, 1949), p. 1
154. "Principles for the Jewish State" (address to the Executive of Mapai, December 3, 1947), in Selections, p. 75.
155. Ben-Gurion, Israel, p. 41.
156. Nur Masalha, Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of "Transfer" in Zionist Political Thought, 1882-1948 (Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1992), p. 176.
157. Weizmann to Jewish Telegraphic Agency, quoted in Oskar K. Rabinowicz, Fifty Years of Zionism: A Historical Analysis of Dr. Weizmann's Trial and Error (London: Robert Anscombe, 1950), p. 80.
158. Aviner, "Messianic Realism"
159. Lustick, "Jewish Fundamentalism," p. 112.
160. Shragai, "This Land Is Our Land," p. 11.
161. Ben-Gurion, Israel, p. 46 (emphasis original).
162. Orit Shohat, "A Democratic, Not Demographic, Threat," Ha'aretz, July 23, 2004.
163. Neri Livneh, "How 90 Peruvians Became the Latest Jewish Settlers," Guardian, August 7, 2002.
164. Jonathan Lis, "Private Plan Would See New Jewish Neighbourhood South of Jerusalem," Ha'aretz, June 11, 2004.
165. W. R. Bion, "Group Dynamics: A Re-view," in New Directions in Psycho-Analysis: The Significance of Infant Conflict in the Pattern of Adult Behaviour, ed. Melanie Klein, Paula Heimann, and R. E. Money-Kyrle (1955) (London: Maresfield, 1977).
166. Israel Shahak and Norton Mezvinsky, Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel (London: Pluto, 1999)
167. Israel Shahak, Jewish History, Jewish Religion (London: Pluto, 1994).
168. Schweid, The Land of Israel, p. 198.
169. Scholem, Judaica, 3 vols. (Frankfurt, 1968-73), 1:146
170. Biale, Gershom Scholem, pp. 173-74.
171. Scholem, Walter Benjamin: The Story of a Friendship, trans. Harry Zohn (New York: Schocken, 1981), p. 172.
172. Scholem, "Three Sins of Brit Shalom," Davar, November 24, 1929, p. 2
173. Biale, Gershom Scholem, p. 177
174. Scholem, The Fullness of Time, trans. Richard Sieburth (Jerusalem: Ibis, 2003), pp. 87-89.
175. Benjamin Netanyahu, A Place among the Nations: Israel and the World (New York: Bantam, 1993), p. 364.
176. Netanyahu, A Place among the Nations, p. 364.
177. Scholem, "Toward an Understanding of the Messianic Idea," p. 36.
178. Scholem to Benjamin, in Walter Benjamin, p. 173.
179. Dangerous Liaison, transcript of interview with Yossi Beilin, p. 21.
180. Herzl, October 9, 1898, Complete Diaries, 2:702.
181. Herzl, Tagebücher, 1:98
182. Herzl, "Die arme Bevölkerung trachten wir unbemerkt über die Grenze zu schaffen," cited in Masalha, Expulsion of the Palestinians, p. 9.
183. Jonathan Sacks, The Dignity of Difference: How to Avoid the Clash of Civilisations (London: Continuum, 2002).
184. Herzl, Altneuland, p. 100.
185. Elon, Herzl, p. 7.
186. Herzl, Diaries, September 4, 1879
187. Elon, Herzl, pp. 44-45.
188. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, p. 127.
189. Herzl, June 16 and 2, 1895, Pentecost, Complete Diaries, 1:104, 3
190. Elon, Herzl, p. 3.
191. Elon, Herzl, p. 2.
192. Herzl, April 16, 1896, June 5, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:24, 33
193. Herzl, June 11, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:75
194. Weizmann, letter to Leo Motzkin, January 31, 1902, in Letters and Papers, vol. 1, ser. A, ed. Leonard Stein, in collaboration with Gedalia Yogev (London: Oxford University Press, 1968), p. 224.
195. Hess, Rome and Jerusalem (1862), in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p. 119.
196. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 407.
197. Vital, The Origins of Zionism, p. 269.
198. Arendt, "The Jewish State: Fifty Years After," p. 165.
199. Leon Pinsker, Auto Emancipation! An Appeal to His People by a Russian Jew (1882), in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p. 192.
200. A. D. Gordon, "Final Reflections" (1921), in ibid., p. 384.
201. Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Standard Edition, 4:48.
