메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 291-314

Measuring and explaining undeclared work in germany an empirical survey with a special focus on social desirability bias;Messung und Erklärung von Schwarzarbeit in Deutschland - Eine empirische Befragungsstudie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Problems der sozialen Erwünschtheit

Author keywords

Item count technique.; Randomized response technique; Sensitive questions; Shadow economy; Social desirability; Undeclared work

Indexed keywords


EID: 84883644145     PISSN: 03401804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/zfsoz-2013-0403     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (12)

References (117)
  • 2
    • 0348227735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new method of examining relationships between individual difference measures and sensitive behavior criteria: Evaluating the unmatched count technique
    • Ahart, A.M. & PR. Sackett, 2004: A new method of examining relationships between individual difference measures and sensitive behavior criteria: evaluating the unmatched count technique. Organizational Research Methods 7: 101-114.
    • (2004) Organizational Research Methods , vol.7 , pp. 101-114
    • Ahart, A.M.1    Sackett, P.R.2
  • 4
    • 0033241347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing logit and probit coefficients across groups
    • Allison, P.D., 1999: Comparing logit and probit coefficients across groups. Sociological Methods and Research 28:186-208.
    • (1999) Sociological Methods and Research , vol.28 , pp. 186-208
    • Allison, P.D.1
  • 6
    • 0007066537 scopus 로고
    • Asking the embarrassing question
    • Barton, A.H., 1958: Asking the embarrassing question. Public Opinion Quarterly 22: 67-68.
    • (1958) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.22 , pp. 67-68
    • Barton, A.H.1
  • 7
    • 33646516243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of marginal effects using margeff
    • Bartus, T, 2005: Estimation of Marginal Effects Using Margeff. Stata Journal 5: 309-329. (Pubitemid 43708466)
    • (2005) Stata Journal , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 309-329
    • Bartus, T.1
  • 8
    • 0000787258 scopus 로고
    • Crime and punishment: An economic approach
    • Becker, G.S., 1968. Crime and punishment: an economic approach. Journal of Political Economy 76:169-217.
    • (1968) Journal of Political Economy , vol.76 , pp. 169-217
    • Becker, G.S.1
  • 9
    • 0003241974 scopus 로고
    • Optimal tax evasion and optimal tax evasion policy: Behavioral aspects. S
    • W. Gaertner & A. Wenig (Hrsg.), New York: Springer
    • Benjamini,Y. & S. Maital, 1985: Optimal tax evasion and optimal tax evasion policy: Behavioral aspects. s. 245-264 in: W. Gaertner & A. Wenig (Hrsg.), The Economics of the Shadow Economy. New York: Springer.
    • (1985) The Economics of the Shadow Economy , pp. 245-264
    • Benjamini, Y.1    Maital, S.2
  • 10
  • 11
    • 84874990709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A test of the item count methodology for estimating cocaine use prevalence. S
    • J. Kennet & J. Gfroerer (Hrsg.), Rockville: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration
    • Biemer, R, B.K. Jordan, M.L. Hubbard & D. Wright, 2005: A test of the item count methodology for estimating cocaine use prevalence. s. 149-174 in: J. Kennet & J. Gfroerer (Hrsg.), Evaluating and Improving Methods Used in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Rockville: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration.
    • (2005) Evaluating and Improving Methods Used in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health , pp. 149-174
    • Biemer, R.1    Jordan, B.K.2    Hubbard, M.L.3    Wright, D.4
  • 13
    • 38248999782 scopus 로고
    • A Fairness Approach to Income Tax Evasion
    • Bordignon, M., 1993: A Fairness Approach to Income Tax Evasion. Journal of Public Economics 52:345-62.
    • (1993) Journal of Public Economics , vol.52 , pp. 345-362
    • Bordignon, M.1
  • 14
    • 85044904382 scopus 로고
    • Assuring confidentiality of responses in social research: A note on strategies
    • Boruch, R.F., 1971: Assuring confidentiality of responses in social research: A note on strategies. American Sociologist 6: 308-311.
    • (1971) American Sociologist , vol.6 , pp. 308-311
    • Boruch, R.F.1
  • 16
    • 77954743610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working Paper. National University of Australia. Canberra
    • Breusch, T, 2005: Estimating the Underground Economy using MIMIC Models. Working Paper. National University of Australia. Canberra, http://steconomice. uoradea.ro/leonardo3/pdf/ ESTIMATING%20THE%20UNDERGROUND%20ECONOMY%20USING%20MIMIC%20MODELS.pdf (Zugriff: 22.04.2013).
