Platonic noise

Platonic Noise

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages

  Euben, Peter J ^a  

^a NONE

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References (304)

1. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000. Page references appear in the text.
2. I would dissociate myself from some of what Roth says about Greek tragedy, but that is not really the point.
3. The novel's view of race is consistently provocative, even or especially when it remains ambivalent. Far less can be said for its view of gender, which is clearer and more problematic.
4. The mirror image is Toni Morrison's claim in the New Yorker that Clinton was coded black by the Christian right: African-American men seemed to understand it right away. Years ago, in the middle of the Whitewater investigation, one heard the first murmurs: white skin notwithstanding, this is our first black President. Blacker than any actual black person who could ever be elected in our children's lifetime. After all, Clinton displays almost every trope of blackness: single-parent household, born poor, working class, saxophone-playing, Mc- Donald's-and-junk-food-loving boy from Arkansas. And when . . . the President's body, his privacy, his unpoliced sexuality became the focus of the persecution, when he was metaphorically seized and body-searched, who could gainsay these black men who knew whereof they spoke? The message was clear: No matter how smart you are, hard you work . . . we will put you in your place or put you out of the place you have somehow, albeit with our permission, achieved. . . . Unless you do as we say (i.e., assimilate at once) your expletives belong to us.
5. The first part of the definition of the human stain comes from Faunia, Coleman's lover, who has been molested and brutalized for much of her life. The second and third aspects are presented by the narrator.
6. Again, the narrator is somewhat distant from what is said, and given the crudity of the conversation we, though not Roth, may be further from it still.
7. Richard Posner, An Affair of State: The Investigation, Impeachment, and Trial of President Clinton (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000).
8. In Jean-Pierre Vernant and Pierre Vidal-Naquet, Tragedy and Myth in Ancient Greece, quoted in BernardWilliams, Shame and Necessity (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993), 19.
9. In The Greek City from Homer to Alexander, ed. Oswyn Murray and Simon Price (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), 1-24.
10. Pratap Bhanu Mehta,"Cosmopolitanism and the Circle of Reason," Political Theory 28, no. 5 (October 2000): 631.
11. Murray and Price, The Greek City, 4-5.
12. Donna Haraway, Primate Visions: Gender, Race and Nature in the World of Modern Science (London: Verso, 1989).
13. Quoted by Gabriel Josipovici, "The Second Adams," Times Literary Supplement, April 13, 2001, 27.
14. "Rorty on Gadamer," London Review of Books, March 16, 2000, 25.
15. Jonathan Lear, Open Minded: Working Out the Logic of the Soul (Cambridge: Harvard University Press), 50-51.
16. I take some of the language from Josiah Ober, Political Dissent in Democratic Athens (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998).
17. Assertions about "origins" and "TheWest" can no longer be made unproblematically.
18. I take this story from Mel Gordon, "Noise Sound Creation in the Nineteenth Century," in Wireless Imagination: Sound, Radio and Avant Garde, ed. Douglas Kaplan and Gregory Whitehead (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1992).
19. The December 21, 1997, front page of the San Francisco Chronicle, in a story opposite one about organ transplants, quoted the complaint by astronomers that a sky full of noise was jamming their radio telescopes. The booming use of cellular phones, radios, pagers, communication satellites, and wireless links to the WorldWideWeb was flooding the atmosphere, making it more and more difficult to study "galaxy-gobbling black holes, hellfire-spewing stars and perhaps intelligent beings."
20. Michael Valdez Moses, "Lust Removed from Nature," in New Essays on White Noise, ed. Frank Lentricchia (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 64.
21. Daniel Breazeale in Untimely Meditations (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997);
22. Foucault"s "use" of Nietzsche in "Nietzsche, Genealogy, History," in Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews, ed. Donald Bouchard (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1977), 139-64, esp. 95-97.
23. Joel Whitebrook argues that "utopia has been exhausted as a project and discredited as a body of thought." Perversion and Utopia (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995), 76.
24. Breazeale, Untimely Meditations, xliv.
25. Milan Kundera, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting (New York: Knopf, 1980), 91.
26. Joan Wallach Scott, "After History?" Common Knowledge 5, no. 3 (Winter 1996): 9-26.
27. The significance of historical contextualization, the way it generates shifting perspectives and precludes moralistic condemnations, is suggested by Dan Fowler in a review of a recent book on classical scholarship. "It is an irony," he writes, that "one of the reasons that Classical philology made this attempt at objectivity was to free itself from Victorian and Edwardian moralizing, so as to be able to examine "coolly" and "historically" phenomena such as same-sex relationships in Sappho without Christian prejudice." He adds that the professionalization of classics now under attack was driven by younger scholars who were tired of raptures about "The Greek Spirit." "Expertise and Experience," Times Literary Supplement, October 24, 1997, 33.
