Drones: Disembodied aerial warfare and the unarticulated threat

International Affairs

Volumn 89, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 1237-1246

  Dunn, David Hastings ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84883788031     PISSN: 00205850     EISSN: 14682346     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-2346.12069     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. See http://www.britishbattles.com/100-years-war/agincourt.htm, accessed 24 July 2013.
2. 'Unmanned' as a term is similarly disliked as this fails to take account of both how labour-intensive their operation is and also how much control is exercised over their use. 'Unmanned' is also gender-specific. A better term might be 'disembodied aerial systems' or DAS-but 'drones' has now stuck and is unlikely to be dislodged.
3. A good example of this debate to date is Michael J. Boyle's 'The costs and consequences of drone warfare', International Affairs 89: 1, Jan. 2013, pp. 1-29
4. See Committee on Forecasting Future Disruptive Technologies and National Research Council, Persistent forecasting of disruptive technologies (Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2010), p. xvhttp:// www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12557
5. David Ignatius, 'Our default is killing terrorists by drone attack. Do you care?', Washington Post, 2 Dec. 2010http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/01/AR2010120104458.html
6. Ignatius cites Michael Hayden, a former director of the CIA, as asking: 'Have we made detention and interrogation so legally difficult and politically risky that our default option is to kill our adversaries rather than capture and interrogate them?'
7. David H. Dunn, Nicholas J. Wheeler and Stefan Wolff, 'Legal, legitimate, and effective drone warfare: grand illusion or future reality?', The Birmingham Brief, 4 Dec. 2012http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/ thebirminghambrief/items/Legal,-Legitimate,-and-Effective-Drone-Warfare-Grand-Illusion-or-Future- Reality.aspx
8. 'Unmanned drones used for spraying to better assist crop growth', 9 June 2013http://sacramento.cbslocal. com/2013/06/09/unmanned-drones-used-for-spraying-to-better-assist-crop-growth/
9. Michael V. Copeland, 'Beyond surveillance: envisioning the future drone workforce', http://www.wired. com/business/2013/05/the-business-of-putting-robots-in-the-sky/
10. Bruce Upbin, 'Drones can save the world, drones can destroy us all', Forbes Magazine, 11 June 2013http:// www.forbes.com/sites/bruceupbin/2013/06/11/drones-can-save-the-world-drones-can-destroy-us-all/
11. Lev Grossmanhttp://mashable.com/2013/06/12/sushi-drone-delivery/?utm_campaiashgn =Feed:+Mashable+%28Mashable%29utm_cid=M-Product-RSS-Pheedo-All,http:// www.orangutan.com/projects/conservation-drone-project/ 18-25
12. Grossman, 'Drone home', p. 23
13. Grossman, 'Drone home', p. 22
14. Nick Wingfield and Somini Sengupta, 'Drones set sights on US skies', New York Times, 17 Feb. 2012http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/18/technology/drones-with-an-eye-on-the-public-cleared-to-fly. html?pagewanted=all_r=0, accessed
15. Grossman, 'Drone home', p. 23.
16. William Wan and Peter Finn, 'Global race on to match US drone capabilities', Washington Post, 4 July 2011, http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2011-07-04/world/35238016_1_surveillance-drones-general-atomicsaeronautical- systems-zhuhai-air-show
17. Peter W. Singer, 'The proliferation of drones', IP Journal, 19 June 2013, https://ip-journal.dgap.org/en/ ip-journal/topics/proliferation-drones
18. Kenneth Anderson of American University in Washington DC, cited by Wan and Finn, 'Global race on to match US drone capabilities'.
19. Wan and Finn, 'Global race on to match US drone capabilities'.
20. Mohammed Najib and David Eshel, 'Exploding toy planes: the next threat to Israel security', 25 Feb. 2003, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/851749/posts
21. Najib and David Eshel, 'Exploding toy planes
22. Dennis Gormley, 'Unmanned air vehicles as terror weapons: real or imagined?', 1 July 2005http://www.nti. org/analysis/articles/unmanned-air-vehicles-terror-weapons/
23. Abby Goodnough, 'Man is held in a plan to bomb Washington', 28 Sept. 2011http://www.nytimes.com/ 2011/09/29/us/massachusetts-man-accused-of-plotting-to-bomb-washington.html
24. See Jeevan Vasagar, 'Students "planned terror attack using remote control planes"', Daily Telegraph, 25 June 2013http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/10140642/Students-planned-terror-attackusing- remote-control-planes.html
25. Interview with senior RAF officer, Birmingham, 10 June 2013
26. Gormley, 'Unmanned air vehicles as terror weapons', p. 7.
27. Brian A. Jackson and David R. Frelinger, Emerging threats and security planning: how should we decide what hypothetical threats to worry about?, occasional paper (Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 2009), p. 7http://www. rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/occasional_papers/2009/RAND_OP256.pdf
28. Jackson and Frelinger, Emerging threats and security planning, p. 8.
29. Jackson and Frelinger, Emerging threats and security planning, p. 9
30. See Boyle, 'The costs and consequences of drone warfare
31. Jackson and Frelinger, Emerging threats and security planning, p. 8.
32. Interview with retired senior MOD civil servant, Birmingham, 3 June 2013
33. Jackson and Frelinger, Emerging threats and security planning, p. 9
34. Jackson and Frelinger, Emerging threats and security planning, p. 9
35. Gormley, 'Unmanned air vehicles as terror weapons', p. 5
36. Chloe Hadjimatheou, 'Mathias Rust: German teenager who flew to Red Square', BBC News Magazine, 7 Dec. 2012http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20609795
37. Gormley, 'Unmanned air vehicles as terror weapons'.
38. Gormley, 'Unmanned air vehicles as terror weapons'.
39. I am grateful to Flt Lt Ian Grogan, RAF, of the University of Birmingham Air Squadron, for this point
40. 'US anti-drone weapon unveiled , accessed 24 July 2013. http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2010/07/22/ US-anti-drone-weapon-unveiled/UPI-67511279821910/