    • (2005) Estimating the Underground Economy Using MIMIC Models
    • Breusch, T.1
  • 18
    • 53249102036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Descriptive Social Norms as Underappreciated Sources of Social Control
    • Cialdini, R.B., 2007: Descriptive Social Norms as Underappreciated Sources of Social Control. Psychometrika 72: 263-268.
    • (2007) Psychometrika , vol.72 , pp. 263-268
    • Cialdini, R.B.1
  • 20
    • 62549156284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive questions, truthful answers? Modeling the list experiment with LISTIT
    • Corstange, D., 2009: Sensitive questions, truthful answers? modeling the list experiment with LISTIT. Political Analysis 17: 45-63.
    • (2009) Political Analysis , vol.17 , pp. 45-63
    • Corstange, D.1
  • 21
    • 78651384397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive questions in online surveys: Experimental results for the randomized response technique (RRT) and the unmatched count technique (UCT)
    • Coutts, E. & B. Jann, 2011: Sensitive questions in online surveys: experimental results for the randomized response technique (RRT) and the unmatched count technique (UCT). Sociological Methods & Research 40: 169-193.
    • (2011) Sociological Methods & Research , vol.40 , pp. 169-193
    • Coutts, E.1    Jann, B.2
  • 22
    • 84855168493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plagiarism in student papers: Prevalence estimates using special techniques for sensitive questions
    • (Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik)
    • Coutts, E., B. Jann, I. Krumpal & A.-F. Näher, 2011: Plagiarism in student papers: prevalence estimates using special techniques for sensitive questions. Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik) 231: 749-760.
    • (2011) Journal of Economics and Statistics , vol.231 , pp. 749-760
    • Coutts, E.1    Jann, B.2    Krumpal, I.3    Näher, A.-F.4
  • 24
    • 0031116643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why people pay taxes: From a conventional economic model to a model of social convention
    • PII S016748709700010X
    • Cullis, J.G. & A. Lewis, 1997: Why People Pay Taxes. From a Conventional Economic Model to a Model of Social Convention. Journal of Economic Psychology 18:305-321. (Pubitemid 127165659)
    • (1997) Journal of Economic Psychology , vol.18 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 305-321
    • Cullis, J.G.1    Lewis, A.2
  • 25
    • 21844494909 scopus 로고
    • Using the unmatched count technique (UCT) to estimate base rates for sensitive behavior
    • Dalton, D.R., J.C. Wimbush & CM. Daily, 1994: Using the unmatched count technique (UCT) to estimate base rates for sensitive behavior. Personnel Psychology 47: 817-828.
    • (1994) Personnel Psychology , vol.47 , pp. 817-828
    • Dalton, D.R.1    Wimbush, J.C.2    Daily, C.M.3
  • 26
    • 84883645021 scopus 로고
    • Anonymisierte befragungen mit zufallsverschlüsselten antworten. Die randomized-responsetechnik (rrt): Methodische grundlagen, modelle und anwendungen
    • Frankfurt a.M.: Lang.
    • Deffaa, W, 1982: Anonymisierte befragungen mit zufallsverschlü sselten antworten. Die randomized-responsetechnik (rrt): Methodische grundlagen, modelle und anwendungen. Reihe: Hohenheimer volkswirtschaftliche Schriften, Band 1. Frankfurt a.M.: Lang.
    • (1982) Reihe: Hohenheimer Volkswirtschaftliche Schriften, Band 1
    • Deffaa, W.1
  • 27
    • 70349273696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tax evasion, tax morale and policy maker's effectiveness
    • Dell'Anno, R., 2009: Tax evasion, tax morale and policy maker's effectiveness. Journal of Socio-Economies 38: 988-997.
    • (2009) Journal of Socio-Economies , vol.38 , pp. 988-997
    • Dell'Anno, R.1
  • 28
    • 0002292103 scopus 로고
    • The item count technique as a method of indirect questioning: A review of its development and a case study application. S
    • P.P. Biemer, R.M. Groves, L.E. Lyberg, N.A. Mathiowetz & S. Sudman (Hrsg.), New York: Wiley
    • Droitcour, J., R.A. Caspar, M.L. Hubbard, T.L. Parsley, W. Visscher & TM. Ezzati, 1991: The item count technique as a method of indirect questioning: a review of its development and a case study application. s. 185-210 in: P.P. Biemer, R.M. Groves, L.E. Lyberg, N.A. Mathiowetz & S. Sudman (Hrsg.), Measurement Errors in Surveys. New York: Wiley.