28. Peter Dews, The Limits of Disenchantment (London: Verso, 1995), chap. 1.
29. Wolin develops the idea in Hobbes and the Epic Tradition of Political Theory (William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, University of California, Los Angeles, 1970).
30. "Politics as a Vocation," in From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, ed. H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (New York: Oxford University Press, 1958).
31. Hannah Arendt, "The Crisis in Education," in Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought (New York: Viking, 1983), 196.
32. William Connolly "The Nobility of Democracy" in Vocations of Political Theory, ed. Jason A. Frank and John Tambornino (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000), 305-25. (The quotations are on 305-6.)
33. Hanna Pitkin, "Justice: On Relating Public and Private," Political Theory 9, no. 3 (August 1981): 327-52.
34. Shoshana Felman, Jacques Lacan and the Adventure of Insight: Psychoanalysis in Contemporary Culture (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987).
35. The essay is in Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought (New York: Penguin, 1968), 165.
36. Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958), 187 (HC).
37. Robert C. Pirro, Hannah Arendt and the Politics of Tragedy (DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2001).
38. Simon Goldhill, "Refracting Classical Vision: Changing Cultures of Viewing," in Visions in Context: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Sight, ed. Teresa Brennan and Martin Jay (New York: Routledge, 1996), l9.
39. Hannah Arendt, Men in Dark Times (New York: Harcourt Brace andWorld, 1968), 104 (MDT).
40. Hannah Arendt, The Life of the Mind, vol. 1, One Thinking (London: Secker and Warburg, 1978), 164 (LOM).
41. Sheldon Wolin, "Hannah Arendt: Democracy and the Political," Salmagundi 60 (1983): 3-19.
42. The Jew as Pariah, edited and with an introduction by Ron H. Feldman (New York: Grove Press, 1978).
43. Hannah Arendt, On Revolution (New York: Viking), 1963, 285 (OR).
44. Nietzsche's version of Silenus's wisdom and his remarks about Olympian gods can be found in "The Birth of Tragedy," in The Birth of Tragedy and the Case of Wagner, trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York: Vintage, 1967), 42 and 41, respectively.
45. The quotations are from her "Plain Words in Sophocles," in Sophocles Revisited: Essays Presented to Sir Hugh Lloyd-Jones, ed. Jasper Griffin (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 105.
46. Jacques Taminiaux, The Thracian Maid and the Professional Thinker: Arendt and Heidegger, trans. and ed. Michael Gendre (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997), 155.
47. The Heroic Temper: Studies in Sophoclean Tragedy (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1964), 155.
48. Sophie Mills, Theseus, Tragedy and the Athenian Empire (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 168.
49. Arendt also speaks about the dangers of the old dictating to the young and the past to the future. "The Crisis in Education," in Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought (New York: Penguin), 1968, 173-96.
50. C.M. Bowra, Sophoclean Tragedy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1945), 349.
51. Peter Burian, "Suppliant and Saviour: Oedipus at Colonus," Phoenix 28, no. 4 (Winter 1974): 408-29.
52. The quotation and argument are from Deborah Roberts, "The Frustrated Mourner: Strategies of Closure in Greek Tragedy," in Nomodeiktes, ed. Ralph M. Rosen and Joseph Farrell (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993), 573- 89.
53. Felman, Jacques Lacan, 142.
54. Bernard Williams, Shame and Necessity (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993), 158-59.
55. Jasper Griffin's "Sophocles and the Democratic City" in Sophocles Revisited, l89-90.
56. Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald, The Oedipus Cycle (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1958), 174.
57. "Thebes: Theater of Self and Society in Athenian Drama," in Greek Tragedy and Political Theory, ed. J. Peter Euben (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986), 121-22, 126.
58. On exclusivist Athenians' self-understanding, Carol Dougherty, "Democratic Contradictions and the Synoptic Illusion of Euripedes' Ion," in Demokratia: A Conversation on Democracies, Ancient and Modern, ed. Josiah Ober and Charles Hedrick (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996). Cf.
59. Barry Strauss, "The Melting Pot, the Mosaic and the Agora," in Athenian Political Thought and the Reconstruction of American Democracy, ed. J. Peter Euben et al. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994)
60. Laura Slatkin, "Oedipus at Colonus: Exile and Integration," in Euben, Greek Tragedy and Political Theory, 210-21.
61. Dana R. Villa, Arendt and Heidegger: The Fate of the Political (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996).
