Of war and law

Of War and Law

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages

  Kennedy, David ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84883978226     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (35)

1. Duncan Kennedy, "The Rise and Fall of Classical Legal Thought," 1975, unpublished.
2. Nathaniel Berman, "Privileging Combat? Contemporary Conflict and the Legal Construction of War," 43 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 1 (2004).
3. I am grateful to Charles Dunlap for alerting me to this phrase. See Charles Dunlap Jr., "Law and Military Interventions: Preserving Humanitarian Values in 21st Century Conflicts," Carr Center, Harvard University. Available at http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/cchrp/ Web%20Working%20Papers/Use%20of%20Force/Dunlap2001.pdf; Charles Dunlap Jr., "Learning from Abu Ghraib: The Joint Commander and Force Discipline," Proceedings (U.S. Naval Institute), September 2005, 34-38.
4. John Jackson, William Davey, and Alan Sykes, eds., Legal Problems of International Economic Relations: Cases, Materials, and Text on the National and International Regulation of Transnational Economic Relations, 4th ed. (St. Paul, Minn.: West, 2002), 1.
5. Wilhelm Röpke, "Economic Order and International Law," 86 Recueil des cours 223, 227 (1954).
6. James Carroll, House of War: The Pentagon, a History of Unbridled Power (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006), 30.
7. Carl von Clausewitz, On War, ed. and trans. Michael Howard and Peter Paret (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976), 605.
8. Helmuth, Graf von Molke, Moltke on the Art of War: Selected Writings, ed. Daniel J. Hughes, trans. Daniel J. Hughes and Harry Bell (Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1993), 124.
9. Clausewitz, On War, 76.
10. For further analysis of their thought, see David Kennedy, "Primitive Legal Scholarship" 27 Harvard International Law Journal 1 (1986).
11. Francisco de Vitoria, Francisci de Victoria De Indis et De ivre belli relectiones, ed. Ernest Nys., trans. John Pawley Bate (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1917; reprint Buffalo, N.Y.: William S. Hein, 1995), 155.
12. Vattel, The Law of Nations, or, Principles of the Law of Nature (Northampton, Mass.: Printed by Thomas M. Pomroy for S. & E. Butler, 1805), v (spelling rendered contemporary).
13. Carl von Clausewitz, On War (1832), ed. Anatol Rapoport (Baltimore: Penguin, 1968), 402.
14. Henry Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, abridged ed. (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1958), 105.
15. "Lincoln at the Young Men's Lyceum in Springfield," 1838, in The Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. John G. Nicolay and John Hay (New York: Tandy, 1905), 1:35-50.
16. Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, 105 n. 1.
17. Jonathan Zasloff has traced this influence among legal professionals participating in the formation of American foreign policy from the late nineteenth century through the outbreak of World War II. See "Law and the Shaping of American Foreign Policy: From the Gilded Age to the New Era," NYU Law Review, April 2003, and Jonathan Zasloff, "Law and the Shaping of American Foreign Policy: The Twenty Years' Crisis," UCLA School of Law Research Paper No. 03-6, April 2003, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=395962.
18. Quoted in Zasloff, "Law and the Shaping of American Foreign Policy: From the Gilded Age to the New Era," 47.
19. Raymond Aron, Peace and War: A Theory of International Relations, trans. Richard Howard and Annett Baker Fox (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1966), at 374.
20. Harold Nicolson, Diplomacy (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1939), at 157.
21. Harold George Nicolson, Peacemaking, 1919 (Gloucester, Mass.: P. Smith, 1984), 187.
22. Louis Henkin, How Nations Behave: Law and Foreign Policy, 2nd ed. (New York: Published for the Council on Foreign Relations by Columbia University Press, 1979), 137.
23. Oscar Schachter, "Dag Hammarskjold and the Relation of Law to Politics," 56 American Journal of International Law 1, 2, 4-5, 7 (1962).
24. See Oscar Schachter, "The Invisible College of International Lawyers," 72 Northwestern University Law Review 217 (1977).
25. For an analysis of this history, see Berman, "Privileging Combat?" 14ff.
26. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., "The Path of the Law," 10 Harvard Law Review 457, 461 (1897).
27. For a terrific reinterpretation of the laws of war placing this "privilege to kill" at the center of the analysis, see Berman, "Privileging Combat?"
28. On the challenge of using riot control agents in an armed conflict setting, see Ken Watkin, "Controlling the Use of Force: A Role for Human Rights Norms in Contemporary Armed Conflict," 98 American Journal of International Law 1, 32 (2004), available at http://www.asil.org/ajil/watkin.pdf.
29. An excellent account of the relationship between this military decision and the legal culture that surrounded it is Michael Lewis, "Law of Aerial Bombardment in the 1991 Gulf War," 97 American Journal of International Law 481 (2003).
30. The unavoidable strategic use of law of war distinctions is best developed in Berman, "Privileging Combat?" Berman's analysis is particularly imaginative in its reinterpretation of the law in war from the perspective of the "privilege to kill."
31. Thom Shanker, "The Struggle for Iraq: Strategy; U.S. Prepares a Prolonged Drive to Suppress the Uprisings in Iraq," New York Times, April 11, 2004, Late Edition, Final, sec. 1, p. 1.
32. Quoted in Dexter Filkins, "A Nation at War: In the Field. Marines; Either Take a Shot or Take a Chance," New York Times, March 29, 2003, Late Edition, Final, sec. A, p. 1.
33. International Court of Justice, Case Concerning United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (United States of America v. Iran) Order of 15 December 1979, Provisional Measures, par. 3, p. 11.
34. International Court of Justice, Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America) Order of May 1984, Request for the Indication of Provisional Measures, pars. 33-37, at pp. 183-85.
35. Figures all quoted in Carroll, The House of War, at 47-51.