    • (1991) Measurement Errors in Surveys , pp. 185-210
    • Droitcour, J.1    Caspar, R.A.2    Hubbard, M.L.3    Parsley, T.L.4    Visscher, W.5    Ezzati, T.M.6
  • 32
    • 33748743284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welchen umfang haben schattenwirtschaft und schwarzarbeit? Ein versuch zur lösung des rätsels
    • Enste, D.H. & F. Schneider, 2006: Welchen umfang haben schattenwirtschaft und schwarzarbeit? Ein versuch zur lösung des rätsels. Wirtschaftsdienst 86(3): 85-198.
    • (2006) Wirtschaftsdienst , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 85-198
    • Enste, D.H.1    Schneider, F.2
  • 33
    • 84856939346 scopus 로고
    • Intrgenerational class mobility in three western euroan societies: England, france and sweden
    • Erikson, R., J.H. Goldthorpe & L. Portocarero, 1979: Intrgenerational class mobility in three western euroan societies: england, france and sweden. British Journal of Sociology 30: 341-415.
    • (1979) British Journal of Sociology , vol.30 , pp. 341-415
    • Erikson, R.1    Goldthorpe, J.H.2    Portocarero, L.3
  • 34
    • 0009899059 scopus 로고
    • Subsistenzproduktion. markt und staat. der sog. bielefelder verflechtungsansatz
    • Evers, H.D., 1987: Subsistenzproduktion. markt und staat. der sog. bielefelder verflechtungsansatz. Geographische Rundschau 39:136-140.
    • (1987) Geographische Rundschau , vol.39 , pp. 136-140
    • Evers, H.D.1
  • 35
    • 0037233547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homo Oeconomicus versus Homo Reciprocans: Ansätze für ein neues Wirtschaftspolitisches Leitbild?
    • Falk, A., 2003: Homo Oeconomicus versus Homo Reciprocans: Ansätze für ein neues Wirtschaftspolitisches Leitbild? Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik 4: 141-172. (Pubitemid 36357741)
    • (2003) Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 141-172
    • Falk, A.1
  • 36
    • 0025622385 scopus 로고
    • Defining and estimating underground ahd informal economies: The new institutional economics approach
    • Feige, E. L., 1990: Defining and estimating underground ahd informal economies: the new institutional economics approach. World Development 18: 989-1002.
    • (1990) World Development , vol.18 , pp. 989-1002
    • Feige, E.L.1
  • 39
    • 77953095747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey on the shadow economy and undeclared earnings in OECD countries
    • FeIa, L.P. & F. Schneider, 2010: Survey on the shadow economy and undeclared earnings in OECD countries. German Economic Review 11:109-149.
    • (2010) German Economic Review , vol.11 , pp. 109-149
    • FeIa, L.P.1    Schneider, F.2
  • 40
    • 70349764839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tax evasion, black activities and deterrence in germany: An institutional and empirical perspective
    • 29. March-1 April 2007
    • Feld, L.P., AJ. Schmidt & F. Schneider, 2007: Tax evasion, black activities and deterrence in germany: an institutional and empirical perspective. Discussion Paper, presented at the Public Choice Meeting in Amsterdam, 29. March-1. April 2007. http://www.econ.jku. at/members/schneider/ files/publications/deterrence.pdf (Zugriff Zugriff: 22.04.2013).
    • (2007) Discussion Paper, Presented at the Public Choice Meeting in Amsterdam
    • Feld, L.P.1    Schmidt, A.J.2    Schneider, F.3
  • 42
    • 84875619917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What can we learn with statistical truth serum? Design and analysis of the list experiment
    • Glynn, A.N., 2013: What can we learn with statistical truth serum? design and analysis of the list experiment. Public Opinion Quarterly 77:159-172.
    • (2013) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.77 , pp. 159-172
    • Glynn, A.N.1
  • 43
    • 0001073526 scopus 로고
    • Individual morality and reputation costs as deterrents to tax evasion
    • Gordon, J., 1989: Individual morality and reputation costs as deterrents to tax evasion. European Economic Review 33: 797-805.
    • (1989) European Economic Review , vol.33 , pp. 797-805
    • Gordon, J.1
  • 47
    • 4243613107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S. Gabler, S. Hader & J.H.P. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik (Hrsg.), Telefonstichproben in Deutschland. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag
    • Hader, S. Sc S. Gabler, 1998: Ein neues Stichprobendesign für telefonische Umfragen in Deutschland. S. 69-88 in: S. Gabler, S. Hader & J.H.P. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik (Hrsg.), Telefonstichproben in Deutschland. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag.