202. Arendt, "Zionism Reconsidered" (1944), in The Jew as Pariah, p. 138.
203. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 474.
204. Herzl, conversation with Maurice de Hirsch, June 2, 1895, Pentecost, Complete Diaries, 1:19
205. Tagebücher, 1:22
206. Elon, Herzl, p. 136.
207. Herzl to de Hirsch, June 3, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:27-28
208. Tagebücher, 1:33
209. Elon, Herzl, p. 137 (my emphasis).
210. Herzl to de Hirsch, June 3, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:27
211. Tagebücher, 1:32
212. Elon, Herzl, p. 143.
213. Amnon Raz-Krakotzkin, "Binationalism and Jewish Identity: Hannah Arendt and the Question of Palestine," in Hannah Arendt in Jerusalem, ed. Stephen E. Aschheim (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001), p. 169.
214. Martin Buber, "Zionism and 'Zionism' " (1948), in A Land of Two Peoples: Martin Buber on Jews and Arabs, ed. Paul Mendes-Flohr (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), p. 220.
215. Arendt, "Zionism Reconsidered," p. 146.
216. Martin Buber, "The Spirit of Israel and the World of Today" (1939), in On Judaism, ed. Nahum N. Glatzer (New York: Schocken, 1967), p. 185.
217. Buber, "Zionism and 'Zionism,' " p. 221.
218. Said, "Zionism from the Standpoint of Its Victims," p. 89 (emphasis original).
219. Buber, "Should the Ichud Accept the Decree of History?" (1949), in Mendes-Flohr, A Land of Two Peoples, p. 250.
220. David Grossman, "Death as a Way of Life" (May 2001), in Death as a Way of Life, p. 115.
221. Buber, "Politics and Morality" (1945), in Mendes-Flohr, A Land of Two Peoples, p. 172.
222. Freud, "The Dissection of the Psychical Personality," Lecture 31, in New Introductory Lectures (1933), Standard Edition, 22:80.
223. Jacques Lacan, "The Freudian Thing" (1955), in Ecrits: A Selection, trans. Alan Sheridan (London: Tavistock, 1977), pp. 128-29.
224. Buber, "The Spirit of Israel and the World of Today," p. 180 (my emphasis).
225. Hans Kohn, "Nationalism" (1921-22), in The Jew: Essays from Buber's Journal Der Jude, ed. Arthur A. Cohen, trans. Joachim Neugroschel (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1980), p. 27 (my emphasis).
226. Anson Rabinbach, In the Shadow of Catastrophe: German Intellectuals between Apocalypse and Enlightenment (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1977).
227. Arnold Zweig, The Face of East European Jewry, ed. and trans. Noah Isenberg (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2004), p. 11.
228. Buber, "The Meaning of Zionism" (1946), in Mendes-Flohr, A Land of Two Peoples, p. 183.
229. Buber, "Zionism and 'Zionism,' " p. 222.
230. Herzl to de Hirsch, June 3, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:27
231. Elon, Herzl, p. 137.
232. Weizmann, Trial and Error, p. 418
233. "On World Citizenship and Nationalism" (Prague, March 27, 1912), in Letters and Papers, vol. 1, ser. B, pp. 89, 91
234. "The Jewish People and Palestine," p. 12;
235. "States Are Not Given" (address at UPA Campaign Banquet, London, January 28, 1948), in Letters and Papers, vol. 1, ser. B,, p. 687. (My emphasis throughout.)
236. Hans Kohn, "Zionism Is Not Judaism" (1929), in Mendes-Flohr, A Land of Two Peoples, p. 98.
237. Buber, "Our Reply" (response to an attack by the clandestine military group, the Irgun, in their underground publication, Herut [Freedom] on Buber's organization, the Ichud, 1945), in Mendes-Flohr, A Land of Two Peoples
238. "Should the Ichud Accept the Decree of History?" pp. 178, 248.
