Max Weber in America

Max Weber in America

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages

  Scaff, Lawrence A ^a  

^a WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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References (225)

1. Weber's recently recovered Americana articles, "Germany-Agriculture and Forestry," and "Germany-Industries," are reprinted in the Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 57 (2005): 139-56, and in Max Weber Studies 6, no. 2 (2006): 207-30, preceded by Guenther Roth's critical introduction; see also MWG I/8, Ergänzungsheft (2005).
2. Weber's reference to capitalism as "the most fateful force in our modern life" is in the 1920 introduction to Collected Essays in the Sociology of Religion, in PESC, 17; GARS 1:4.
3. For Weber's St. Louis speech see my discussion in chapter 4 of the present volume; the speech is reprinted in Gerth & Mills as "Capitalism and Rural Society in Germany"; quotations herein on 369, 385.
4. "Permit me to take you once more to America . . ." is in Max Weber, "Science as a Vocation," in Gerth & Mills, 149. The comments about America are in PESC, 182; GARS 1:204.
5. Gunnar Myrdal's remarks about Weber are in the unabbreviated edition of his classic, An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1944), 952, 1429 n. 43.
6. The colorful account of Max Weber Sr.'s Northern Pacific Railroad trip is in Paul Lindau, Aus der Neuen Welt: Briefe aus dem Osten und Westen der Vereinigten Staaten (Berlin: Rütten and Loening, 1990 [1884]).
7. James T. Kloppenberg, Uncertain Victory: Social Democracy and Progressivism in European and American Thought, 1870-1920 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 321.
8. Hugo Münsterberg, Die Amerikaner (Berlin: Mittler und Sohn, 1904). 2 vols., and the abbreviated English edition in one volume, The Americans, trans. Edwin B. Holt (New York: McClure, Phillips, 1905). The German edition was reviewed by Albion Small in American Journal of Sociology 10, no. 2 (1904): 245-52.
9. The first edition of Karl Baedeker's famous North American travel guide appeared in 1893 in both German and English, intended for Chicago's World Fair. The second English edition was published in 1899, and the third edition prior to the St. Louis Exposition in 1904 in English and German.
10. Unfortunately, knowledge of the Eranos Circle is limited; see M. Rainer Lepsius, "Der Eranos-Kreis Heidelberger Gelehrter 1904-1908," in Jahrbuch der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaft für das Jahr 1983 (Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1984), 46-48;
11. Klaus Kempter, Die Jellineks 1820-1955. Eine familienbiographische Studie zum deutschjüdischen Bildungsbürgertum (Düsseldorf: Droste, 1998), 277-79.
12. Edwin Seligman's extensive lecture notes in five notebooks are in his Papers, Box 86 (quotes from notebook 2, Heidelberg winter semester, 1880-81). His correspondence with Weber began in 1897.
13. Martin Luther's statement comes from The Sermons of Martin Luther (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1983), 1:270, §34.
14. Max Schlichting's painting, Strandvergnügen, has been on display recently in the National Gallery in Berlin; see the exhibit catalog, Berliner Impressionismus. Werke der Berliner Secession aus der Nationalgalerie, ed. Angelika Wesenberg (Bonn: GH Verlag, 2006), 99.
15. Quotation from Gerth & Mills, 302-3; GARS 1:208.
16. The definitions of "church" and "sect" are in Gerth & Mills, 314; GARS 1:221.
17. Many of Weber's writings on universities are collected in Max Weber on Universities, trans. and ed. Edward Shils (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974), quotation herein on 37, from a 1911 newspaper article.
18. Weber's 1918 speech to Austrian officers is "Der Sozialismus," in GASS, 492-518, quotation herein on 497; translated as "Socialism" in Lassman & Speirs, 278-9; translation modified.
19. For Bryce's comment, see James Bryce, The American Commonwealth (Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 1995), 2:1456. Sandburg's lines are the first stanza from "Chicago" (1916), which can be found online at http://carl-sandburg.com/ chicago.htm.
20. Weber's comment about the modern metropolis is in remarks to the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie in 1910; in GASS, 453.
21. Lincoln Steffens, "Chicago: Half Free and Fighting On," McClure's 21, no. 6 (1903): 563-77; quotations herein on 563, 564; see also The Autobiography of Lincoln Steffens (Berkeley, CA: Heyday Books, 2005 [1931]), 428, on Chicago.
22. Information about the Hull House maps and papers, including the kind of demographic charts and maps the Webers saw, are available on a Northwestern University website at http://homicide.northwestern.edu/pubs/hullhouse/Maps/.
23. Marianne Weber's commemoration for Jane Addams is "Jane Addams. Zu ihrem 70. Geburtstag," Frankfurter Zeitung, September 9, 1930, evening edition, 1-2. The detailed protocols and minutes of the Heidelberg chapter of the Verein Frauenbildung-Frauenstudium, 1897 to 1905, are in Marianne Weber's Papers, DWS Ana 446, Box 22; the association sponsored a Heidelberg visit and lecture by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in March 1905.
24. Karl Baedeker's description of the Chicago stockyards is in The United States, 2nd rev. ed. (Leipzig: Karl Baedeker/New York: Charles Scribner's Sons), 1904, 357. In addition to Philip S. Foner's classic, History of the Labor Movement in the United States, vol. 3, The Policies and Practices of the American Federation of Labor, 1900-1909 (New York: International Publishers, 1964), the 1904 stockyards strike is discussed in David Brody, The Butcher Workmen: A Study of Unionization (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964);
25. James R. Barrett, Work and Community in the Jungle: Chicago's Packinghouse Workers, 1894-1922 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990), esp. chap. 5 on the rationalization of work; and Rick Halpern, Down on the Killing Floor: Black and White Workers in Chicago's Packinghouses, 1904-54 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997), esp. chap. 1.
26. Max Weber's 1908 Verein-sponsored study of industrial labor, Zur Psychophysik der industriellen Arbeit, is reprinted with a methodological introduction in GASS, 1-255, and in MWG I/11 (1995).
27. The University Record of the University of Chicago 9, no. 6 (1904): 229-30, mentions the events associated with the Congress of Arts and Science. The comments about the Hatfields, father and son, are in "Memorial Meeting to James Taft Hatfield" (December 14, 1945) and "James Miller Hatfield"; J. T. Hatfiapers, Northwestern University Archives.
28. Weber's writings on the American and German universities are conveniently collected in translation in Max Weber, Max Weber on Universities, trans. and ed. Edward Shils (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974); see 23-24 for the quoted remarks from 1911.