    • (1998) Ein Neues Stichprobendesign für Telefonische Umfragen in Deutschland. S , pp. 69-88
    • Hader, S.S.S.G.1
  • 48
    • 0039740109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mismeasured variables in econometric analysis: Problems from the right and problems from the left
    • Hausman, J., 2001: Mismeasured Variables in Econometric Analysis: Problems from the Right and Problems from the Left. Journal of Economic Perspectives 15(4): 57-67. (Pubitemid 33594774)
    • (2001) Journal of Economic Perspectives , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 57-67
    • Hausman, J.1
  • 49
    • 84883612555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical Software Components S425802, Boston College Department of Economics (revised 20 Oct 2004)
    • Hendrickx, J., 2002: ISKO: Stata module to recode 4 digit ISCO-88 occupational codes. Statistical Software Components S425802, Boston College Department of Economics (revised 20 Oct 2004).
    • (2002) ISKO: Stata Module to Recode 4 Digit ISCO-88 Occupational Codes
    • Hendrickx, J.1
  • 50
    • 84991176679 scopus 로고
    • Needy or greedy? The social psychology of individuals who fraudulently claim unemployment benefits
    • Hessing, D.J., H. Elffers, H.S.J. Robben & P. Webley, 1993: Needy or greedy? the social psychology of individuals who fraudulently claim unemployment benefits. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 23(3): 226-243.
    • (1993) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 226-243
    • Hessing, D.J.1    Elffers, H.2    Robben, H.S.J.3    Webley, P.4
  • 51
    • 77949300944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social desirability bias in voter turnout reports. Tests using the item count technique
    • Holbrook, A.L. & J.A. Krosnick, 2010a: Social desirability bias in voter turnout reports. tests using the item count technique. Public Opinion Quarterly 74:37-67.
    • (2010) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.74 , pp. 37-67
    • Holbrook, A.L.1    Krosnick, J.A.2
  • 52
    • 77952997517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring voter turnout by using the randomized response technique: Evidence calling into question the method's validity
    • Holbrook, A.L. & J.A. Krosnick, 2010b: Measuring voter turnout by using the randomized response technique: Evidence calling into question the method's validity. Public Opinion Quarterly 74(2): 328-343.
    • (2010) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.74 , Issue.2 , pp. 328-343
    • Holbrook, A.L.1    Krosnick, J.A.2
  • 54
    • 84883620439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relativ günstige wirtschaftsentwicklung und entlastungen bei der rentenversicherung führen zu weniger schattenwirtschaft
    • IAW - Institut für Angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung e.V., 2013: Schattenwirtschaftsprognose
    • IAW - Institut für Angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung e.V., 2013: Schattenwirtschaftsprognose 2013: Relativ günstige wirtschaftsentwicklung und entlastungen bei der rentenversicherung führen zu weniger schattenwirtschaft. Pressemitteilung. http://www.iaw.edu/w/IAWPDF. php?id=968&name=iawpm012013Schattenwirtschaftsprognose2013.pdf (Zugriff: 22.04.2013).
    • (2013) Pressemitteilung
  • 56
    • 33748744445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Das Schwarzarbeit-Änigma
    • Koch, W.A.S., 2005: Das Schwarzarbeit-Änigma. Wirtschaftsdienst 85: 715-723.
    • (2005) Wirtschaftsdienst , vol.85 , pp. 715-723
    • Koch, W.A.S.1
  • 58
    • 84866539859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the prevalence of xenophobia and anti-semitism in germany: A comparison of randomized response and direct questioning
    • Krumpal, I, 2012: Estimating the prevalence of xenophobia and anti-semitism in germany: a comparison of randomized response and direct questioning. Social Science Research 41:1387-1403.
    • (2012) Social Science Research , vol.41 , pp. 1387-1403
    • Krumpal, I.1
  • 59
    • 84874985853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: A literature review. Quality &
    • Krumpal, I., 2013: Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: a literature review. quality & Quantity 47: 2025-2047.
    • (2013) Quantity , vol.47 , pp. 2025-2047
    • Krumpal, I.1
  • 60
    • 84861865832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entstehungsbedingungen sozial erwünschten antwortverhaltens: Eine experimentelle studie zum einfluss des wordings und des kontexts bei unangenehmen fragen
    • Krumpal, I. & A.-F. Näher, 2012: Entstehungsbedingungen sozial erwünschten antwortverhaltens: Eine experimentelle studie zum einfluss des wordings und des kontexts bei unangenehmen fragen. Soziale Welt 63: 65-89.
