Democratizing the enemy: The Japanese American internment

Democratizing the Enemy: The Japanese American Internment

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages

  Hayashi, Brian ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84883962436     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (135)

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2. [Project "M"], Studies of Migration and Resettlement Report Series no. T-67 Copy no. 1 of 40, 15 November 1944, Table II, Box 33 Field Report T-67, Field/Bowman Project M Papers, FDRL/HP.
3. C. H. Gensler to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 23 August 1945 and C. H. Gensler to Mr. Beatty, 18 June 1945, Folder 4.5.2.10 [2 of 2], Box 10, RG 75, BIAPAOIP, NARA/PRB.
4. Everett V. Stonequist, The Marginal Man: A Study in Personality and Culture Conflict (New York: Russell and Russell, 1937; rev. eds. 1965, 1961), 3, 4, 67-69.
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6. Anon., "Notes on Mr. Collier's Speech to the Teachers," 11 November 1942, 2, Folder 13, Box 13, JARCR/CU.
7. Anon., "Psychological Personality Study," Folder J 10.01, JAERR/UCB, reel #245.
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11. Lorraine M. Lees, "National Security and Ethnicity: Contrasting Views DuringWorldWar II," Diplomatic History 11, no. 2 (spring 1987): 118-25.
12. Kai Bird, The Chairman: John J. McCloy, The Making of the American Establishment, A Biography by Kai Bird (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992), 93-95; MacDonnell, Insidious Foes, 80.
13. E. F. Cross, to Commander K. D. Ringle, 27 May 1942, Subject: Factors making the Kibei a dangerous group, Folder D 2.01, JAERR/UCB, reel #019.
14. Lees, "National Security and Ethnicity: Contrasting Views During World War II," 114.
15. Irons, Justice at War, 14-15.
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18. Ōwada, Hishi, 38-39.
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21. Modell, The Economics and Politics of Racial Accommodation, 26-27
22. Yamato, "Socioeconomic Change among Japanese Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area," 204-5
23. Kawaguchi, "Race, Ethnicity, Resistance and Competition," 78-82.
24. Nikkei Shimin, 15 October 1929, Folder, "The Nikkei Shimin" Box 351, JARP/UCLA
25. Walter G. Beach, Oriental Crimes in California (Stanford: Stanford University, 1932), 458, table 45
26. Kurashige, Japanese American Celebration and Conflict, 60-63.
27. The Okinawa Club of America, History of the Okinawans in North America, 20-23, 415-18; 424-25
28. Fujioka, Ayumi no Ato, 496
29. Okinawa Ken, Okinawa Kenshi Dai Nanakan Imin (Tokyo: Gennando Shoten, 1974), 66, 113-18.
30. Kawasaki, "The Japanese Community of East San Pedro, Terminal Island, California," 131, 23, 63, 162, 144
31. KeiWatanabe, "Meiji Shoki Wakayama Kenjin ni okeru Chiikisei" (senior thesis, Kyō to University, 2000), 2.
32. Kawasaki, "The Japanese Community of East San Pedro, Terminal Island, California," 37, 60
33. Eileen Sunada Sarasohn, ed., The Issei: Portrait of a Pioneer, An Oral History (Palo Alto, Calif.: Pacific Books, 1983), 160.
34. Research Branch, CAD, "Aiyu Kai," 24 July 1945, Folder 080 Japanese Organizations Book OR-1, Box 2, RG 338 WDC/CAD, Central Corr., 1942-46, NARA II.
35. League of YMBA of North America and North American Federation of YWBA Leagues, "BHRATI" vol. 2, no. 2 (July 1934), 7-8, Box 135, Institute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley, California.
