Ascertaining the 2004-2006 HIV type 1 CRF07_BC outbreak among injecting drug users in Taiwan

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 17, Issue 10, 2013, Pages

  Hsieh, Ying Hen ^a  

^a CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Asia; Correlation analysis; Drug users; Mathematical model; Outbreak turning point; Reproduction number

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; HARM REDUCTION; HETEROSEXUALITY; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE; MALE; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; TAIWAN; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS;

ASIA; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DRUG USERS; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; OUTBREAK TURNING POINT; REPRODUCTION NUMBER;

DISEASE OUTBREAKS; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MODELS, STATISTICAL; NEEDLE SHARING; RISK FACTORS; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SUBSTANCE ABUSE, INTRAVENOUS; TAIWAN;

EID: 84883802589     PISSN: 12019712     EISSN: 18783511     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.01.002     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Chen Y.M., Lan Y.C., Lai S.F., Yang J.Y., Tsai S.F., Kuo H.S. HIV-1 CRF07_BC infections, injecting drug users, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 2006, 12:703-705.
2. Chen Y.M., Kuo H.S. HIV-1 in Taiwan. Lancet 2007, 369:623-625.
3. Lin Y.T., Lan Y.C., Chen Y.J., Huang Y.H., Lee C.M., Liu T.T., et al. Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection and full-length genomic analysis of circulating recombinant form 07_BC strains from injecting drug users in Taiwan. J Infect Dis 2007, 195:1283-1293.
4. Yang C.H., Yang S.Y., Shen M.H., Kuo H.S. The changing epidemiology of prevalent diagnosed HIV infections in Taiwan, 1984-2005. Int J Drug Policy 2008, 19:317-323.
5. Taiwan Center for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS database. Available at: (accessed: April 5, 2012). http://www.cdc.gov.tw/WebSite_En/Health%20topics/Communicable%20Diseases%20%26%20Prevention/Issues%20of%20HIV-AIDS/Statistics%20of%20HIV-AIDS/Download%20HIV-AIDS%20Data.htm.
6. Piyasirisilp S., McCutchan F.E., Carr J.K., Sanders-Buell E., Liu W., Chen J., et al. A recent outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in southern China was initiated by two highly homogeneous, geographically separated strains, circulating recombinant form AE and a novel BC recombinant. J Virol 2000, 74:11286-11295.
7. Cohen J. Asia and Africa: on different trajectories?. Science 2004, 304:1932-1933.
8. Lim W.L., Xing H., Wong K.H., Wong M.C., Shao Y.M., Ng M.H., et al. The lack of epidemiological link between the HIV type 1 infections in Hong Kong and Mainland China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2004, 20:259-262.
9. Hsieh Y.H., Chen C.W., Lee S.M. Empirical Bayes approach to estimate the number of HIV-infected individuals in hidden and elusive populations. Stat Med 2000, 19:3095-3108.
10. Hsieh Y.H., Wang H.C., Arazoza H., Lounes R., Twu S.J., Hsu H.M. Ascertaining HIV underreporting in low prevalence countries using the approximate ratio of underreporting. J Biol Systems 2005, 13:441-454.
11. Kao C.F., Chang S.Y., Hsia K.T., Chang F.Y., Yang C.H., Liu H.R., et al. Surveillance of HIV type 1 recent infection and molecular epidemiology among different risk behaviors between 2007 and 2009 after the HIV type 1 CRF07_BC outbreak in Taiwan. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2011, 27:745-749.
12. Hsieh Y.H., Lee J.Y., Chang H.L. SARS epidemiology. Emerg Infect Dis 2004, 10:1165-1167.
13. Richards F.J. A flexible growth function for empirical use. J Exp Botany 1959, 10:290-300.
14. Zhou G., Yan G. Severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in Asia. Emerg Infect Dis 2003, 9:1608-1610.
15. Hsieh Y.H., Cheng Y.S. Real-time forecast of multi-wave epidemic outbreaks. Emerg Infect Dis 2006, 12:122-127.
16. Hsieh Y.H., Chen C.W. Turning points, reproduction number, and impact of climatological events on multi-wave dengue outbreaks. Trop Med Int Health 2009, 16:1-11.
17. Wallinga J., Lipsitch M. How generation intervals shape the relationship between growth rates and reproductive numbers. Proc Biol Sci 2007, 274:599-604.
18. Hsieh Y.H., Stefan M. Intervention measures, turning point, and reproduction number for dengue, Singapore, 2005. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2009, 80:66-71.
19. Said S.E., Dickey D.A. Testing for unit roots in autoregressive moving average models of unknown order. Biometrika 1984, 71:599-607.
20. Granger C.W. Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica 1969, 37:424-438.
21. Anderson R.M., May R.M. Epidemiological parameters of HIV transmission. Nature 1988, 333:514-519.
22. Kaplan E.H. Needles that kill: modeling human immunodeficiency virus transmission via shared drug injection equipment in shooting galleries. Clin Infect Dis 1989, 11:289-298.
23. Blower S.M., Hartel D., Dowlatabadi H., Anderson R.M., May R.M. Drugs, sex and HIV: a mathematical model for New York City. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1991, 331:171-187.
24. Grassly N.C., Harvey P.H., Holmes E.C. Population dynamics of HIV-1 inferred from gene sequences. Genetics 1999, 151:427-438.
25. Chen Y.J., Huang Y.H., Chuang S.Y., Kao D.Y., Lan Y.C., Yang J.Y., et al. Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 subtype B, CRF01_AE, and CRF07_BC infection among injection drug users in Taiwan. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010, 53:425-439.
26. Yang SY. Oral presentation. Eighth Taipei International Conference on HIV/AIDS. Taipei; 2006. Available at: (accessed: December 29, 2011). http://www.cdc.gov.tw/file/S1-3%20.pdf.
27. Hsieh Y.H., Fisman D., Wu J. Epidemic modeling in real time: 2009 novel A (H1N1) influenza outbreak in Canada. BMC Res Notes 2010, 3:283.