62. Blundell, "The Ideal of Athens," 298.
63. "Democratic Contradictions," 262.
64. Jean-Pierre Vernant and Pierre Vidal-Naquet, Tragedy and Myth in Ancient Greece (New York: Zone Books, 1988).
65. The phrases are from Jonathan Lear's Open Minded: Working Out the Logic of the Soul (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), 50.
66. George Kateb, Hannah Arendt, Politics, Conscience, Evil (Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld, 1984), 149.
67. Easterling, "Plain Words in Sophocles," 98-99, 101-2.
68. Rush Rehm, Greek Tragic Theater (London: Routledge, 1992), vii, 3-5.
69. Oddone Longo, "The Theater of the Polis,".
70. John J. Winkler, "The Ephebes Song: Tragoida and Polis," in Nothing To Do with Dionysos? Athenian Drama in Its Social Context, ed. John J. Winkler and Froma I. Zeitlin (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990), 12-19 and 20-61.
71. the introduction to Three Plays by Aristophanes: Staging Women, trans. and ed. Jeffrey Henderson (New York: Routledge, 1996), 5-7.
72. "Drama and Community: Aristophanes and Some of His Rivals," in Winkler and Zeitlin, Nothing to Do with Dionysos?, 237-70.
73. Thucydides 1.142, and Josiah Ober, Political Dissent in Democratic Athens: Intellectual Critics of Popular Culture (Princeton, NJ: Princeton, University Press, 1998), 135-40.
74. David Konstan, Greek Comedy and Ideology (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 8, 165-67.
75. Anthony Grafton "Beyond the Joke," Times Literary Supplement, April 10, 1998, 4-5.
76. Malcolm Heath (in Political Comedy in Aristophanes, [Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Reprecht, 1987]).
77. Stephen Halliwell, "Comic Satire and Freedom of Speech in Classical Athens," Journal of Hellenic Studies 111 (1991): 48-70.
78. Jeffrey Henderson, "The Demos and the Comic Competition," in Winkler and Zeitlin, Nothing To Do with Dionysos? 293-97.
79. Daphne ElizabethO"Regan, Rhetoric, Comedy, and the Violence of Language in Aristophanes" Clouds (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 132.
80. William Connolly, "Democracy and Territoriality," in The Rhetorical Republic: Governing Representations in American Politics, ed. Thomas Dumm and Frederick Dolan (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993), 249-74.
81. Henderson, Three Plays, introduction, 13.
82. "Comic Ridicule and Democracy," in Democratic Accounts (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), 69.
83. Henderson, Three Plays, introduction, 12.
84. Halliwell, "Comic Satire," 66.
85. Simon Goldhill, "Comic Inversion and Inverted Commas: Aristophanes and Parody," in The Poet"s Voice: Essays on Poetics and Greek Literature, ed. Simon Goldhill (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 167-222.
86. Henderson, "The Demos and Dramatic Competition," 307.
87. Anthony T. Edwards, "Aristophanes" Comic Poetics: TRUX, Scatology, Skomma," Transactions of the American Philological Association 121 (1991): 179.
88. Robert Wallace, "Poet, Public, and Theatrocracy: Audience Performance in Classical Athens," in Poets, Public and Performance in Ancient Greece, ed. Lowell Edmunds and Robert W. Wallace (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997).
89. George Lipsitz, Time Passages: Collective Memory and American Popular Culture (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1990).
90. Neil Postman, Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business (New York: Penguin, 1986), 92.
91. Jean-Pierre Vernant, The Origins of Greek Thought (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1982).
92. Robert Putnam, "Bowling Alone: America"s Declining Social Capital," Current, June 1995, 3-14.
93. Eric Barnouw, Tube of Plenty: The Making of American Television, rev. ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), 300.
94. Anne Norton"s Republic of Signs: Liberal Theory and American Popular Culture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), chap. 2.
95. Lipsitz, Time Passages, 4-5, 18.
96. Norton, Republic of Signs, 116.
97. Mark Danner, "The Shame of the Political TV," New York Review of Books, September 21, 2000, 101.
98. John F. Kennedy and Marc, Demographic Vistas, 133-34.
99. Jim Cullen, The Art of Democracy: A Concise History of Popular Culture in the United States (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1996), 278-79.
100. Pierre Bourdieu, "Sport and Social Class," in Rethinking Popular Culture: Contemporary Perspectives in Cultural Studies, ed. Chandra Mukerji and Michael Schudson (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1991), 357-73.
101. David Marc, Comic Visions: Television Comedy and American Culture (New York: Routledge, 1992), 204.
102. In Seducing America: How Television Charms the Modern Voter (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994).