36. E[d] H[.] S[picer], "Personalities," 13 October 1942, Folder 10.18, JAERR/UCB.
37. The Okinawa Club of America, History of the Okinawans in North America, 71, 79-80.
38. Shin Sekai 4 December 1941, JARP/UCLA.
39. Hosokawa, JACL in Quest of Justice, 130-31
40. Shibutani, "The Initial Impact of the War on the Japanese Communities in the San Francisco Bay Region," 138.
41. Hayashi, 'For the Sake of Our Japanese Brethren,' 140.
42. Shibutani, "The Initial Impact of the War on the Japanese Communities in the San Francisco Bay Region," 96.
43. Shin Sekai 4, 8 December 1941, JARP/UCLA
44. Hayashi, 'For the Sake of Our Japanese Brethren', 141.
45. Shibutani, "The Initial Impact of the War on the Japanese Communities in the San Francisco Bay Region," 87.
46. Girdner and Loftis, The Great Betrayal, 249-50
47. Robert J. Maeda, "Isamu Noguchi: 5-7-A, Poston, Arizona," Amerasia Journal 20, no. 2 (1994): 63-65.
48. Hayashi, 'For the Sake of Our Japanese Brethren,' 140
49. Daniels, Concentration Camps: North America, 41
50. Togo Tanaka, "Journal," 11 January 1942, 3, Folder A 17.07, JAERR/UCB, reel #011.
51. Shibutani, "Rumors in a Crisis Situation," 116-19.
52. Corbett, Quiet Passages, 47-49.
53. Julius W. Becker to Senator Ernest J. McFarland, 24 February 1942, Folder 601 Land Acquisition, Box 92, RG 338 WDC, NARA II.
54. Mrs. J. C. Auernheimer to Lt. Gen. J.L. DeWitt, 23 March 1942, Folder 601 Land Acquisition, Box 92, RG 338 WDC, NARA II.
55. [AHL?], Interview with Head, Gelvin, and Henrietta Johnson, 30 June 1943, 16, Folder 11-62, Box 30, (Restricted Access Materials), JARCR/CU.
56. E[dward]H[.] S[picer], "Attitude of Local Indians" 18 October 1942, Folder J 10.10-#4 of 6, JAERR/UCB.
57. Anon., "Reception Centers Manzanar," n.d., 36, Folder 323.3, Box 56, RG 338 WDC, NARA II.
58. H. Van Norman to S. B. Robinson, 6 March 1942, no folder/box, Water Executive Office Historical Records/Administrative and Executive Files, The Bancroft Group, Hyannis, Calif.
59. Resolution from citizens of Lone Pine, Cal. to DeWitt, 7 July 1942, 46, JAERR/UCB, reel #149
60. Anon., "Reception Centers Manzanar," n.d., 34, Folder 323.3, Box 56, RG 338 WDC, NARA II.
61. Hoshiyama, "Tanforan Political Activities," 16 June 1942, 27-29, Folder B 8.25, JAERR/UCB, reel #016.
62. Hoshiyama, "Tanforan Political Activities," 16 June 1942, 30-32, Folder B 8.25, JAERR/UCB, reel #016.
63. Tanforan Calendar, 12 September 1942, Folder 96.60.1, JANM/LA.
64. Yoneda, Ganbatte, 125-26
65. Opler, "A History of Internal Government at Manzanar," 4-9, 11, 12, 19
66. Anon., "Reception Centers Manzanar," n.d., 30, Folder 323.3, Box 56, RG 338 WDC, NARA II.
67. War Relocation Authority, The Evacuated People: A Quantitative Description, vol. 3 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1946), 90.
68. Dillon S. Myer, "The Facts about The War Relocation Authority," 21 January 1944, Folder D. S. Myer Speeches (folder 2), Box 1, Papers of Dillon S. Myer, HSTL/IM.
69. Alexander Leighton, [Sociological Journal], 13 October 1942, 5, Folder J 10.10-#4 of 6, JAERR/UCB, reel #247.
70. Anon., "Reception Centers Manzanar," 30, Folder 323.3, Box 56, RG 338 WDC, NARA II.
71. [Solon Kimball], "The History of Community Government," pp. 1, 2, Box 28, RG 28 Solon Kimball Papers, Special Collection, Milbank Memorial Library, Teachers' College, Columbia University, N.Y. (hereafter cited as SKPTC/CU.)
72. Block Managers' Meeting Poston 3, 2 September 1942, Folder J 1.62, JAERR/UCB, reel #194.
73. Alexander Leighton, [Sociological Journal], 28 August 1942, 4, Folder J 10.10, number 2 of 6, JAERR/UCB, reel #246; Haas, Notes on Community Government, 31 December 1943, 21, Folder 17, Box 6, JARCR/CU.
74. Opler, "A History of Internal Government at Manzanar," 50, 62
75. Yoneda, Ganbatte, 136-37.
76. Anon., "Cooperative, C.E. and Industry," 1, 6, Folder 8: Cooperatives Reports on Cooperative Community Enterprises and Industry, Box 8, JARCR/CU.
77. Tamie Tsuchiyama, "Excerpt of Letter from Tsuchiyama to Thomas," 29 March 1943, 2, Folder J 6.21, JAERR/UCB, reel #239.
78. M[orris] E. Opler, "Family Pressure on a Nisei to Expatriate Because of the Draft," CAS Report #180, 12 February 1944, MAHYPA/VA.
79. Togo Tanaka, "Documentary Report" #89, ca. December 1942, 397-98, Folder O10.08, "Documentary Report" #87, 1 December 1942, Folder O10.12, JAERR/UCB, reel #158.