29. Hugo Münsterberg published defenses of his plan for the Congress in the Atlantic Monthly 91 (1903): 671-84, quotations herein on 673, 676, 684; Science 18 (1903): 559-63; and the Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 1 (1904): 1-8. For a summary of Münsterberg's views see Matthew Hale, Human Science and Social Order: Hugo Münsterberg and the Origins of Applied Psychology (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1980), esp. chap. 6.
30. Albion Small's most astute reply to Münsterberg is an unpublished and undated (probably February 1903) memorandum to the organizing board for the Congress of Arts and Science; in the Simon Newcomb Papers, No. 39; quotation herein on 5.
31. Small's letter to Harper, January 24, 1903, is in the University Presidents' Papers, University of Chicago. John Dewey's critique and reply to Münsterberg is in Science 18 (1903): 275-78, 665.
32. William James's June 28, 1906, letter to Münsterberg is part of a larger critical discussion of neo-Kantian philosophy and pragmatism in the William James Papers. Du Bois also wrote a scathing critique of the confusions about "sociology" at the Congress, but left it unpublished: "Sociology Hesitant," in the Du Bois Papers, reel 82.
33. Max Weber, "Die 'Objektivität' sozialwissenschaftlicher und sozialpolitischer Erkenntnis" (1904), in GAW, 146-214; Shils & Finch, 49-112; see also the superior recent translation by Keith Tribe, "The 'Objectivity' of Knowledge in Social Science and Social Policy," in The Essential Weber: A Reader, ed. Sam Whimster (London: Routledge, 2004), 359-404; quotation herein on 383.
34. Weber's texts are "Roscher und Knies und die logischen Probleme der historischen Nationalökonomie" (1903-1906), GAW, 1-145; see 70-92 for the critique of Münsterberg; quotation herein on 72; translated by Guy Oakes as Roscher and Knies: The Logical Problems of Historical Economics (New York: Free Press, 1975).
35. James Kloppenberg, The Virtues of Liberalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 84.
36. Weber, "The Objectivity of Knowledge in Social Science and Social Policy," in The Essential Weber: A Reader, ed. Sam Whimster (London: Routledge, 2004), 371, 403; GAW, 166, 213-14.
37. For a recent comment on the discussion of modernization and "multiple modernities" (a concept attributed to S. N. Eisenstadt) in relation to the United States, see Wolfgang Knöbl, "Of Contingencies and Breaks: The U.S. American South as an Anomaly in the Debate on Multiple Modernities," Archives européennees de sociologie 47, no. 1 (2006): 125-57.
38. The conflict over German art at the 1904 International Exposition is discussed in Peter Paret, The Berlin Secession: Modernism and Its Enemies in Imperial Germany (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1980), chap. 4; quotation herein on 149.
39. Photographs of the rooms in the Varied Industries Building are in the Descriptive Catalogue of the German Arts and Crafts at the Universal Exposition, St. Louis 1904 (Berlin: Imperial German Commission, 1904). In the official documents there are two instructive reports on architecture, arts, and crafts: Friedrich von Thiersch, "Architektur und Kunstgewerbe," 2:179-98, and
40. Hermann Muthesius, "Das Kunstgewerbe, insbesondere die Wohnungs kunst," 2:263-96, in Amtlicher Bericht über die Weltausstellung in St. Louis 1904 erstattet vom Reichskommissar (Berlin: Carl Heymanns Verlag, 1906).
41. Guenther Roth, "Marianne Weber als liberale Nationalistin," in Juergen Hess, Hartmut Lehmann, and Volker Sellin, eds., Heidelberg 1945 (Stuttgart: Steiner, 1996), 310-26. On Frank Lloyd Wright, Joseph Maria Olbrich, and the St. Louis Exposition, see Anthony Alfonsin, Frank Lloyd Wright: The Lost Years, 1910-1912: A Study of Influence (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), 12-40.
42. The description of Gehner is in The City of St. Louis and Its Resources (St. Louis, MO: Continental, 1893). For the history of the Mesker Brothers Iron Works, see the publication of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, Historic Illinois 28 (April 2006), conveniently online at www.illinoishistory.gov/gotmesker/Historic_ Illinois_Meskder.pdf; a 1903 wedding party photograph of the Gehner family appears on p. 5. As an ironic postscript, in 1960 the Gehners' stylish red granite German baroque mansion was razed to make room for the headquarters of the Optimist Club International.
43. The definitive study of public school reform and the role of Calvin Woodward in St. Louis is Selwyn K. Troen, The Public and the Schools: Shaping the St. Louis System, 1838-1920 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1975); the quotation from Harris is on 162.
44. William J. Reese, Power and the Promise of School Reform: Grassroots Movements During the Progressive Era (Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986), discusses the controversies over schooling in the Progressive Era.
45. The quoted letters from 1904 are from the Simon Newcomb Papers (September 20), the Georg Jellinek Papers (September 24), the Booker T. Washington Papers (September 25), and the William Harper Papers, University of Chicago Regenstein Library, Special Collections (October 7).
46. The report on the White House reception is "Delegates at White House," Washington Post, September 28, 1904.
47. Weber's letter of October 27, 1904 (see appendix 2) is in the Jacob Hollander Papers.
48. Hollander's letter of July 18, 1904, is in the Edwin Seligman Papers. Hollander reported on the Indian Territory in "A Report on School Taxation in Indian Territory," 58th United States Congress, 3rd Session, House of Representatives, Document 34 (1904); quotation herein on 2. The St. Louis presentations Weber likely attended were John Bates Clark, "Economic Theory in a New Character and Relation," 47-56;
49. Jacob H. Hollander, "The Scope and Method of Political Economy," 57-67;
50. William Z. Ripley, "Problems of Transportation," 95-112; and
51. Edwin R. A. Seligman, "Pending Problems in Public Finance," 190-200; in Congress of Arts and Science Universal Exposition, St. Louis, vol. 7, ed. Howard J. Rogers (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1906).
52. The Guthrie incident was reported in "Wouldn't Stay: German Professor's Visit at Guthrie was Suddenly Terminated," Daily Oklahoman, September 29, 1904; the Berlin press account comes from Marianne Weber's Papers (DWS), a clipping inserted by Helene Weber into her letter of October 2, addressed to Max and Marianne in Boston; my thanks to Sam Whimster for alerting me about this copy. Weber's arrival in Muskogee is mentioned in "A Distinguished Visitor," Muskogee Phoenix, September 28, 1904.
53. Clarence B. Douglas, Oklahoma in the Making from the Twin Territories (El Reno, OK: El Reno American, 1951), 28.
54. For Robert Owen, see the anonymous article "Senator Owen and the Halo of Romance," Current Opinion 56 (1914): 350;
55. yatt W. Belcher, "Political Leadership of Robert L. Owen," Chronicles of Oklahoma 31 (1953): 361-71.