239. Kohn, "Zionism Is Not Judaism," p. 99.
240. Kohn, "Zionism," in Living in a World Revolution: My Encounters with History (New York: Trident, 1964), p. 48
241. Kohn, "Nationalism," pp. 30, 96.
242. Hermione Lee, Virginia Woolf (London: Chatto, 1996), p. 510.
243. Kohn, "Nationalism," p. 26.
244. Freud, The Future of an Illusion (1927), Standard Edition, 21:18.
245. Judah Leon Magnes, "Like All the Nations?" (1930), in Mendes-Flohr, A Land of Two Peoples, p. 447.
246. Freud, The Future of an Illusion, p. 34
247. Kohn, "Nationalism," p. 27.
248. Edward Said, Freud and the Non-European (London: Verso and the Freud Museum, 2003).
249. Kohn, "Nationalism," p. 27.
250. Leon Pinsker, Auto Emancipation!, in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, pp. 184, 194.
251. Buber, "Should the Ichud Accept the Decree of History?" p. 250 (my emphasis).
252. Arendt, "Zionism Reconsidered," p. 156.
253. Dangerous Liaison, transcript of interview with Ramadan Safi, p. 5.
254. Noam Chomsky, Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel and the Palestinians (1993; rev. ed., London: Pluto, 1999).
255. Talmon, Israel among the Nations, pp. 102-3.
256. Arendt, "Zionism Reconsidered," p. 141.
257. Tom Nairn, "Out of the Cage," London Review of Books, June 24, 2004, p. 14.
258. Kohn, "Nationalism," p. 30.
259. Arendt, "To Save the Jewish Homeland-There Is Still Time" (May 1948), in The Jew as Pariah, p. 187.
260. Ronit Chacham, Breaking Ranks: Refusing to Serve in the West Bank and Gaza Strip (New York: Other Press, 2003), p. 60.
261. McGreal, "Israel on Road to Ruin."
262. Gideon Levy, "I Punched an Arab in the Face," Ha'aretz, November 21, 2003, p. 7.
263. Ze'ev Schiff, "Crazy after All These Years," Ha'aretz, March 26, 2003.
264. Colin Urquhart, "Hamas Barrage Follows Israeli Raid," Guardian, October 22, 2003.
265. Ari Shavit, "On the Eve of Destruction" (interview with Avraham Burg), Ha'aretz, November 14, 2003, p. 4.
266. Kohn, "Nationalism," p. 20.
267. Jonathan Spyer, "Israel's Demographic Timebomb," Guardian, January 14, 2004.
268. Ilan Pappe, "Encountering Nationalism: The Urge for Cohabitation," in A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 116.
269. Susan Lee Hattis, The Bi-National Idea in Palestine during Mandatory Times (Tel Aviv: Shikmona Press, 1970).
270. Hattis, The Bi-National Idea, p. 316.
271. Peter Hirschberg, "One-State Awakening," Ha'aretz, December 12, 2003, p. 14.
272. N. de M. Bentwich, Ahad Ha'am and His Philosophy (Jerusalem: Keren Hayesod [Palestine Foundation Fund] and the Keren Kayemeth Le-Israel, 1927), p. 22.
273. Kohn, "Zionism Is Not Judaism," p. 99.
274. Ahad Ha'am to Weizmann, quoted in Yosef Gorny, Israel and the Arabs 1882-1948: A Study of Ideology (Oxford: Clarendon, 1987), p. 63.
275. Steven J. Zipperstein, Elusive Prophet: Ahad Ha'am and the Origins of Zionism, Jewish Thinkers, gen. ed. Arthur Hertzberg (London: Peter Halban, 1993), p. 57.
276. Bentwich, Ahad Ha'am, p. 5
277. Zipperstein, Elusive Prophet, p. xxiii
278. Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p. 250.
279. Zipperstein, Elusive Prophet, p. 196.
280. Ahad Ha'am, "The Truth from Palestine," cited in ibid., p. 61.
281. Kohn, "Zionism," p. 54.
282. Ahad Ha'am, "The Wrong Way" (1889), Nationalism and the Jewish Ethic: Basic Writings of Ahad Ha'am, ed. and introd. Hans Kohn (New York: Schocken, 1962), p. 35.
283. Ahad Ha'am, "Positive and Negative," in Selected Essays, trans. Leon Simon (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1912), p. 52.
284. Scholem to Benjamin, August 1, 1931, in Walter Benjamin, p. 173.
285. Ahad Ha'am, "Moses" (1904), in Essays, Letters, Memoirs, trans. and ed. Leon Simon, East West Library (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1946), p. 327
286. Leora Batnitzky, Idolatry and Representation: The Philosophy of Franz Rosenzweig Reconsidered (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000).