80. E[d] H[.] S[picer], Interview with Richard Nishimoto, 29 December 1942, 1, 2, Folder J 10.18, JAERR/UCB, reel #247; Morris E. Opler, "An Expatriate," 30 August 1943, 7-8, Morris E. Opler Papers, MAHYPA/VA.
81. Opler, "An Expatriate," 30 August 1943, 5-7.
82. Block Manager's Log, 21 September 1942, Folder 5-10 (Block Manager's Log Block 45), Box 5, JARCR/CU.
83. Alexander H. Leighton, "Note to Go with the Minutes of Committee Meeting," 23 November 1942, Folder 9, Box 10, JARCR/CU
84. Hayashi, 'For the Sake of Our Japanese Brethren,' 15.
85. Block Manager's Log, 9 October 1942, 22 October 1942, 26 October 1942, 9 November 1942, 9 December 1942, 18 November 1942, Folder 4-28: (Block Manager's Logs-Block #17), Box 4, JARCR/CU.
86. Block Manager's Logs, 8 February 1943, 22 October 1942, 11 January 1943, 16 January 1943, 19 November 1942, 20 November 1942, 13 November 1942, Folder 5-23, Box 5, JARCR/CU.
87. K[arl] Bendetsen and Capt. Hall, telephone conversation, 19 January 1943, 8, Folder 291.2 Release of Japanese 1st Section, Box 7, RG 338 Records of the WDC, NARA II.
88. E. M. Rowalt to Charles Ernst, 1 February 1943, Exhibit G, in Bankson, "Registration at Topaz"; McKee, "History of W.R.A.," 183.
89. Russell A. Bankson, "Registration at Topaz," ca. April 1943, 2, 7-8, 11, 15, 17, 21, 25-26, 42; [Russell Bankson], "General Summary of the Registration," 24 February 1943, 1, 5, Folder 2-10, Box 2, USWRACUP/UW.
90. McKee, "History of W.R.A," 177-85.
91. E[d] H[.] S[picer], [Sociological Journal], 7 January 1943, Folder J 12.10, JAERR/UCB, reel #250; Morris E. Opler, "Why So Many Kibei Said No to Question 28," 31 August 1943, Morris E. Opler Papers, MAHYPA/VA.
92. Robin D.G. Kelley, "An Archaeology of Resistance," American Quarterly 44, no. 2 (June 1992): 292-98.
93. Myer, Uprooted Americans, 65.
94. Bendetsen and Col. Wing, 7 December 1942 9:50 a.m., Record 5-6-7-8, by E. M. Rudy, 4, Folder 323.3/32 Manzanar (Riot), Box 56, RG 338 WDC, NARA II.
95. Los Angeles Examiner, 4 December 1943.
96. Ralph Merritt to Dr. John H. Provinse, 28 February 1944, no folder [loose-leaf], Box 28a, RG 28 STKP/CU.
97. M[orris] E[.] O[pler], "Interview with Secretary of Town Hall," 29 July 1943, Morris E. Opler Papers, MAHYPA/VA.
98. Oscar F. Hoffman, to Dillon S. Myer and to Dr. John Provinse, Dr. Edward Spicer, 18 April 1944, no folder, Box 28a, STKP/CU.
99. Muneno Saiki, "Farewell Address of Saiki Muneno, Retiring Chairman of the Topaz Community Council, Given Before the Council December 30, 1943," no folder, Box 28a, RG 28 STKP/CU.
100. Smoot Katow to Ed [Spicer], 2 July 1943, Folder WRA-Correspondence Evacuees, Box 1, EHSRBSP/ASM.
101. John H. Provinse, "Seinen Kai," 12 April 1944, 7, Folder E 2.56, JAERR/ UCB, reel #028; Richard Nishimoto's reproduction of report by John Powell, 23 April 1944, 11, Folder J 6.15a "Administration," JAERR/UCB, reel #238.
102. G[eorge] Y[amaguchi], "Final L[e]nt Service at Block 45," 24 April 1943, Folder 39, Box 10, JARCR/CU; Kimiko Takeda, "Shūyō jo no Seikatsu no Purasu Minasu," 5 June 1945, Mohabe no. 28, no folder, Box 343, JARP/UCLA.
103. Opinion Research Center, Report to Agriculture Department, Poston, 4 September 1943, 12, Folder J 1.16, JAERR/UCB, reel #188.
104. [Kimball] to John H. Provinse, 2 December 1944, no folder, Box 28b, STKP/CU.