103. Michael Ignatieff, "Is Nothing Sacred? The Ethics of Television," Daedalus 4 (1985): 70-71.
104. Sheldon W. Wolin, "Democracy without the Citizen," in The Presence of the Past (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989), 180-91.
105. Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000).
106. Lipsitz, Time Passages, 18.
107. Dana R. Villa, "Theatricality in the Public Realm of Hannah Arendt," in Public Space and Democracy, ed. Marcel Henaff and Tracy B. Strong (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001), 144-71.
108. Todd Gitlin"s discussion in the introduction to his edited book, Watching Television (New York: Pantheon, 1986).
109. Andrew Ross, No Respect: Intellectuals and Popular Culture (New York: Routledge, 1989).
110. John Corner, Television Form and Public Address (London: Edward Arnold, 1995).
111. Stuart Hall, "Notes on Deconstructing "the Popular," " in People"s History and Socialist Theory, ed. Raphael Samuel (London: Routledge, 1981)., and "Encoding and Decoding," in Culture, Media, Language, ed. Stuart Hall et al. (London: Hutchinson, 1980).
112. Stuart Hall, "Encoding and Decoding," in Culture, Media, Language, ed. Stuart Hall et al. (London: Hutchinson, 1980).
113. Gitlin "Blips, Bites and Savvy Talk: Television"s Impact on American Politics," Dissent 37, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 26.
114. For an example, Roger Sanjek, The Future of Us All: Race and Neighborhood Politics in New York City (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998).
115. Dolores Hayden, The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995).
116. George Lipsitz, Dangerous Crossroads: Popular Music, Postmodernism and the Poetics of Place (New York: Verso, 1994).
117. The Human Condition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958), esp. 192-99.
118. Goldhill G., "Comic Inversions and Inverted Commas,".
119. Nicole Loraux, The Invention of Athens: The Funeral Oration in the Classical City, trans. Alan Sheridan (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986), 302-11.
120. Marc D., Demographic Vistas, chap. 6, "What Was Broadcasting?" 65-66.
121. Karen Hudes, "It"s the Sitcom Cartoons That Have Character," New York Times, March 8, 1998, sec. 4, 36-37.
122. Konstan, Greek Comedy, 5.
123. Blaine Harden, "Ralph Had Dreams. Archie Had Opinions. Jerry Had Neuroses. But They All Told a Story about Life and Times in the Big Apple," Washington Post, May 14, 1998, sec. C, 1, 8.
124. Marc D., Demographic Vistas, 112;
125. Paul A. Cantor, "The Simpsons: Atomistic Politics and the Nuclear Family," Political Theory 27, no. 6 (December 1999): 734-49.
126. Jeff MacGregor, "More Than Sight Gags and Subversive Satire," New York Times, June 20, 1999, sec. 2, 97.
127. Paul A. Cantor, "In Praise of Television: The Greatest TV Show Ever ("The Simpsons")," American Enterprise 8, no. 5 (September-October 1997): 34- 37.
128. "The New Political Theater," Mother Jones, November-December 2000, 30-33.
129. Ober J., Political Dissent, chap. 2.
130. Charles McGrath, "No Kidding: Does Irony Illuminate or Corrupt?" New York Times, August 5, 2000, A15.
131. C.L.R. James, American Civilization, ed. and introduced by Anna Grimshaw and Keith Hart, with an afterword by Robert A. Hill (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1993), 123.
132. Stanley Cavell, "The Fact of Television," in Themes Out of School (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988).
133. Alexander Nehamas, "Plato and the Mass Media," in The Virtues of Authenticity: Essays on Plato and Aristotle (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999). For Nehamas, Plato accuses poetry of perverting its audience because it is essentially suited to the representation of inferior characters and vulgar subjects, both of which are easy to imitate and are what the already corrupt crowd wants to and hear. In these terms, reactions to poetry are transferred directly to the rest of life because we regard it as being as real as the world "outside" it. Only when we come to recognize it as an art form requiring interpretation does this duplicating function come to be seen as naive.
134. C.D.B. Bryan, Friendly Fire (New York: Putnam, 1976), 139-40.
135. Nicole Loraux, Mothers in Mourning, translated from the French by Corinne Pache (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998), 83-84.
136. Jackson Lears, "Looking Backward: In Defense of Nostalgia," Lingua Franca, December-January 1998, 59-66.
137. Peter Laslett, The World We Have Lost: England before the Industrial Age (New York: Scribner, 1965), 5.
138. Robert Wiebe, The Search for Order: 1877-1920 (New York: Hill & Wang, 1967), 12.
139. Judith Butler, The Psychic Life of Power: Theories in Subjection (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997), 139.