56. For the statements about Bixby, Wright, and the Dawes-Bixby Commission, see Kent Carter, "Tams Bixby," Chronicles of Oklahoma 78 (2000): 412;
57. Kent Carter, "A Faithful Public Servant," Chronicles of Oklahoma 81 (2003), 55, 64; and Kent Carter, The Dawes Commission and the Allotment of the Five Civilized Tribes (Orem, UT: Ancestry. com, 1999), esp. chaps. 8 and 11; quotation herein on 175.
58. Owen's Congressional testimony is "Remarks before the Committee on the Territories of the House of Representatives," in Statehood for Indian Territory and Oklahoma (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1904), quotes herein on 5-6, 8.
59. See Narcissa Chisholm Owen, Memoirs (Oklahoma City: Oklahoma Historical Society, 1907), esp. 102-4;
60. Janet Shaffer, "The Indian Princess at Point of Honor," Lynch's Ferry: A Journal of Local History 7 (1994): 15-23; and
61. Joni L. Kinsey, "Cultivating the Grasslands: Women Painters in the Great Plains," in Independent Spirits: Women Painters of the American West, 1890-1945, ed. Patricia Trenton (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1995), 264-65, 268.
62. See Jean Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur, Letters from an American Farmer (New York: Signet, 1963), 36-37.
63. Zohn's comment is in Marianne Weber, Max Weber: A Biography, trans. Harry Zohn (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1988), 291 n. 22. D. H. Lawrence, Studies in Classic American Literature (New York: Penguin, 1977), 55, 69.
64. See John F. McDermott, "Introductory Essay," in Washington Irving, A Tour on the Prairies (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956), xxii. Weber's comments about Irving are in PESC, 261 n. 10, 275 n. 73; Baehr & Wells, 177-78, 194; GARS 1:167 n. 2, 188 n. 2.
65. Weber's statement about "ethical style of life" and capitalism is in Max Weber, "Second Reply to Fischer," in The Protestant Ethic Debate: Max Weber Replies to His Critics, 1907-10, ed. David J. Chalcraft and Austin Harrington (Liverpool, England: Liverpool University Press, 2001), 50.
66. Weber's letter to Jaffé, January 10, 1914, is in MWG II/8 (2003): 465-66; see also Edgar Jaffé, "Das englisch-amerikanische und das franszösische Bankwesen," in Bankwesen. Grundriss der Sozialökonomik vol. 2 (Tübingen, Germany: Mohr [Siebeck], 1915), esp. 209-14.
67. Weber's concluding remarks are in Max Weber, "Max Weber on 'The Rural Community': A Critical Edition of the English Text," trans. Peter Ghosh, History of European Ideas 31 (2005): 345-46; Gerth & Mills, 385; PESC, 181; Baehr & Wells, 121; GARS I, 203. I have revised the translations. Weber writes "fossilen Brennstoffs," the generic word for "fuel" or "petrol," as Baehr and Wells indicate, but Parsons translated it as "coal," an unfortunate, though minor, slip.
68. "The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line..." opens Du Bois's essay, "The Freedmen's Bureau," Atlantic Monthly 87 (1901): 354; revised as chapter 2 in The Souls of Black Folk ( (Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1903).
69. See appendix 2 for Weber's correspondence with W. E. B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington.
70. I would like to thank Guenther Roth for bringing to my attention Else Jaffe's letter to Du Bois, November 10, 1905, expressing her interest in the translation project and doubts about bringing it to fruition.
71. Dorothy Ross, The Origins of American Social Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), discusses the importance of the German universities for the nascent social sciences in America; quotation herein on 439.
72. Weber's statement about the South's problems as "essentially ethnic and not economical" is in his St. Louis speech. See MaxWeber, "Max Weber on 'The Rural Community': A Critical Edition of the English Text," trans. Peter Ghosh, History of European Ideas 31 (2005): 329.
73. "Caste in America" is reprinted as "Caste: That is the Root of the Trouble," in Writings by W.E.B. Du Bois in Periodicals Edited by Others, ed. Herbert Aptheker (Millwood, NY: Kraus-Thompson, 1982), 1:231-34.
74. Carl Schurz's article is "Can the South Solve the Negro Problem?" McClure's 22 (1904): 259-75. Weber knew about Schurz through his father, who had traveled with him across the United States, and from Friedrich Kapp, his political ally. There is no evidence, however, that he met Schurz in New York City.
75. Myrdal's classic is an important early exception to the absence of a sociology of race; see Gunnar Myrdal, An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy, with the assistance of Richard Sterner and Arnold Rose (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1944); quote herein on 952-53.
76. W.E.B. Du Bois, "The Relation of the Negroes to the Whites in the South," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 18 (1901): 121-40.
77. Weber's letter to Karl Bücher, February 1, 1909, is in MWG II/6 (1994): 46-50; and his comment on the talent for music in Negro churches comes from the 1905 text of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism; see Baehr & Wells, 192; PESC, 272.
78. Marianne Weber, Max Weber: A Biography, trans. Harry Zohn (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1988), 295.
79. Booker T. Washington, Character Building: Being Addresses Delivered on Sunday Eve nings to the Students of Tuskegee Institute (New York: Doubleday, Page, 1902), 91, 290.
80. W.E.B. Du Bois, "Die Negerfrage in den Vereinigten Staaten (The Negro Question in the United States) (1906)," trans. Joseph Fracchia, CR: The New Centennial Review 6, no. 3 (2006): 285.
81. See Max Weber, "Diskussionsbeiträge in der Debatte über Alfred Plötz: Die Begriffe Rasse und Gesellschaft und einige damit zusammenhängende Probleme," GASS, 456-62 (abridged text) and the original in Verhandlungen des Ersten Deutschen Soziologentages vom 19-22 Oktober 1910 in Frankfurt a. M. (Tübingen, Germany: Mohr [Siebeck], 1911), 151-65. The partial translation by Jerome Gittleman is cited above.
82. Weber's remarks at the 1912 meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie are reprinted in GASS, 489; this text has not been translated.
83. Ernst Moritz Manasse, "Max Weber on Race," Social Research 14, no. 2 (1947): 191.
84. Weber's 1898 outline of course lectures has been reissued as Grundriss zu den Vorlesungen über Allgemeine ("theoretische") Nationalökonomie (Tübingen, Germany: Mohr [Siebeck], 1990); see esp. §6, 9-10; and the lectures from 1894 to 1898 are in MWG III/1 (2009).
85. Max Weber's most pertinent texts are EaS, part 1, chap. 4, "Status Groups and Classes," esp. 302-7; part 1, chap. 5, "Ethnic Groups," 385-98; and part 2, chap. 9, "Political Communities," section 6, "The Distribution of Power within the Political Community: Class, Status, Party," 926-40; quotations herein are on 42, 389, 394-95; the passages on "ethnic communities" are in MWG I/22.1 (2001): 169-90; see esp. 178-79 on status honor and "poor white trash"; see also MWG I/22.5 (1999): 254.
