A two-year follow-up study of salivary cortisol concentration and the risk of depression

Psychoneuroendocrinology

Volumn 38, Issue 10, 2013, Pages 2042-2050

  Grynderup, Matias Brødsgaard ^a   Kolstad, Henrik Albert ^a   Mikkelsen, Sigurd ^b   Andersen, Johan Hviid ^c   Bonde, Jens Peter ^b   Buttenschøn, Henriette Nørmølle ^a   Kærgaard, Anette ^c   Kærlev, Linda ^d   Rugulies, Reiner ^e   Thomsen, Jane Frølund ^b   Vammen, Marianne Agergaard ^b   Mors, Ole ^a   Hansen, Åse Marie ^e,f  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b BISPEBJERG HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^c HERNING HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^d ODENSE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^e NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE FOR THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT   (Denmark)

^f UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Cortisol; Depression; Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis; Prospective

Indexed keywords

HYDROCORTISONE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HORMONE DETERMINATION; HUMAN; HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; SALIVA ANALYSIS; SALIVA LEVEL;

CORTISOL; DEPRESSION; HYPOTHALAMIC PITUITARY ADRENAL AXIS; PROSPECTIVE;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; DENMARK; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; SALIVA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84883877114     PISSN: 03064530     EISSN: 18733360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.03.013     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Adam E.K., Doane L.D., Zinbarg R.E., Mineka S., Craske M.G., Griffith J.W. Prospective prediction of major depressive disorder from cortisol awakening responses in adolescence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2010, 35:921-931.
2. Andersen I., Thielen K., Nygaard E., Diderichsen F. Social inequality in the prevalence of depressive disorders. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2009, 63:575-581.
3. Boden J.M., Fergusson D.M., Norwood L.J. Cigarette smoking and depression: tests of causal linkages using a longitudinal birth cohort. Br. J. Psychiatry 2010, 196:440-446.
4. Brown E.S., Varghese F.P., Mcewen B.S. Association of depression with medical illness: does cortisol play a role?. Biol. Psychiatry 2004, 55:1-9.
5. Burcusa S.L., Iacono W.G. Risk for recurrence in depression. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 2007, 27:959-985.
6. Burke H.M., Davis M.C., Otte C., Mohr D.C. Depression and cortisol responses to psychological stress: a meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2005, 30:846-856.
7. Christensen K.S., Fink P., Toft T., Frostholm L., Ornbol E., Olesen F. A brief case-finding questionnaire for common mental disorders: the CMDQ. Fam. Pract. 2005, 22:448-457.
8. Cohen S., Kamarck T., Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J. Health Soc. Behav. 1983, 24:385-396.
9. Edwards S., Evans P., Hucklebridge F., Clow A. Association between time of awakening and diurnal cortisol secretory activity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2001, 26:613-622.
10. Ellenbogen M.A., Hodgins S., Linnen A.M., Ostiguy C.S. Elevated daytime cortisol levels: a biomarker of subsequent major affective disorder?. J. Affect. Disord. 2011, 132:265-269.
11. Garde A.H., Hansen A.M., Nikolajsen T.B. An inter-laboratory comparison for determination of cortisol in saliva. Accred. Qual. Assur. 2003, 8:16-20.
12. Goodyer I.M., Croudace T., Dudbridge F., Ban M., Herbert J. Polymorphisms in BDNF (Va166Met) and 5-HTTLPR, morning cortisol and subsequent depression in at-risk adolescents. Br. J. Psychiatry 2010, 197:365-371.
13. Goodyer I.M., Herbert J., Tamplin A., Altham P.M.E. Recent life events, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and the onset of major depression in high-risk adolescents. Br. J. Psychiatry 2000, 177:499-504.
14. Grynderup M.B., Mors O., Hansen A.M., Andersen J.H., Bonde J.P., Kaergaard A., Kaerlev L., Mikkelsen S., Rugulies R., Thomsen J.F., Kolstad H.A. A two-year follow-up study of risk of depression according to work-unit measures of psychological demands and decision latitude. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 2012, 38:527-536.
15. Halligan S.L., Herbert J., Goodyer I., Murray L. Disturbances in morning cortisol secretion in association with maternal postnatal depression predict subsequent depressive symptomatology in adolescents. Biol. Psychiatry 2007, 62:40-46.
16. Hammen C. Stress and depression. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 2005, 1:293-319.
17. Hansen A.M., Garde A.H., Christensen J.M., Eller N.H., Netterstrom B. Evaluation of a radioimmunoassay and establishment of a reference interval for salivary cortisol in healthy subjects in Denmark. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 2003, 63:303-310.