287. Ahad Ha'am, "Moses," p. 323.
288. Magnes, "Like All the Nations?" p. 447
289. Arendt, "Zionism Reconsidered," pp. 171, 166.
290. Herzl to Güdemann', June 16, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:112.
291. Herzl, The Jewish State: An Attempt at a Modern Solution of the Jewish Question (1896), trans. Sylvie D'Avigdor, 2nd ed. (London: Central Office of the Zionist Organisation, 1934), p. 20.
292. Herzl, conversation with de Hirsch, June 2, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:21.
293. Ahad Ha'am, "The Wrong Way," p. 40.
294. Ahad Ha'am, "A Spiritual Centre" (1907), in Essays, Letters, Memoirs, p. 205.
295. Ahad Ha'am, "Two Masters," in Selected Essays, p. 100.
296. Ahad Ha'am, "A Spiritual Centre," p. 206.
297. Ahad Ha'am, "Past and Future" (1891), in Selected Essays, p. 87.
298. Frédéric Paulhan, L'activité mentale et les éléments de l'esprit (Paris: Felix Alcan, 1889), pt. 3
299. "Synthèses générale-la formation de la personnalité-Darwin," p. 484.
300. Paulhan, Les mensonges du caractère (Paris: Felix Alcan, 1905), p. 107.
301. Ahad Ha'am, "Two Masters," p. 91.
302. Siegfried Lehmann, "Zionism and Irrationality," in Shorashim (Roots) (1943), cited in Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 777.
303. Ahad Ha'am, "Two Masters," p. 99.
304. Robert Louis Stevenson, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1881) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 61.
305. Lacan, "Intervention on Transference" (1951), in Feminine Sexuality: Jacques Lacan and the Ecole Freudienne, ed. Juliet Mitchell and Jacqueline Rose, trans. Jacqueline Rose (London: Macmillan, 1982), p. 72.
306. Chisin, February 10, 1882, A Palestine Diary: Memoirs of a Bilu Pioneer 1881-1887 (New York, 1976)
307. Josef Frankel, Prophecy and Politics: Socialism, Nationalism and the Russian Jews 1862-1917 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), p. 92.
308. Dangerous Liaison, typescript of interview with Aaron and Tamara Deutsch, p. 6.
309. Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi, Zakhor: Jewish History and Jewish Memory (1982) (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996), p. 8.
310. Dangerous Liaison, interview with Aaron and Tamara Deutsch, p. 12.
311. Shragai, "This Land Is Our Land," p. 10.
312. Ahad Ha'am, "Imitation and Assimilation" (1893), in Selected Essays, pp. 107-8.
313. Ahad Ha'am, "A Spiritual Centre," p. 203.
314. Ahad Ha'am, "Imitation and Assimilation," p. 112.
315. Ahad Ha'am, "Moses," p. 315.
316. Kohn, "Nationalism," p. 27.
317. Weizmann, "A Vision of the Future," p. 389.
318. Ahad Ha'am, "Ancestor Worship," in Selected Essays, p. 208.
319. Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, p. 68; translation taken here from the Oxford University Press edition (1999), trans. Joyce Crick, p. 58.
320. Ahad Ha'am, "Ancestor Worship," p. 209.
321. Levy, "I Punched an Arab in the Face," p. 6.
322. McGreal, "Israel on Road to Ruin"
323. Amir Oren, "The Fire Next Time," Ha'aretz, March 26, 2004.
324. In addition to Ronit Chacham, Breaking Ranks
325. Refusenik! Israel's Soldiers of Conscience, ed. Peretz Kidron (New York: Zed, 2004).
326. Aviv Lavie, "Hebron Diaries," Ha'aretz, June 18, 2004, p. 10
327. Yitzhak Laor, "In Hebron," London Review of Books, July 22, 2004.
328. Moshe Nissim, "I Made Them a Stadium in the Middle of the Camp," Yediot Aharanot, May 31, 2002, Gush-Shalom, June 17, 2002, p. 5.
329. Chacham, Breaking Ranks, p. 60.
330. Gordon, "Some Observations" (1911), in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p. 377.
331. Buber, "Politics and Morality," p. 171.
332. Arendt, "The Jewish State: Fifty Years After," p. 175.
333. Dangerous Liaison, typescript of interview with Naomi Chazan, p. 28.
334. Buber, "And If Not Now, When?" (1932), in Mendes-Flohr, A Land of Two Peoples, p. 104.
335. Marc H. Ellis, Israel and Palestine Out of the Ashes: The Search for Jewish Identity in the Twenty-First Century (London: Pluto, 2002), pp. 35, 138.