86. William R. Majors, Change and Continuity: Tennessee Politics since the Civil War (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1986), 32, describes political contests as "bitter and confusing."
87. Murphy's campaign statement was reported in "Deputy Sheriff Yarnell Interrupted the Meeting," Knoxville Sentinel, October 10, 1904. Max Weber, "Politics as a Vocation," in Gerth & Mills, 103; MWG I/17 (1992): 204.
88. I allude to the classic formulation by Louis Hartz, The Liberal Tradition in America: An Interpretation of American Political Thought since the Revolution (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1955), esp. chap. 1.
89. This is a reference to Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class (New York: Macmillan, 1902 [1899]). The Biltmore estate is discussed in Witold Ryb czynski, A Clearing in the Distance: Frederick Law Olmsted and America in the Nineteenth Century (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1999), 379-84.
90. Peter Rosegger, Jakob, der Letzte. Eine Waldbauerngeschichte aus unseren Tagen, 13th ed. (Leipzig: L. Staackmann, 1904), quotation herein on 372. For the cultural significance of the Heimat literature, see Peter Blickle, Heimat: A Critical Theory of the German Idea of Homeland (Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2002).
91. Weber's references to the Mt. Airy episode are in Max Weber, "'Kirchen' und 'Sekten,'" Frankfurter Zeitung, April 13 and 15, 1906;
92. Max Weber, "'Kirchen' und 'Sekten' in Nordamerika. Eine kirchen- und sozialpolitische Skizze," Die Christliche Welt, June 14 and 21, 1906; translated by Colin Loader as "'Churches' and 'Sects' in North America: An Ecclesiastical Socio-Political Sketch," Sociological Theory 3, no. 1 (1985): 7-13. The final revision is Max Weber, "The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism" from GARS I, trans. Hans Gerth in Gerth & Mills, 302-22.
93. Max Weber, "'Kirchen' und 'Sekten,'" Frankfurter Zeitung, April 15, 1906; "'Churches' and 'Sects' in North America: An Ecclesiastical Socio-Political Sketch," trans. Colin Loader, Sociological Theory 3, no. 1 (1985); 10-11; translation modified here. An excellent recent discussion of Weber's theory of the sects and its modern implications is Sung Ho Kim, Max Weber's Politics of Civil Society (Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 2004).
94. Weber's reference to Rufus M. Jones is in a note added to the final revision of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, PESC, 253 note 169; GARS 1:151 note 4.
95. Weber mentions Allen Clapp Thomas's Haverford talk twice, though never with attribution; see PESC, 258 note 193; Baehr & Wells, 104, 175-76 n. 220; quotations herein are on 101, 104, 105. In the 1919-20 revision Weber adds "at Haverford College," GARS 1:162 note 4. The second reference is in "The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism," in Gerth & Mills, 317-18.
96. Hugo Münsterberg's major treatise, Die Grundzüge der Psychologie Leipzig: J. A. Barth, 1900), was better received in Germany than in the United States, partly because it was oriented to methodological issues raised in the Methodenstreit. For Münsterberg's place in psychology see Matthew Hale, Human Science and Social Order: Hugo Münsterberg and the Origins of Applied Psychology (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1980).
97. Ethel Puffer, "Studies in Symmetry," Psychological Review 4, no. 1 (1903), 467-539, reports on her work in experimental psychology at Harvard's Psychological Laboratory. Her treatise, The Psychology of Beauty (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1905), quotation herein on 39, was a study in aesthetics as well as psychology. Her later essays of interest-as Ethyl Puffer Howes-include "The Great Refusal," Atlantic Monthly 108 (1911): 625-33;
98. "Accepting the Universe," Atlantic Monthly 129 (1922): 444-53;
99. "Continuity for Women," Atlantic Monthly 130 (1922): 731-39;
100. quot;The Meaning of Progress in the Woman Movement," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 143 (1929): 14-20. The Institute for the Coordination of Women's Interests is covered in "An Institute to Coordinate Women's Interests Launched," Christian Science Monitor, October 22, 1925. For discussions of Ethel Puffer Howes as a "material feminist" or "pragmatist feminist" see Betty Friedan, The Second Stage (New York: Summit Books, 1981), esp. 292-97;
101. Dolores Hayden, The Grand Domestic Revolution: A History of Feminist Designs for American Homes, Neighborhoods, and Cities (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1981), esp. 267-77;
102. Elizabeth Scarborough and Laurel Furumoto, Untold Lives: The First Generation of American Women Psychologists (New York: Columbia University Press, 1987), chap. 3;
103. Elizabeth Scarborough, "Continuity for Women: Ethel Puffer's Struggle," in Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology, ed. Gregory A. Kimble, Michael Wertheimer, and Charlotte White (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1991), 105-19;
104. Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Pragmatism and Feminism: Reweaving the Social Fabric (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), esp. 46, 63-65. An imaginary dialogue concerning the meaning of "beauty" and set in William James's library with James, Puffer, Santayana, Münsterberg, and others as dramatis personae was broadcast on the radio by the U.S. Office of Education in the series Gallant American Women on January 2, 1940.
105. For Ernst Troeltsch's St. Louis presentation, see "Main Problems of the Philosophy of Religion: Psychology and Theory of Knowledge in the Science of Religion," Congress of Arts and Science, Universal Exposition, St. Louis 1904, ed. Howard J. Rogers, vol. 1 (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1905), 275-88;
106. see also his review of the book in Deutsche Literaturzeitung 25, December 10, 1904, 3021-27. Troeltsch's appreciation of James is "Empiricism and Platonism in the Philosophy of Religion: To the Memory of William James," Harvard Theological Review 5 (1912): 401-22; reprinted in translation in Ernst Troeltsch, Gesammelte Schriften. Zur religiösen Lage, Religionsphilosophie und Ethik, vol. 2 (Aalen, Germany: Scientia Verlag, 1962), 364-85.
107. William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (New York: Vintage, 1990 [1902]), quotations herein in lecture 1, 13. William James to Charles Eliot, August 13, 1902, in the Charles W. Eliot Papers, Box 125A.
108. Baumgarten's observations about James are in Eduard Baumgarten, Max Weber: Werk und Person (Tübingen, Germany: Mohr [Siebeck], 1964), 313.
109. William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (New York: Vintage, 1990 [1902]), lectures 4-5, "The Religion of Healthy-Mindedness," p. 105; lecture 6, "The Sick Soul," 128-29; lecture 8, "The Divided Self, and the Process of Its Unification," 155.