    • (2012) Soziale Welt , vol.63 , pp. 65-89
    • Krumpal, I.1    Näher, A.-F.2
  • 61
    • 0001744398 scopus 로고
    • Asking sensitive questions indirectly
    • Kuk, A.Y.C., 1990: Asking sensitive questions indirectly. Biometrika 77: 436-38.
    • (1990) Biometrika , vol.77 , pp. 436-438
    • Kuk, A.Y.C.1
  • 63
    • 0034475041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual risk behaviors and alcohol: Higher base rates revealed using the unmatched-count technique
    • LaBrie, J.W & M. Earleywine, 2000: Sexual Risk Behaviors and Alcohol: Higher Base Rates Revealed Using the Unmatched-Count Technique. Journal of Sex Research 37: 321-326. (Pubitemid 32195275)
    • (2000) Journal of Sex Research , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 321-326
    • LaBrie, J.W.1    Earleywine, M.2
  • 64
    • 78049255282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The determinants of tax morale in comparative perspective: Evidence from european countries
    • Lago-Peñas, I. &S. Lago-Peñas, 2010: The determinants of tax morale in comparative perspective: evidence from european countries. European Journal of Political Economy 26: 441-453.
    • (2010) European Journal of Political Economy , vol.26 , pp. 441-453
    • Lago-Peñas, I.1    Lago-Peñas, S.2
  • 65
    • 33749831014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The measure of induced abortion levels in Mexico using random response technique
    • DOI 10.1177/0049124106290442
    • Lara, D., S.G. Garcia, C. Ellertson, C. Camlin & J. Suárez, 2006: The Measure of Induced Abortion Levels in Mexico Using Random Response Technique. Sociological Methods and Research 35: 279-301. (Pubitemid 44563906)
    • (2006) Sociological Methods and Research , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 279-301
    • Lara, D.1    Garcia, S.G.2    Ellertson, C.3    Camlin, C.4    Suarez, J.5
  • 68
    • 33747768542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating compliance with a computer assisted randomized response technique: A qualitative study into the origins of lying and cheating
    • DOI 10.1016/j.chb.2004.11.001, PII S0747563204001943
    • Lensvelt-Mulders, G.J.L.M. & H.R. Boeije, 2007: Evaluating Compliance with a Computer Assisted Randomized Response Technique: A Qualitative Study into the Origins of Lying and Cheating. Computers in Human Behavior 23: 591-608. (Pubitemid 44278512)
    • (2007) Computers in Human Behavior , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 591-608
    • Lensvelt-Mulders, G.J.L.M.1    Boeije, H.R.2
  • 70
    • 21244449991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to improve the efficiency of randomised response designs
    • DOI 10.1007/s11135-004-0432-3
    • Lensvelt-Mulders, G.J.L.M., JJ. Hox Sc P.G.M. van der Heijden, 2005b: How to Improve the Efficiency of Randomized Response Design. Quality & Quantity 39: 253-265. (Pubitemid 40901181)
    • (2005) Quality and Quantity , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-265
    • Lensvelt-Mulders, G.J.L.M.1    Hox, J.J.2    Van Der, H.P.G.M.3
  • 75
    • 0002230460 scopus 로고
    • An alternative randomized response procedure
    • Mangat, N.S. & R. Singh, 1990: An alternative randomized response procedure. Biometrika 77:439-442.
    • (1990) Biometrika , vol.77 , pp. 439-442
    • Mangat, N.S.1    Singh, R.2
  • 77
    • 1942540072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soziale schichtung und delinquenz. Eine empirische anwendung eines rational-choice-ansatzes mit hilfe von querschnittsdaten des allbus 1990 und 2000
    • Mehlkop, G. & R. Becker, 2004: Soziale schichtung und delinquenz. Eine empirische anwendung eines rational-choice-ansatzes mit hilfe von querschnittsdaten des allbus 1990 und 2000. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 56: 95-126.
    • (2004) Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie , vol.56 , pp. 95-126
    • Mehlkop, G.1    Becker, R.2
  • 78
    • 84983920935 scopus 로고
    • The shadow economy: Illicit work and household production: A microanalysis of west germany
    • Merz, J. & K.G. Wolff, 1993: The shadow economy: illicit work and household production: a microanalysis of west germany. Review of Income and Wealth 39: 177-194.