336. Herzl, June 12, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:83.
337. Steven Beller, Vienna and the Jews, 1867-1938: A Cultural History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), p. 195.
338. Elon, Herzl, p. 129.
339. Herzl, draft of speech to Rothschilds, June 13, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:171
340. Elon, Herzl, p. 148.
341. Herzl, October 8, 1898, Complete Diaries, 2:694-95
342. Tagebücher, 2:152
343. Elon, Herzl, p. 277.
344. Elon, Herzl, p. 115.
345. Herzl, Pentecost, June 2, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:7
346. Elon, Herzl, p. 115.
347. Herzl, Pentecost, June 2, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:10.
348. Herzl, The Jewish State, p. 20.
349. Herzl to Güdemann', June 16, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:110
350. June 19, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:118.
351. Elon, Herzl, p. 193.
352. Herzl, April 23 and 25, 1896, Complete Diaries, 1:334-35, 337.
353. Elon, Herzl, p. 301.
354. P. M. Nevlinski reporting the sultan, April 23, 1896, Complete Diaries, 1:118
355. Elon, Herzl, p. 200.
356. Herzl, The Jewish State, p. 24
357. "Address to Rothschilds," June 15, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:180.
358. Ahad Ha'am, "Two Masters," p. 104.
359. Ahad Ha'am, "Progress and Anti-Semitism" (1898), in Essays, Letters, Memoirs, p. 210.
360. Weizmann, Trial and Error, p. 47.
361. Herzl, Pentecost, 1895, Complete Diaries, 1:9
362. Elon, Herzl, p. 121.
363. Ahad Ha'am, "Progress and Anti-Semitism," p. 209.
364. Kohn, "Nationalism," p. 26.
365. Herzl, The Jewish State, p. 26 (my emphasis).
366. Heinrich Graetz, History of the Jews vol. 11 (1856-76)
367. Elon, Herzl, p. 40 (my emphasis).
368. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 781.
369. Ben-Gurion, "Imperatives of the Jewish Revolution" (1944), in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p. 690.
370. Ben-Gurion, Israel, p. 80.
371. Edward Said, "Bases for Coexistence" (1997), in The End of the Peace Process: Oslo and After (London: Granta, 2000).
372. Chris McGreal, " 'I can't imagine anyone who considers himself a human being can do this,' " Guardian, July 28, 2003.
373. Herzl, Altneuland, p. 29.
374. David Grossman, "Suddenly Human Contact" (1993), in Death as a Way of Life, p. 2.
375. Yossi Safed, "The Night of the Broken Clubs," Ha'aretz, May 4, 1989
376. Ellis, Israel and Palestine Out of the Ashes, p. 39.
377. Ben-Gurion, "Imperatives of the Jewish Revolution," p. 609 (my emphasis).
378. Ben-Gurion, Israel, p. xx.
379. Ben-Gurion, Israel, p. 72 (my emphasis).
380. Pappe, The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1947-1951 (New York: St. Martin's, 1992), chap. 1, "The Diplomatic Battle."
381. Alan Reich, "Cries of Pain from Jenin," Jewish Quarterly 195 (Autumn 2004).
382. Weizmann, "Zionist Policy," pp. 22, 7, 10.
383. Weizmann, "The Jewish People and Palestine," p. 27.
384. Alkalai, "The Third Redemption," p. 105.
385. Weizmann, "Zionist Policy," p. 13.
386. Ben-Gurion, Israel, p. 43.
387. Weizmann, "Awaiting the Shaw Report" (1930), Paper 116, in Letters and Papers, vol. 1, ser. B, p. 591
388. Weizmann to Jan Smuts, February 26, 1943, in Richard Stevens, Weizmann and Smuts: A Study in Zionist-South African Cooperation (Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1975), app. 1, p. 117
389. "Awaiting the Shaw Report," p. 598.
390. Weizmann, "A Vision of the Future," p. 389.
391. Weizmann, "Zionist Policy," p. 11.
392. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 56.