110. Weber's oft-quoted remark, "Denn ich bin zwar religiös absolut 'unmusikalisch' . . . Aber ich bin, nach genauer Prüfung, weder antireligiös, noch irreligiös [For I am really absolutely 'unmusical' religiously . . . But I am on close examination neither antireligous nor irreligious"] is in Max Weber to Ferdinand Tönnies, February 19, 1909, MWG II/6 (1994): 65. PESC, 104, 105, 108; GARS 1:93, 95, 98; Baehr & Wells, 73, 74; I have restored the original emphases from Weber's 1905 text.
111. Baehr & Wells, 69, 86; PESC, 97-98, 126; GARS 1:86, 125. Referring to the "psychological drives," Weber added the clarifying phrase "originating in religious belief and the practice of religion [Praxis des religiösen Lebens]" in the 1920 edition. Weber notes that "the idea of being put to the test [Bewährungsgedanke]" as the "psychological starting point for methodical morality" is fundamental to his inquiry; I am citing the original 1905 text, in Baehr and Wells's translation.
112. Baehr & Wells, 87; PESC, 128; GARS 1:128.
113. Max Weber to Adolf von Harnack, January 12, 1905, in the Adolf von Harnack Papers.
114. Baehr & Wells, 144 n. 113, their translation; PESC, 232 n. 66; GARS 1:111-2 n. 4.
115. See Weber's review in the Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik 29, no. 2 (1909), 615-20.
116. Max Weber, "Die Wirtschaftethik der Weltreligionen," is in GARS 1:237-75; translated by Hans Gerth as "The Social Psychology of the World Religions," in Gerth & Mills, 267-301; and recently translated by Sam Whimster as "Introduction to the Economic Ethics of the World Religions," in The Essential Weber: A Reader (London: Routledge, 2004), 55-80; quotations herein on 56, 69; I have retranslated these passages using Weber's original.
117. William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience, lecture 3, 74;
118. William James to Hugo Münsterberg, March 16, 1905, in the William James Papers. Martha Nussbaum, Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), is a recent discussion of the problem of the rationality of emotion and experience. On pragmatism generally, see Lewis Menand's excellent The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001).
119. Weber's oblique references to Otto von Klock and to the conversations in the Madison Avenue boarding house are in the final version of "The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism," GARS 1: 215, 216 nn. 1, 2; Gerth & Mills, 310-11, and "Class, Status, Party," EaS, 932; MWG I/22.1 (2001): 260; Gerth & Mills, 187.
120. Weber characterizes Theodore Roosevelt as a charismatic politician in Max Weber, "Charisma and Its Transformation," EaS, 1130-32; WuG, 849-50; the references are to Roosevelt's 1912 campaign, which Weber apparently followed with interest. For a recent discussion of Weber's ideas about charisma and their applicability see Peter Baehr, Caesarism, Charisma and Fate: Historical Sources and Modern Resonances in the Work of Max Weber (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 2008).
121. Weber's reference to the Marble Collegiate Church is in GARS 1:215 n. 1; Gerth & Mills, 310.
122. See Jean-Pierre Isbouts, Carrère and Hastings: Architects to an Era (PhD thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Leiden, 1980), esp. 144-48;
123. Mark Alan Hewitt, Kate Lemos, William Morrison, and Charles Davock Warren, Carrère and Hastings, Architects (New York: Acanthus Press, 2006). Carrère and Hastings also designed the New York Public Library and the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives office buildings in Washington, D.C. Hastings's theory of architecture is summarized in Thomas Hastings, "Modern Architecture," in Ralph Adams Cram, Thomas Hastings, and Claude Bragdon, Six Lectures on Architecture: The Scammon Lectures for 1915 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003 [1917]), 98-122; quotation herein on 98.
124. James's statements about "mind cure" are in William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (New York: Vintage, 1990) 92-93, 103, lectures 4 and 5 on the religion of healthy-mindedness.
125. For an overview of the Ethical Culture Society, see the book by Adler's assistant, David S. Muzzey, Ethics as a Religion (New York: Frederick Ungar, 1951), quote herein on 3-4; also Horace L. Friess, Felix Adler and Ethical Culture: Memories and Studies, ed. Fannia Weingarner (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981). Adler's twenty-page sermon "Mental Healing as a Religion" is in the Felix Adler Papers, Box 61.
126. Weber's comments about municipal reform and support for Catholic schools are in EaS, 961, 1195-96. The issues are also discussed in James Bryce's chapters on the party system generally in Bryce, The American Commonwealth (Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 1995), 2:683-906, as well as "The Tammany Ring in New York City,"1023-46, and "The Churches and the Clergy," 1370-85, in the same volume.
127. The Villard family history is found in Henry Villard, Memoires of Henry Villard: Journalist and Financier, 1835-1900, 2 vols. (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1904);
128. Fanny Garrison Villard, William Lloyd Garrison on Non-Resistance, Together with a Personal Sketch, and a Tribute by Leo Tolstoi (New York: Nation Press, 1924);
129. swald Garrison Villard, Fighting Years: Memoirs of a Liberal Editor (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1939), quotation herein on 21.
130. See also Michael Wreszin, Oswald Garrison Villard: Pacifist at War (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1965), and for the deeper sources of the family's civic zeal and nonconformist support of women's causes, African Americans, and the peace movement, Henry Mayer, All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2008 [1998]).
131. Yamei Kin's speech at the Committee on Political Education (in the little theater of the Berkeley Lyceum) was reported in "China a Real Power, Dr. Kin's Prediction," New York Times, November 13, 1904; see also James Kay Mac-Gregor, "Yamei Kin and Her Mission to the Chinese People," Craftsman 9 (1905): 242-49.
132. Weber's remarks about American workers' attitudes toward corruption are in Max Weber, "Socialism" (1918), in GASS, 496; and Lassman & Speirs, 277; I have revised the translation. 177-79 On Blaustein's work, see David Blaustein, Memoires of David Blaustein, Educator and Communal Worker, ed. Miriam Blaustein (New York: McBride, Nast, 1913).
133. Daniel Soyer, Jewish Immigrant Associations and American Identity in New York, 1880-1939 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997), is an excellent historical account.
134. Jonathan M. Hess, Germans, Jews and the Claims of Modernity (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002), discusses the discourse of Jewish emancipation and the promise, limits, and contradictions of Enlightenment universalism. Weber's references to Blaustein are in GARS 1:181-82 n. 2, 212 n. 3; PESC, 166, 270-71; Baehr & Wells, 112, 189; "The Protestant Sects," Gerth & Mills, 307; EaS, 623; MWG I/22.2 (2001): 432. Weber's phrase "specific and peculiar 'rationalism' of occidental culture," which I have adapted, is in PESC, 26; GARS 1:11.