140. Seth Schein, The Mortal Hero: An Introduction to Homer's Iliad (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1984), 69.
141. Simon Goldhill, "Intimations of Immortality: Fame and Tradition from Homer to Pindar," in The Poet's Voice (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 76.
142. Schein S., The Mortal Hero, 72.
143. Laura Slatkin's "TheWrath of Thetis," Transactions of the American Philological Association 116 [1986]: 22.
144. Goldhill G., "Intimations of Immortality," 86.
145. Margaret Anne Doody, "Finales, Apocalypses, Trailings-off," Raritan 15, no. 3 (Winter 1996): 24-46.
146. Goldhill G., "Intimations of Immortality," 93-94.
147. Doody M.A., "Finales," 28-29.
148. The Complete Greek Tragedies, vol. 1, Sophocles, ed. David Grene and Richard Latimore, trans. with an introduction by David Grene, 2d ed (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
149. Blanco translation of Thucydides' The Peloponnesian War, ed. Walter Blanco and Jennifer Tolbert Roberts (New York: W. W. Norton, 1998).
150. Michael Janover, "Nostalgias," in Critical Horizons 1, no. 1 (February 2000): 113-33.
151. The Tragedy of Political Theory: The Road Not Taken (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990), chaps. 1 and 2.
152. Sheldon Wolin, Hobbes and the Epic Tradition of Political Theory (William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, University of California, Los Angeles, 1970), 4-5.
153. Sheldon Wolin's from Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought (Boston: Little, Brown, 1960), chap. 2.
154. Doody M.A., "Finales," 42-43.
155. J. H. Plumb, Renaissance Italy (New York: American Heritage, 1961).
156. The Portable Machiavelli, trans. and ed. Peter Bondanella and Mark Musa (New York: Penguin, 1980), 159. Hereafter, page references appear in the text.
157. Robert Hariman, Political Style: The Artistry of Power (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995).
158. The Discourses, esp. 297-99.
159. Claude Lefort, "Machiavelli: History, Politics, Discourse," in The States of "Theory": History, Art, and Critical Discourse, ed. with an introduction by David Carroll (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990), 113-24.
160. Lefort L., "Machiavelli," 138.
161. Sigmund Freud, "Mourning and Melancholia," in The Freud Reader, ed. Peter Gay (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 584-89.
162. Sigmund Freud has a quite different analysis in The Ego and the Id. On the significance of the differences, Butler, The Psychic Life of Power, 132-41.
163. Hannah Arendt, "What Is Authority?" in Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought (New York: Penguin, 1977), 120-21.
164. The Discourses 1:xi.
165. Lefort L., "Machiavelli," 124.
166. Marx M., "Manifesto of the Communist Party," in The Marx-Engels Reader, ed. Richard Tucker, 2d ed. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1978), 475-76.
167. Jonathan Dollimore, Death, Desire and Loss inWestern Culture (New York: Routledge, 1998).
168. Victor Nee, "A Theory of Market Transition: From Redistribution to Markets in State Socialism," American Sociological Review 54 (October 1989): 663- 81.
169. Global Dreams: Imperial Corporations and the New World Order, by Richard J. Barnet and John Cavanagh (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997).
170. "Newsreel History," London Review of Books, November 12, 1998, 8.
171. Elaine Showalter, "Foucault in America," Times Literary Supplement, November 28, 1997, 28.
172. the discussions in Simon Critchley, Very Little-Almost Nothing: Death, Philosophy, Literature (New York: Routledge, 1997), 2-3, 24.
173. Peter Green, Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1990), xxi. Green is ambivalent or perhaps coy about fulfilling the promise present in the quotation, for he goes on: "I have . . . steadfastly tried to avoid drawing such factitious parallels in my text, or coloring ancient phenomena with modern associations. . . . What this parallelism signifies I do not pretend to know, and think it wiser not to speculate; but it does suggest, forcibly, that there may indeed be something more in the Hellenistic age for concerned modern readers than mere antiquarian interest."
174. Ralf Dahrendorf, Betrachtunger über die Revolution in Europa (Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlag-Anstalt, 1990).
175. Pietr Sztompka, "Mistrusting Civility: Predicament of a Post-Communist Society," in Real Civil Societies: Dilemmas of Institutionalization, ed. Jeffrey C. Alexander (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998), 191.
176. William Connolly, "Democracy and Territoriality," in The Rhetorical Republic: Governing Representations in American Politics, ed. Thomas Dumm and Frederick Dolan (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993).
177. Richard Falk, "The Making of Global Citizenship," in Global Visions: Beyond the New World Order, ed. Jeremy Brecher, John Brown Childs, and Jill Cutler (Boston: South End Press, 1993).