105. Block Managers' Meeting Minutes, 10 January 1944 and 13 January 1944, Folder H 152A, JAERR/UCB, reel #115.
106. M. E. Opler, "Interview with Mrs. H. Hirose of 15-2-?, A Woman of about 40 Years of Age," 26 July 1943, Morris Opler Papers, MAHYPA/VA.
107. I. Motoki, "I. Motoki Writes from Poston," ca. 1945, Folder J 8.00, JAERR/UCB, reel #244.
108. Kampō Gō gai Shōwa Jūhachinen Nigatsu Nijūhachinichi Shūgiin Giji Sokkiroku Dai Jūhachigo, in Dai Hachi Jūichi Hachijūyonkai Teikoku Gikai Shūgiin Giji Sokkiroku, Fuzoku Toshokan, Kyō to University, Kyō to, Japan.
109. Daniels, Concentration Camps: North America, 123.
110. Toshio Mori and George Sugihara, "Selective Service at Topaz," ca. September 1944, 4, Folder 17, Box 2, USWRACUP/UW.
111. James D. Crawford, Memorandum to All Block Managers, 12 April [1944]
112. [Richard Nishimoto], [Sociological Journal excerpts], 3 April [1944], Folder J 6.15b File "Draft and Military Service," JAERR/UCB, reel #238.
113. [Richard Nishimoto], [Sociological Journal excerpts], 11 February [1944], 23 January [1944], 4 February [1944], and 17 February [1944], Folder J 6.15b File "Draft and Military Service," JAERR/UCB, reel #238.
114. Local Council Meeting, 19 July [1944], in Richard Nishimoto, Sociological Journal excerpts, Folder J 6.15b File "Draft and Military Service," JAERR/ UCB, reel #238.
115. Hiro Katayama, "Reaction to the Reinstitution of Selective Service," Community Analysis Section Report #33, 10 April 1944, Folder 1, Box 13, EHSP/ UA, 9
116. Taylor, Jewel of the Desert, 171-75.
117. Voice of the Niseis, "To The Niseis," ca. 11 February 1944, Folder J 5.00, reel #234; Richard Nishimoto, [Sociological Journal excerpts], 15 March 1944, Folder J 6.15g, (Personalities and life histories, political structure), JAERR/UCB, reel #239.
118. David French to Ned [Edward Spicer], 16 February 1944 and 20 February 1944, Folder 5, Box 10, EHSP/UA.
119. Richard Nishimoto, Sociological Journal excerpts, 30 August [1944], Folder J 6.15b File "Draft and Military Service," JAERR/UCB, reel #238.
120. Richard Nishimoto, [Sociological Journal excerpts], 15 August [1944], Folder J 6.15b File "Draft and Military Service," JAERR/UCB, reel #238.
121. Taylor, Jewel of the Desert, 188
122. David French, "Community Analyst Trend Report from March 12 to 18, 1945 (Report no. 61, 20 March 1945)," Folder J 3.20, JAERR/UCB, reel #219; Thomas, The Salvage, 115.
123. [Richard Nishimoto], [Sociological Journal], 12 October [1944], Folder J.615A, JAERR/UCB, reel #238; John W. Powell, "The Community-and the Management," 1 May 1944, no folder, Box 28A, RG 28 SKPTC/CU.
124. [Richard Nishimoto], 12 October [1944], Folder J.615A File "Administration," JAERR/UCB, reel #238.
125. R[ichard] N[ishimoto], [Sociological Journal], 16 October [1944], 27 October [1944], 4 November [1944], 26 October [1944], 19 October [1944], Folder J 6.15j "War news reports," JAERR/UCB, reel #239.
126. [R[ichard] N[ishimoto], [Sociological Journal], 17 August [1944], Folder J 6.15j "War news reports," JAERR/UCB, reel #239.
127. David French to Director [Dillon Myer], 16 March 1945, Folder Community Government, Box 1, EHSP/UA.
128. Nishimoto, Inside an American Concentration Camp, 196-97.
129. [Richard Nishimoto], "All-Center Conference," 16-22 February 1945, 10-11, no folder title, Box 27B, RG 28, SKPTC/CU.
130. Nishimoto, Inside an American Concentration Camp, 222-23.
131. Nishimoto, Inside an American Concentration Camp, 213, 231.
132. Popi Kushū, April 1945, 2, Folder 2, Box 35, JARP/UCLA
133. Akira Togawa, "Diary" 7 August 1945, Folder 4, Box 3, JARP 1711, JARP/UCLA
134. David French, Memo to Duncan Mills, 16 August 1945, Folder J 3.22, JAERR/UCB, reel #220.
135. David French, Memo to Duncan Mills, 16 August 1945, Folder J3.22, JAERR/UCB, reel #220.