135. Woodrow Wilson's Cooper Union speech is covered in "Wilson Says Elasticity Saves the Constitution," New York Times, November 20, 1904; emphasis added.
136. Weber's last letter from the journey is undated, but written on November 19 or later (MWP).
137. On Troeltsch's threefold distinction among church, sect, and mysticism, see Arie L. Molendijk, Zwischen Theologie und Soziologie. Ernst Troeltschs Typen der christlichen Gemeinschaftsbildung: Kirche, Sekte, Mystik (Gütersloh, Germany: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, 1996); see also the journal Troeltsch-Studien 9 (1996).
138. The CD-ROM selections from Weber's work (a partial selection only) are Max Weber. Das Werk, ed. Thomas Müller (Berlin: Heptagon, 2000), and Max Weber im Kontext, ed. Karsten Worm (Berlin: InfoSoftWare, 2001).
139. Weber's line about bureaucracy and democracy appears in Max Weber, "Socialism," in Lassman & Speirs, 279; GASS, 497.
140. See Max Weber, "Wahlrecht und Demokratie in Deutschland" (1917), in GPS, 233-79; Gerth & Mills, 386-95; MWG I/15 (1984). Weber's statement about the importance of American clubs is in a letter to Friedrich Crusius, November 24, 1918, in Max Weber, Gesammelte Politische Schriften, ed. Marianne Weber (Munich: Drei Masken Verlag, 1921), 483.
141. Offe's interpretation is in Claus Offe, "Max Weber: American Escape Routes from the Iron Cage?" in Reflections on America: Tocqueville, Weber and Adorno in the United States, trans. Patrick Camiller (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2005), quotation herein on 49, which relies in part on Georg Kamphausen, Die Erfindung Amerikas in der Kulturkritik der Generation von 1890 (Weilerswist, Germany: Velbrück Wissenschaft, 2002).
142. Sung Ho Kim, Max Weber's Politics of Civil Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), esp. 6, 91-3, 173-80.
143. Perry Miller, The New England Mind: From Colony to Province (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953), discusses the "Protestant ethic" in chapter 3, applying the idea to John Cotton's The Way of Life (London: n.p., 1641).
144. The definitive editions of "Science as a Vocation" and "Politics as a Vocation" are now in MWG I/17 (1992), edited by Wolfgang J. Mommsen and Wolfgang Schluchter. Hans Gerth and C. Wright Mills published their translation in Gerth & Mills, 77-156; quotes herein on 131, 149. The most recent translation is Max Weber, The Vocation Lectures, trans. Rodney Livingstone, ed. David Owen and Tracy B. Strong (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 2004), with an introduction by the editors.
145. For typical examples of Weber's popular reach, see John Le Carré, Absolute Friends (Boston: Little, Brown, 2003), 352, 390;
146. Patrick R. Keefe, "Iraq: America's Private Armies," New York Review of Books (August 12, 2004);
147. Earl Shorris, "Ignoble Liars: Leo Strauss, George Bush, and the Philosophy of Mass Deception," Harper's 308 (2004): 65-71;
148. Charles Kurzman, "Reading Weber in Tehran," Chronicle Review, November 1, 2009, available online at http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/ search?q=cache:E8IY5ofu0qQJ:chronicle.com/article/Social-Science-on-Trial-in/ 48949/+Charles+Kurzman,+"Reading+Weber+in+Tehran&cd=1&hl=en&ct= clnk&gl=us&client=safari; see also Matthew Yglesias's December 19, 2009, blog entry at http://yglesias.thinkprogress.org.
149. Roth's comments about "creative misinterpretations" are in Guenther Roth and Reinhard Bendix, Scholarship and Partisanship: Essays on Max Weber (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1971), 35;
150. Guenther Roth, "Max Weber: Family History, Economic Policy, Exchange Reform," International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 15, no. 3 (2002): 509.
151. David Kettler and Volker Meja, Karl Mannheim and the Crisis of Liberalism (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1995), 220-26, discusses the "refugee conversations."
152. Don Martindale, The Monologue: Hans Gerth (1908-1978), A Memoir (Ghaziabad, India: Intercontinental Press, 1982), is a work of refreshing candor that Guenther Roth brought to my attention; quotation herein on 2.
153. Lowell Bennion, Max Weber's Methodology (Paris: Les Presses Modernes, 1933);
154. see also Laurie N. DiPadova, "Max Weber and Lowell Bennion: Towards an Un derstanding of Hierarchy and Authority," Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 30 (1997): 1-24.
155. Weber's selected shorter texts are "Class, Status and Party," trans. Hans H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills, Politics 1 (1944): 272-78;
156. "The Hindu Social System," trans. and ed. Hans H. Gerth and Don Martindale, in Bulletin No. 1, Historical Series, vol. 1 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Sociology Club, n.d.);
157. "The Essentials of Bureaucratic Organization: An Ideal-Type Construction," 18-27, "The Presuppositions and Causes of Bureaucracy," 60-68, and "The Routinization of Charisma," 92-100, in Robert K. Merton, Alisa P. Gray, Barbara Hockey, and Hanan C. Selvin, eds., Reader in Bureaucracy (Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1952).
158. Shils's unpublished autobiographical reflections are found in "Some Notes on Max Weber in America" (1975-76); quotes herein on 28, 30, in ESP.
159. Parsons corresponded about translation issues with Dumas Malone, director of the Harvard University Press (February 25, 1939), Knight (May 17, 1939), Shils (May 17, 1939), Schelting (July 12, 1939), and Professor F. Gay (August 17, 1939)-all in TPP. See also Knight to Malone, May 20, 1939, in TPP.
160. Marianne Weber's March 13, 1937, letter is in FKP, Box 62; her "introduction" has apparently not survived. Correspondence a decade earlier on translation issues includes Oskar Siebeck to Marianne Weber, July 21, 1927 (VAMS), and an exchange between Parsons and Douglas, November 13 and December 7, 1927, TPP.
161. See Hugh D. Duncan, "The Uses and Misuses of Max Weber's Types of Legitimation in American Sociology," 316-43 (quote herein on 316), and Irving L. Horowitz, "Max Weber and the Spirit of American Sociology," 344-54 (quotes herein on 346, 350), in "Weber Symposium," special issue, Sociological Quarterly 5 (1964);
162. Louis Wirth, "Modern German Conceptions of Sociology," American Journal of Sociology 32 (1926): 461-67; quotation herein on 464.
163. See also Guenther Roth, "Heidelberger kosmopolitische Soziologie," in Das Weber-Paradigma: Studien zur Weiterentwicklung von Max Webers Forschungsprogramm, ed. Gert Albert, Agathe Bienfait, Steffen Sigmund, and Claus Wendt (Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck, 2003), 23-31.