18. Harris T.O., Borsanyi S., Messari S., Stanford K., Cleary S.E., Shiers H.M., Brown G.W., Herbert J. Morning cortisol as a risk factor for subsequent major depressive disorder in adult women. Br. J. Psychiatry 2000, 177:505-510.
19. Hasin D.S., Goodwin R.D., Stinson F.S., Grant B.F. Epidemiology of major depressive disorder - Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcoholism and Related Conditions. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2005, 62:1097-1106.
20. Heaney J.L.J., Phillips A.C., Carroll D. Ageing, depression, anxiety, social support and the diurnal rhythm and awakening response of salivary cortisol. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2010, 78:201-208.
21. Jonsdottir I.H., Halford C., Eek F. Mental Health and Salivary Cortisol: The Role of Saliva Cortisol Measurement in Health and Disease 2012, 132-172. Bentham eBooks.
22. Kaerlev L., Kolstad H.A., Hansen A.M., Thomsen J.F., Kaergaard A., Rugulies R., Mikkelsen S., Andersen J.H., Mors O., Grynderup M.B., Bonde J.P. Are risk estimates biased in follow-up studies of psychosocial factors with low base-line participation?. BMC Public Health 2011, 11:539.
23. Kessler R.C. The effects of stressful life events on depression. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1997, 48:191-214.
24. Knorr U., Vinberg M., Kessing L.V., Wetterslev J. Salivary cortisol in depressed patients versus control persons: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2010, 35:1275-1286.
25. Kolstad H.A., Hansen A.M., Kaergaard A., Thomsen J.F., Kaerlev L., Mikkelsen S., Grynderup M.B., Mors O., Rugulies R., Kristensen A.S., Andersen J.H., Bonde J.P. Job strain and the risk of depression: is reporting biased?. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2011, 173:94-102.
26. Kristensen T.S., Hannerz H., Hogh A., Borg V. The Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire - a tool for the assessment and improvement of the psychosocial work environment. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 2005, 31:438-449.
27. Kudielka B.M., Buchtal J., Uhde A., Wust S. Circadian cortisol profiles and psychological self-reports in shift workers with and without recent change in the shift rotation system. Biol. Psychol. 2007, 74:92-103.
28. Maddock C., Pariante C.M. How does stress affect you? An overview of stress, immunity, depression and disease. Epidemiol. Psichiatr. Soc. 2001, 10:153-162.
29. Olsen L.R., Mortensen E.L., Bech P. Prevalence of major depression and stress indicators in the Danish general population. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2004, 109:96-103.
30. Pariante C.M., Lightman S.L. The HPA axis in major depression: classical theories and new developments. Trends Neurosci. 2008, 31:464-468.
31. Pruessner J.C., Wolf O.T., Hellhammer D.H., BuskeKirschbaum A., vonAuer K., Jobst S., Kaspers F., Kirschbaum C. Free cortisol levels after awakening: a reliable biological marker for the assessment of adrenocortical activity. Life Sci. 1997, 61:2539-2549.
32. Ranjit N., Young E.A., Raghunathan T.E., Kaplan G.A. Modeling cortisol rhythms in a population-based study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2005, 30:615-624.
33. Risch N., Herrell R., Lehner T., Liang K.Y., Eaves L., Hoh J., Griem A., Kovacs M., Ott J., Merikangas K.R. Interaction between the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR). Stressful life events, and risk of depression a meta-analysis. JAMA 2009, 301:2462-2471.
34. Rosmond R., Bjorntorp P. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity as a predictor of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and stroke. J. Internal Med. 2000, 247:188-197.
35. Spijker J., De Graaf R., Bijl R.V., Beekman A.T.F., Ormel J., Nolen W.A. Duration of major depressive episodes in the general population: results from The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Br. J. Psychiatry 2002, 181:208-213.
36. Stetler C., Miller G.E. Depression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation: a quantitative summary of four decades of research. Psychosom. Med. 2011, 73:114-126.
37. Vrshek-Schallhorn S., Doane L.D., Mineka S., Zinbarg R.E., Craske M.G., Adam E.K. The cortisol awakening response predicts major depression: predictive stability over a 4-year follow-up and effect of depression history. Psychosom. Med. 2012, 1-11.
38. Westgard J.O., Barry P.L., Hunt M.R., Groth T. A multi-rule shewhart chart for quality-control in clinical-chemistry. Clin. Chem. 1981, 27:493-501.
39. Wing J.K., Babor T., Brugha T., Burke J., Cooper J.E., Giel R., Jablenski A., Regier D., Sartorius N. SCAN. Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1990, 47:589-593.
40. Yehuda R., Teicher M.H., Trestman R.L., Levengood R.A., Siever L.J. Cortisol regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression: a chronobiological analysis. Biol. Psychiatry 1996, 40:79-88.