393. Y. H. Brenner, "Hu amar la" ("He told her"), in Kol kitvei, 6:29-33
394. Anita Shapira, Land and Power: The Zionist Resort to Force 1881-1948 (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 38.
395. Avi Shlaim, "The War of the Israeli Historians" (typescript of a talk at Georgetown University, December 1, 2003).
396. Avi Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World (New York: Norton; London: Allen Lane, 2000).
397. Dangerous Liaison, transcript of interview with Benjamin Netanyahu, p. 11.
398. Shlaim, "The War of the Israeli Historians," p. 9.
399. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 778.
400. Laor, "In Hebron," p. 33.
401. Ze'ev Jabotinsky, "Affen Pripatchok" (Samson's last words to his friends in the novel Prelude to Delilah) , 1933, Jewish Herald, September 12, 1947, in The Political and Social Philosophy of Ze'ev Jabotinsky, ed. Mordechai Sarig, trans. Shimson Feder (London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1999), p. 30.
402. Netanyahu, A Place among the Nations, p. 366.
403. Netanyahu, Fighting Terrorism: How the Democracies Can Defeat Domestic and International Terrorists (London: Allison and Busby, 1996).
404. Dangerous Liaison, typescript of interview with Netanyahu, p. 6.
405. Netanyahu, A Place among the Nations, p. 365.
406. Grossman, "Two Years of Intifada" (2002), in Death as a Way of Life, p. 177.
407. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 836.
408. A. D. Gordon, "The Morning after the Debates on Voluntary Engagement" (1918)
409. Denis Charbit, Sionismes: Textes fondamentaux (Paris: Albin Michel-Menorah, 1998), pp. 577-78
410. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 541.
411. Tom Segev, One Palestine Complete: Jews and Arabs under the British Mandate (London: Little, Brown, 2000), p. 452.
412. Pappe, A History of Modern Palestine, pp. 134-35.
413. Berl Katznelson to Mordechai Kushnir, Jerusalem, June 1918, in Letters, 2:529
414. A. Shapira, Berl. The Biography of a Socialist Zionist: Berl Katznelson 1887-1944 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), p. 79.
415. Eliezer Steinmann, Meoraot (Tel Aviv, 1937), cited in ibid., p. 773.
416. Weizmann, Trial and Error, p. 30 (my emphasis).
417. Mirkin, cited in Marie Syrkin, Nachmann Syrkin (1900)
418. E. Luz, Parallels Meet: Religion and Nationalism in the Early Zionist Movement 1882-1904, trans. Lenn J. Schramm (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1988), p. 341.
419. Moshe Leib Lilienblum, "The Way of Return" (1881), in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p. 169 (my emphasis).
420. Bensoussan, Une histoire, pp. 642-43.
421. Yosef Gorny, Zionism and the Arabs: 1882-1948 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), pp. 61-62.
422. Jabotinsky, "For the Sin We Have Committed," Hayom, March 3, 1940, in The Political and Social Philosophy of Ze'ev Jabotinsky, p. 40.
423. Jonathan Spyer, "Waking from the Oslo Dream," Guardian, May 1, 2003.
424. Shragai, "This Land Is Our Land," p. 11.
425. Grossman, "Arafat Arrives in Gaza" (1994), in Death as a Way of Life, pp. 8, 10.
426. Lilienblum, "The Resurrection of Israel on the Land of ourFathers" (1884)
427. Charbit, Sionismes, pp. 19, 21
428. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 86.
429. Talmon, Israel among the Nations, pp. 9-10.
430. Sprinzak, "Three Models of Religious Violence," p. 480.
431. Ze'ev Smilansky, "From the Imaginary to Reality," HaOlam (1908)
432. Charbit, Sionismes, p. 366
433. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 552.
434. Ze'ev Jabotinsky, "The Morality of the Iron Wall" (1923)
435. Charbit, Sionismes, p. 545
436. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 457.
437. Oren Yiftachel, "Territory as the Kernel of the Nation: Space, Time and Nationalism in Israel/Palestine," Geopolitics 7, 2 (Autumn 2002).
438. Emanuele Ottolenghi, "Anti-Zionism Is Anti-semitism," Guardian, November 20, 2003.
439. Avner Azulay, "Report of the Pan-European Jewish Roundtable" (Canisy, Normandy, January 30-February 2, 2004), p. 10.