164. See Theodore F. Abel, Systematic Sociology in Germany: A Critical Analysis of Some Attempts to Establish Sociology as an Independent Science (New York: Columbia University Press, 1929).
165. See Edward Shils, "Some Notes on Max Weber in America," 41-42, ESP.
166. See Edward Shils, "Some Academics, Mainly in Chicago," American Scholar 50 (1981): 179-96; quotation herein on 184.
167. The comment is Lutz Kaelber's in "Max Weber's Protestant Ethic in the 21st Century," International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 16, no. 1 (2002): 133.
168. Talcott Parsons's three reflections on his encounter with Weber's work are in "A Short Account of my Intellectual Development," Alpha Kappa Deltan 29, no. 1 (1959), 3-12;
169. "Dialogues with Parsons (1973-4)" ed. Martin Martel, in Essays on the Sociology of Talcott Parsons, ed. G. C. Hallen, Indian Journal of Social Research 17 (1976): 1-34, quotations herein on 4-5;
170. "The Circumstances of My Encounter with Max Weber," in Sociological Traditions from Generation to Generation, ed. Robert K. Merton and Matilda White Riley (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1980); quotations herein on 38, 39, emphasis added. For the biography of the work, see also Guy Rocher, "Talcott Parsons: A Critical Loyalty to Max Weber," in Max Weber's "Objectivity"Reconsidered, ed. Laurence McFalls (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007), 165-83.
171. For Weber's Franklin quotation, see PESC, 49; GARS 1:32. The phase de te narratur fabula is used in Max Weber, "The Social Causes of the Decay of Ancient Civilization," trans. Christian Mackauer, Journal of General Education 5 (1950): 76; GASW, 291.
172. The correspondence between Tawney and Stanley Unwin is in the George Allen and Unwin Archive.
173. See R. H. Tawney, Religion and the Rise of Capitalism (New York: Mentor, 1963), 3-9, for his preface to the 1937 edition. Kaelber's assessment is Lutz Kaelber, "Max Weber's Protestant Ethic in the 21st Century," International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 16, no. 1 (2002): 137.
174. Parsons's phrasings about being forced to work in a calling and the "specialists without spirit" are in PESC, 181, 182; GARS 1:203, 204.
175. Salin's views are expressed in Edgar Salin, Geschichte der Volkswirtschaftslehre, 4th ed. (Tübingen, Germany: Mohr [Siebeck], 1951 [1923]; reissued Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007), esp. 62-102 [1923]).
176. See Talcott Parsons, "'Capitalism' in Recent German Literature: Sombart and Weber," in Talcott Parsons: The Early Essays, ed. Charles Camic (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), esp. 3-4, 22-32; originally published in 1928-29 in the Journal of Political Economy.
177. Talcott Parsons, "The Circumstances of My Encounter with Max Weber," in Sociological Traditions from Generation to Generation, ed. Robert K. Merton and Matilda White Riley (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1980), 40.
178. See Guenther Roth, "Max Weber at Home and in Japan: On the Troubled Genesis and Successful Reception of His Work," International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 12, no. 13 (1999): 521, for comments on the sales of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism in a letter of July 30, 1934, from the governing director of Allen and Unwin to J.C.B. Mohr.
179. The four "disenchantment of the world" passages that Weber added in 1919-20 are PESC, 105, 117, 147, 149; GARS 1:94, 114, 156, 158.
180. The International Sociological Association reports the complete results of its reputational survey, "Books of the Century" at http://www.isa-sociology.org/books.
181. Edward Shils, "Some Notes on Max Weber in America," 32-33, 36-38; ESP, Box 46.
182. For the discussion of the Gerth, Mills, and Shils troika see Guy Oakes and Arthur J. Vidich, Collaboration, Reputation, and Ethics in American Academic Life: Hans H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (Urbana: University of Illinois Press 1999), esp. 21-37;
183. Guy Oakes and Arthur J. Vidich, "Gerth, Mills, and Shils: The Origins of From Max Weber," International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 12, no. 3 (1999): 399-433.
184. See also Donald A. Nielsen, "Hans H. Gerth, C. Wright Mills, and the Legacy of Max Weber," International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 13, no. 4 (2000): 649-61.
185. Perry wrote three notes to Parsons about the Weber "source book": December 7, 1928; and January 25 and June 10, 1929; TPP.
186. Mills's letter to Gerth, December 22, 1959, is in C. Wright Mills, Letters and Autobiographical Writings, ed. Kathryn Mills and Pamela Mills (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press 2002), 282.
187. There is a lengthy discussion of the composition and editorial interventions in Economy and Society, all of it pointing to the difficulties in compiling a text that lives up to Weber's intentions and conveys accurately his concepts, expositions, and arguments. A readable summation of these issues is Wolfgang J. Mommsen, "Max Weber's 'Grand Sociology': The Origins and Composition of Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Soziologie," History and Theory 39 (2000): 364-83;
188. see also MWG I/24, ed. Wolfgang Schluchter (2009). The most complete discussion of Parsons's translation of Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft is Keith Tribe, "Talcott Parsons as Translator of Max Weber's Basic Sociological Categories," History of European Ideas 33 (2007): 212-33.
189. Weber's text is in EaS, 1118; WuG, 838.
190. See Richard Swedberg, Max Weber and the Idea of Economic Sociology (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998), and Max Weber, Essays in Economic Sociology, ed. Richard Swedberg (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999).
191. The Shils and Schelting translation of the opening pages of EaS, 3-22, WuG, 3-15, is in FKP, Box 53; they used the overarching title "The Methodological Foundations of Sociology," a heading Parsons retained.
192. On the uses of "instrumental rationality," see Jürgen Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action, Volume One: Reason and the Rationalization of Society, trans. Thomas McCarthy (Boston: Beacon Press, 1984), chap. 2, 143-271.
193. The characterization of Weber as the "most important German thinker" is in Peter M. Rutkoff and William B. Scott, New School: A History of the New School for Social Research (New York: Free Press, 1986), 201;
194. see also Lewis Coser, Refugee Scholars in America: Their Impact and Experience (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1984);
195. Claus-Dieter Krohn, Intellectuals in Exile: Refugee Scholars and the New School for Social Research, trans. Rita and Robert Kimber (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993);
196. Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History, Theories, and Political Significance, trans. Michael Robertson (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1994);
197. Martin Jay, The Dialectical Imagination: A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of Social Research, 1923-1950, 2nd ed. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1996).