178. Global Dreams: Imperial Corporations and the New World Order, ed. Richard J. Barnet and John Cavanagh (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994).
179. Mike Featherstone, "Global Culture: An Introduction," in his edited volume, Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1990).
180. John B. Thompson, The Media and Modernity: A Social History of the Media (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1995), 236.
181. Mary Beard, "An Open Forum? New Emphasis on the Place of the Citizen in the Roman Polity," Times Literary Supplement, May 29, 1999, 3-4.
182. Mary Beard, "Creed for Democrats," Times Literary Supplement, June 18, 1999, 8).
183. W. G. Runciman, "Doomed to Extinction: The Polis as an Evolutionary Dead-End," in The Greek State: From Homer to Alexander, ed. Oswyn Murray and Simon Price (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), 364.
184. Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 2d ed., 198.
185. Here and in general I owe a great deal to Ronnie Lipschutz's "Members Only? Citizenship and Civic Virtue in a Time of Globalization," International Politics 36 (June 1999): 203-33.
186. Jean-Pierre Vernant's The Origins of Greek Thought (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1962), 47-48, 51-52.
187. "The Battle of Salamis and the Origins of Political Theory," in my Corrupting Youth: Political Education, Democratic Culture and Political Theory (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997), 64- 90, as has Josiah Ober in many of his essays.
188. Nicole Loraux, The Invention of Athens: The Funeral Oration in the Classical City (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982).
189. Josiah Ober, The Athenian Revolution: Essays on Ancient Greek Democracy and Political Thought (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996), 35.
190. Josiah Ober, Political Dissent in Democratic Athens: Intellectual Critics of Popular Rule (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998), 6-7, 40-41, 368- 69.
191. J. Peter Euben, "Political Equality and the Greek Polis," in Liberalism and the Modern Polity: Essays in Contemporary Political Theory, ed. Michael J. Gargas McGrath (New York: Bael Marcel Dekker, 1978).
192. Ellen Wood, Peasant-Citizen and Slave: The Foundations of Athenian Democracy (London: Verso, 1988).
193. Josiah Ober, Athenian Revolution, 63.
194. M. I. Finley, "Aristotle and Economic Analysis," Past and Present 47 (1970): 3-25.
195. M. I. Finley, The Ancient Economy (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1973).
196. Karl Polanyi, "Aristotle Discovers the Economy," in Primitive, Archaic, and Modern Economics, ed. G. Dalton (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1968).
197. M. M. Austin and P. Vidal-Naquet, Economic and Social History of Ancient Greece (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1977).
198. Paul A. Rahe, "The Primacy of Politics in Classical Greece," American Historical Review 89, no. 2 (1989): 265-93;
199. Thomas J. Lewis, "Acquisition and Anxiety: Aristotle's Case against the Market," Canadian Journal of Economics 2 (1978): 70; and Trade and Market in Early Empires: Economies in History and Theory, ed. Karl Polanyi, C. Arensberg, and H. W. Pearson (Chicago: Free Press, 1957), 255; as well as Book 2 of the Politics and Books 5 and 6 of the Ethics.
200. Thomas J. Lewis, Trade and Market in Early Empires: Economies in History and Theory, ed. Karl Polanyi, C. Arensberg, and H. W. Pearson (Chicago: Free Press, 1957), 255;
201. Josiah Ober, Political Dissent, 303-4. None of this is to suggest that Aristotle was a democrat, though he is much less antidemocratic than is usually supposed.
202. Josiah Ober, Athenian Revolution, 11.
203. Erich S. Gruen, "The Polis in the Hellenistic World," in Nomodeiktes: Studies in Honor of Martin Ostwald, ed. Ralph M. Rosen and Joseph Farrell (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993).
204. Sheldon Wolin, Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation inWestern Political Thought (Boston: Little, Brown, 1960), chap. 3, "The Age of Empire: Space and Community".
205. T. A. Sinclair, A History of Greek Political Thought (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1967), chap. 12.
206. Sheldon Wolin, Politics and Vision, 83.
207. Josiah Ober, Political Dissent, 343.
208. Sheldon Wolin, Politics and Vision, 70.
209. André Laks and Malcolm Schofield, Justice and Generosity: Studies in Hellenistic Social and Political Philosophy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 1-17;
210. J. L. Moles, "The Cynics and Politics," in the same volume, 129-60.
211. Sinclair, History of Greek Political Thought, 246 ff.
212. Moles, "The Cynics and Politics," 143-44.
213. Malcolm Schofield, The Stoic Idea of the City (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 24.
214. Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 4.