440. Daniel Ben-Simon, Gideon Levy, ibid., pp. 3, 29.
441. Uri Avnery, "Manufacturing Anti-Semites," Gush-Shalom, September 28, 2002.
442. Yitzhak Frankenthal, "A Father's Plea to His Nation," Guardian, August 7, 2002.
443. Shapira, Land and Power, p. 309.
444. Masalha, Expulsion of the Palestinians, p. 176.
445. Masalha, Expulsion of the Palestinians, pp. 178-79.
446. Ilan Pappe, The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1947-1951 (New York: Tauris, 2001), pp. 88-99
447. A History of Modern Palestine, pp. 129-31.
448. Baruch Kimmerling, Politicide: Ariel Sharon's War against the Palestinians (London: Verso, 2003), p. 25.
449. Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited (1987) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
450. Ari Shavit, "Survival of the Fittest," Ha'aretz, January 9, 2004
451. "The Judgement of History," Ha'aretz, January 16, 2004
452. Morris's reply, "I Do Not Support Expulsion," Ha'aretz, January 23, 2004.
453. Sara Roy, "Save Your Outrage for the End," Index on Censorship 3 (2003): 206.
454. David Grossman, See Under: Love, trans. Betsy Rosenberg (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989), p. 197.
455. Chacham, Breaking Ranks, p. 16.
456. Grossman, "The Holocaust Carrier Pigeon" (1995), in Death as a Way of Life, p. 13.
457. Ben-Gurion, Memoirs, 6:551 ff
458. Segev, One Palestine Complete, p. 395.
459. Nelly Wilson, Bernard Lazare: Antisemitism and the Problem of Jewish Identity in Late Nineteenth-Century France (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), p. 245 (my emphasis).
460. Grossman, See Under: Love, p. 357.
461. Avnery, "Masada," Gush-Shalom, April 30, 2002.
462. "Hafkidi, Metzada, al homotayikh" ("Place Masada, Guardsmen, upon Your Walls"), Ba-Ma'ale, March 31, 1942
463. Shapira, Land and Power, p. 315 (my emphasis).
464. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 787.
465. Grossman, See Under: Love, p. 25.
466. Lavie, "Hebron Diaries," p. 10.
467. Grossman, "The Holocaust Carrier Pigeon," p. 16.
468. "Report of the Pan-European Jewish Roundtable," p. 35.
469. Amir Ben-David, "In the Service of Refusal," Ha'aretz, October 1, 2004.
470. Grossman, See Under: Love, p. 67.
471. Roy, "Save Your Outrage for the End," pp. 208-9.
472. Avnery, "Revenge of a Child," Gush-Shalom, November 16, 2002.
473. Grossman, "Yes, Prime Minister" (1995), in Death as a Way of Life, p. 21
474. Joseph Eagle, "Apartheid Revisited," Guardian, July 24, 2002.
475. Lazare in Wilson, Bernard Lazare, p. 245.
476. Confronting Views: Nine Photographers on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, curated by Wim Melis (Groningen: Aurora Borealis, 2002).
477. Sara Roy, "The Revenge Must Stop" (unpublished, 2002)
478. Ellis, Israel and Palestine Out of the Ashes, p. 166.
479. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 773.
480. Micah Joseph Berdichevski, "In Two Directions" (1900-1903), in Hertzberg, The Zionist Idea, p. 295.
481. Weizmann, "The Ben-Gurion-Weizmann Controversy" (arguments delivered at private meeting, New York, June 27, 1942), in Letters and Papers, vol. 2, ser. B, pp. 492-93.
482. Bensoussan, Une histoire, p. 806.
483. Ronit Chacham, Breaking Ranks, "Introduction: Landmarks in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict," p. 8.
484. Lavie, "Hebron Diaries," p. 10.
485. Chacham, Breaking Ranks, p. 27.
486. Ben-Gurion, Israel, p. 64 (emphasis original).
487. Hartman, Israelis and the Jewish Tradition, p. 17.
488. Shapira, Land and Power, p. 90.
489. Ben-Gurion, Israel, p. 792.
490. Buber, "Should the Ichud Accept the Decree of History?" p. 251.
491. Scholem, "Encounter with Zion and the World (Decline)," in The Fullness of Time, pp. 87-89.
492. Azulay, "The Second Pan-European Jewish Roundtable," p. 10.