198. Hannah Arendt and Karl Jaspers, Correspondence 1926-1969, ed. L. Kohler and H. Saner, trans. Robert and Rita Kimber (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1992), 148-50. The compelling anecdote has been noticed by others and used for different purposes; see, for example, Peter Baehr, "The Grammar of Prudence: Arendt, Jaspers, and the Appraisal of Max Weber," in Hannah Arendt in Jerusalem, ed. Steven E. Aschheim (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001), 306-24.
199. Leo Lowenthal, An Unmastered Past: The Autobiographical Reflections of Leo Lowenthal, ed. Martin Jay (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1987), 148. The appellation "Intellectual desperado" is ascribed to Siegfried Krakauer: see Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History, Theories, and Political Significance, trans. Michael Robertson (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1994), 69.
200. Hannah Arendt and Karl Jaspers, Correspondence 1926-1969, ed. L. Kohler and H. Saner, trans. Robert and Rita Kimber (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1992), 203, 244.
201. Edward Shils, "Some Notes on Max Weber in America," 37-38; ESP, Box 46.
202. Neumann, "The Social Sciences," in The Cultural Migration: The European Scholar in America, ed. Franz L. Neumann, Henri Peyre, Erwin Panofsky, Wolfgang Köhler, and Paul Tillich (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press 1953), quotation herein on 22; emphasis added.
203. For the Columbia University Seminar on the State, see the Minutes for 1946-47 (Columbia University Seminars Office Archive), esp. October 18, and November 1 and 29, 1946, and January 17, 1947; I want to thank David Kettler for bringing this record to my attention. See also the commentary in Ira Katznelson, Desolation and Enlightenment: Political Knowledge after Total War, Totalitarianism, and the Holocaust (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003), 121-34.
204. Merleau-Ponty's judgments about Weber are in Maurice Merleau-Ponty, "The Crisis of the Understanding" (1955), in The Primacy of Perception and Other Essays, ed. James M. Edie (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1964), 193-210.
205. The records of presentations at the conferences in 1964 are "Max Weber: A Symposium," special issue, Sociological Quarterly 5, no. 4 (1964), and Max Weber and Sociology Today, ed. Otto Stammer, trans. Kathleen Morris (New York: Harper and Row, 1971);
206. see also Guenther Roth, "Heidelberg und Montreal: Zur Geschichte des Weberzentenariums 1964," in Das Faszinosum Max Weber. Die Geschichte seiner Geltung, ed. Karl-Ludwig Ay and Knut Borchardt (Konstanz, Germany: UVK, 2006), 377-91, and Guenther Roth, "Reminiscences of the Weber Centenary 1964, Its Prehistory and Aftermath: Lessons in Academic Politics," in Max Weber Matters, ed. David Chalcraft, Fanon Howell, M. L. Menendez, and Hector Vera, eds. (Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2008), 41-52.
207. See Uta Gerhardt, "Die Rolle der Remigranten auf dem Heidelberger Soziologentag 1964 und die Interpretation des Werkes Max Webers," in Zwischen den Stühlen? Remigranten und Remigration in der deutschen Medienöffentlichkeit der Nachkriegszeit, ed. Claus-Dieter Krohn and Axel Schildt (Hamburg: Christians Verlag, 2002), 216-43;
208. Uta Gerhardt, "Worlds Come Apart: Systems Theory versus Critical Theory. Drama in the History of Sociology in the Twentieth Century," American Sociologist 33 (2002): 5-39.
209. On "disenchantment" see the very different approaches in Anne Harrington, Reenchanted Science: Holism in German Culture from Wilhelm II to Hitler (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996);
210. Richard Jenkins, "Disenchantment, Enchantment and Re-Enchantment: Max Weber at the Millenium," Max Weber Studies 1 (2000), 11-32;
211. Jane Bennett, The Enchantment of Modern Life: Attachments, Crossings, and Ethics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001);
212. Wolfgang Schluchter, Die Entzauberung der Welt (Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck, 2009);
213. George Ritzer, Enchanting a Disenchanted World: Continuity and Change in the Cathedrals of Consumption, 3rd ed. (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2010).
214. M. Rainer Lepsius, "Eigenart und Potenzial des Weber-Paradigmas," in Das-Weber-Paradigma: Studien zur Weiterentwicklung von Max Webers Forschungsprogramm, ed. Gert Albert, Agathe Beinfair, Steffen Sigmund, and Claus Wendt (Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck, 2003), 32-41.
215. A recent example of a "Weberian" perspective put to good use, including explicit "ideal types," is Chris Wickham's magisterial Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400-800 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005). For an earlier generation of scholars employing Weber's arguments, see Moses I. Finley, The Ancient Economy (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1973).
216. See Max Weber, "The 'Objectivity' of Knowledge in Social Science and Social Policy," in The Essential Weber: A Reader, ed. Sam Whimster, trans. Keith Tribe (London: Routledge, 2004), 398: "But there are sciences destined to eternal youthfulness, and that includes all historical disciplines, all those disciplines to which the eternally advancing flow of culture poses new problems"; Shils & Finch, 204; GAW, 206.
217. "Statecraft and soulcraft" is used in Sung Ho Kim, Max Weber's Politics of Civil Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), chap. 6; quotation herein on 180.
218. Wolfgang Schwentker, Max Weber in Japan: Eine Untersuchung zur Wirkungsgeschichte 1905-1995 (Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck, 1998), 14-15; quoted in Guenther Roth, "Max Weber at Home and in Japan: On the Troubled Genesis and Successful Reception of His Work," International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 12, no. 13 (1999): 518; see also the essays in Max Weber und das moderne Japan, ed. Wolfgang Schwentker and Wolfgang J. Mommsen (Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1999).
219. Weber's first letter to Du Bois consists of two pages and is incomplete; it is written on Holland House stationary. Weber wrote the address of the boarding house, 167 Madison Avenue in New York, where he would be staying after November 7.
220. Weber's third letter to Du Bois was reproduced, with minor errors, in The Correspondence of W.E.B. Du Bois, ed. Herbert Aptheker (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1973), 1:106-7.
221. The works mentioned in Weber's third letter to Du Bois are Booker T. Washington, Character Building (New York: Doubleday, 1902);
222. Thomas Nelson Page, The Negro: The Southerner's Problem (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1904); American Negro Academy Occasional Papers, nos. 1-11 (1896-1905);
223. Walter F. Wilcox, "The Census Statistics of the Negro," Yale Review, May 1904, 274-86. "Viereck" must be Louis Viereck, the German immigrant and member of the Deutsche Gesellschaft der Stadt New York, though I have not been able to identify the publication.
224. The two-page transcription of the original of Du Bois's letter is incomplete. Du Bois's letters have not been found in Max or Marianne Weber's papers.
225. In Weber's last letter to Du Bois, the word "perhaps" is crossed out in the original.