215. Schofield's discussion of instrumental and substantive reason, The Stoic Idea, 93.
216. In de otio 4 (Schofield translation).
217. Epistulae Morales 1.
218. Of the Nature of Things 2.
219. A. A. Long, "Hellenistic Ethics and Political Power," in Hellenistic History and Culture, ed. Peter Green (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993), 143.
220. Malcolm Schofield, The Stoic Idea, epilogue.
221. Sheldon Wolin, Politics and Vision, 78-80.
222. Cultivating Humanity (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997).
223. Nussbaum's The Therapy of Desire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994).
224. For Love of Country: Debating the Limits of Patriotism, ed. Joshua Cohen (Boston: Beacon Press, 1996), 2-20.
225. For Love of Country, 13.
226. Nussbaum, Cultivating Humanity, 60.
227. Cultivating Humanity, 59, 60, 62.
228. For Love of Country, 7-9.
229. Bruce Robbins's "Introduction, Part I," in Cosmopolitics: Thinking and Feeling beyond the Nation, ed. Pheng Cheah and Bruce Robbins (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press), 1998.
230. Cultivating Humanity, 59.
231. Michael Walzer, "Spheres of Affection," in For Love of Country, 125.
232. Sheldon S. Wolin, Politics and Vision, 82.
233. Cheah and Robbins, Cosmopolitics, 6.
234. For Love of Country, 11.
235. Pratap Bhanu Mehta, "Cosmopolitanism and the Circle of Reason" Political Theory 28, no. 5 (October 2000): 631.
236. Amanda Anderson, "Cosmopolitanism, Universalism and the Divided Legacies of Modernity," in Cheah and Robbins, Cosmopolitics, 265-89.
237. Featherstone, "Global Culture," 12.
238. Kwame Anthony, "Cosmopolitan Roots," in Cheah and Robbins, Cosmopolitics, 91-114;
239. Christopher Lasch's, The World of Nations: Reflections on American History, Politics, and Culture (New York: Knopf, 1973);
240. Veit Bader, "For Love of Country," a review essay in Political Theory 27, no. 3 (Fall 1999): 379-97.
241. Jürgen Habermas, "Remarks on Legitimation," Philosophy and Social Criticism 24, nos. 2-3 (1998): 162.
242. Pratap Bhanu Mehta, "Cosmopolitanism," 8.
243. Pratap Bhanu Mehta, "Cosmopolitanism," 9-11.
244. Roxanne L. Euben, Enemy in the Mirror: Islamic Fundamentalism and the Limits of Modern Rationalism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999).
245. Cheah and Robbins, Cosmopolitics, 1.
246. Pratap Bhanu Mehta, "Aristotelian Social Democracy," in Liberalism and the Good, ed. R. Bruce Douglass, Gerald M. Mara, and Henry S. Richardson (New York: Routledge, 1990), 203-52;
247. Pratap Bhanu Mehta, "Human Functioning and Social Justice: In Defense of Aristotelian Essentialism," Political Theory 20, no. 2 (May 1992): 202-46;
248. Pratap Bhanu Mehta, "Nature, Function and Capability: Aristotle on Political Distribution," Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, supplemental volume (1988): 145-84.
249. Anderson, "Cosmopolitanism," 268.
250. Falk, "The Making of Global Citizenship," 40.
251. Saskia Sassen, Globalization and Its Discontents (New York: The New Press, 1998), xxxii.
252. Roger Sanjek, The Future of Us All: Race and Neighborhood Politics in New York City (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998).
253. Vá clav Benda et al., "Parallel Polis or an Independent Society in Central and Eastern Europe: An Inquiry," Social Research 1- 2 (1988): 211-46;
254. Jeffrey C. Isaac, "The Meaning of 1989," Social Research 63, no. 2 (1996);
255. H. Gordon Skilling, Charter 77 and Human Rights in Czechoslovakia (Boston: Allen and Unwin, 1981);
256. Václav Havel, The Power of the Powerless (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1985);
257. Jonathan Schell's, Adam Michnik's Letters from Prison (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1985), xvii-xliii.
258. Adam Michnik's essay in that volume "Maggots and Angels," 169-98.
259. Sheldon S. Wolin, "Democracy without the Citizen," in The Presence of the Past (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989), 180-91.
260. Sheldon S. Wolin, "Democracy without the Citizen," in The Presence of the Past (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989), 180-91.
261. John E. Seery, Political Theory for Mortals: Shades of Justice, Mirages of Death (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press).
262. Hannah Arendt, Men in Dark Times (New York: Harcourt Brace and World, 1968), 105.
263. The Human Condition, 2d. ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998).
264. Walter Benjamin, "The Storyteller: Reflections on the Works of Nikolai Leskov," in Illuminations: Essays and Reflections, ed. Hannah Arendt (New York: Harcourt Brace and World, 1968), 95.
265. Louis Menand, "Market Report: Review of Mao II," New Yorker, June 24, 1991, 81.
266. John Leonard, "The Hunger Artist," New York Review of Books, February 22, 2001, 4.
267. Don DeLillo, White Noise (New York: Penguin, 1984).
268. Leonard, "The Hunger Artist."
269. Nietzsche, "The Gay Science," sec. 9.
270. William E. Connolly, Why I Am Not a Secularist (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999), 25-29.
271. Terry Eagleton's in "For the Hell of It," London Review of Books, February 22, 2001, 30.
272. Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem (New York: Viking, 1964), 287.
273. The Life of the Mind, vol. 1, Thinking (London: Socker and Warburg, 1978), 5.
274. Pratap Bhanu Mehta, "Cosmopolitanism and the Circle of Reason," Political Theory 28, no. 5 (October 2000): 626.
275. Ian Donaldson, "The Importance of Dying Well," Times Literary Supplement, February 13, 1998, 13-14.
276. Robert A. Harrison, "Food and Graves" (manuscript). Portions of that paper appear in "Hic Jacet," Critical Inquiry 27 (Spring 2001): 393-407.
277. Thomas Lynch, "Why Buy More Time?" New York Times, March 14, 1999, sec. 4, p. 15.
278. Herbert Marcuse, "The Ideology of Death," in The Meaning of Death, ed. H. Feifel (New York: McGraw Hill, 1959), 64-76;
279. Jonathan Dollimore, Death, Desire and Loss in Western Culture (New York: Routledge, 1998), 220-27.
280. SlavojZ izek, London Review of Books, March 18, 1999, 3.
281. The Essence of Christianity, trans. George Eliot, introduction by Karl Barth and foreword by H. Richard Niebuhr (New York: Harper, 1953), 152-53.
282. George Shulman, "Hope and American Politics" manuscript.
283. Jonathan Lear, Happiness, Death, and the Remainder of Life (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000), 102.
284. Glenn W. Most, "A Cock for Aesclepius," Classical Quarterly 43, no. 1 (January-June 1993):1-16.
285. Glenn W. Most, "The Problem of Socrates," in Twilight of the Idols, in Walter Kaufmann, The Portable Nietzsche (New York: Viking, 1968), 473-79.
286. The Gay Science, 340.
287. Thomas Flynn, "Foucault as Paresiast: His Last Course at the College de France," in The Final Foucault, ed. James Bernauer and David Rasmussen (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1994).
288. Thomas Flynn, The Art of Living: Socratic Reflections from Plato to Foucault (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998), chap. 6.
289. Arlene Saxonhouse, "Xanthippe and Philosophy: Who Really Wins?" Proceedings of the Boston Colloquium on Ancient Philosophy 14 (1998):111-29.
290. Leo Tolstoy, The Death of Ivan Ilych, trans. Lynn Solotaroff (New York: Bantam, 1981).
291. Tobin Siebers, Morals and Stories (New York: Columbia University Press, 1992), 161-63.
292. Mary Margaret McCabe, "Listening to Plato's Niece," Times Literary Supplement, July 7, 2000, 10.
293. Harrison, "Food and Graves," 4.
294. James Booth, "Communities of Memory: On Identity, Memory and Debt," American Political Science Review 93 (June 1999):249-62.
295. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, ed. J. P. Mayer and Max Lerner, trans. George Lawrence (New York: Harper & Row, 1966).
296. Anthony DeCurtis, " 'An Outside in the Society': An Interview with Don DeLillo," South Atlantic Quarterly 89, no. 2 (1990): 301.
297. Paul A. Cantor, "Adolph, We Hardly Knew You," in New Essays on While Noise, ed. Frank Lentricchia (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 39-62.
298. Frank Lentricchia, "Tales of the Electronic Tribe," in Lentricchia, New Essays, 87-113.
299. Nina Bernstein, The Lost Children of Wilder: The Epic Struggle to Change Foster Care (New York: Pantheon, 2001).
300. "The Storyteller," 34-5.
301. Hannah Arendt, "The Crisis in Education," in Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought (New York: Penguin, 1977), 174-75.
302. Jonathan Lear, Happiness, Death, and the Remainder of Life (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000), 101-2.
303. Michael Gorra, "Voices Off," Times Literary Supplement, February 16, 2001, 21.
304. Michael Gorra, "Voices Off," Times Literary Supplement, February 16, 2001, 21.