    • (1993) Review of Income and Wealth , vol.39 , pp. 177-194
    • Merz, J.1    Wolff, K.G.2
  • 79
    • 77049103155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Logistic regression: Why we cannot do what we think we can do, and what we can do about it
    • Mood, C., 2010: Logistic regression: Why we cannot do what we think we can do, and what we can do about it. European Sociological Review 26: 67-82.
    • (2010) European Sociological Review , vol.26 , pp. 67-82
    • Mood, C.1
  • 81
    • 2442660735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The german shadow economy: Parted in a united germany?
    • Mummert, A. & F. Schneider, 2001: The german shadow economy: Parted in a united germany? FinanzArchiv 58:286-316.
    • (2001) FinanzArchiv , vol.58 , pp. 286-316
    • Mummert, A.1    Schneider, F.2
  • 82
    • 0030121881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of tax evasion with group conformity and social customs
    • DOI 10.1016/0176-2680(95)00037-2
    • Myles, G.D. & R.A. Naylor, 1996: A Model of Tax Evasion with Group Conformity and Social Customs. European Journal of Political Economy 12: 49-66. (Pubitemid 126164168)
    • (1996) European Journal of Political Economy , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-66
    • Myles, G.D.1    Naylor, R.A.2
  • 83
    • 0011104815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris: OECD
    • OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2002: Measuring the Non-Observed Economy. A Handbook. Paris: OECD.
    • (2002) Measuring the Non-Observed Economy. A Handbook
  • 84
    • 84952496879 scopus 로고
    • A Note on the Delta Method
    • Oehlert, G.W., 1992: A Note on the Delta Method. American Statistician 46: 27-29.
    • (1992) American Statistician , vol.46 , pp. 27-29
    • Oehlert, G.W.1
  • 87
    • 79960612581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The size of the underground economy in germany: A correction of the record and new evidence from the modified-cashdeposit-ratio approach
    • Pickard, M. & J. Sardà, 2011: The size of the underground economy in germany: a correction of the record and new evidence from the modified-cashdeposit-ratio approach. European Journal of Law and Economics 32:143-163.
    • (2011) European Journal of Law and Economics , vol.32 , pp. 143-163
    • Pickard, M.1    Sardà, J.2
  • 92
    • 78149393368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The shadow economy in germany: A blessing or a curse for the official economy?
    • Schneider, R, 2008: The shadow economy in germany: a blessing or a curse for the official economy? Economic Analysis & Policy 38: 89-111.
    • (2008) Economic Analysis & Policy , vol.38 , pp. 89-111
    • Schneider, R.1
  • 94
    • 84922943502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The shadow economy
    • New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Schneider, F. & D.H. Enste, 2007: The shadow economy. An International Survey. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2007) An International Survey
    • Schneider, F.1    Enste, D.H.2
  • 99
    • 79954457697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schattenwirtschaft: Vorsicht vor hohen makroschätzungen
    • Thießen, U., 2011: Schattenwirtschaft: Vorsicht vor hohen makroschätzungen. Wirtschaftsdienst 3:194-201.
    • (2011) Wirtschaftsdienst , vol.3 , pp. 194-201
    • Thießen, U.1
  • 100
    • 0032863315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the black economy: "Measurement without theory" yet again?
    • Thomas, J., 1999: Quantifying the black economy: "Measurement without theory" yet again? Economic Journal 109(456): 381-389.
    • (1999) Economic Journal , vol.109 , Issue.456 , pp. 381-389
    • Thomas, J.1
  • 101
    • 0030524123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asking sensitive questions. The impact of data collection mode, question format and question context
    • Tourangeau, R. & TW. Smith, 1996: Asking sensitive questions. the impact of data collection mode, question format and question context. Public Opinion Quarterly 60: 275-304.
    • (1996) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.60 , pp. 275-304
    • Tourangeau, R.1    Smith, T.W.2
  • 102
    • 34548847985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive questions in surveys
    • Touangeau, R. & T. Yan, 2007: Sensitive questions in surveys. Psychological Bulletin 133(5): 859-883.
    • (2007) Psychological Bulletin , vol.133 , Issue.5 , pp. 859-883
    • Touangeau, R.1    Yan, T.2
  • 103
    • 84883621640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elaborate item count questioning: Why do people underreport in item count responses?
    • Tsuçhiya, T. &Y. Hirai, 2010: Elaborate item count questioning: Why do people underreport in item count responses? Survey Research Methods 4:139-149.
    • (2010) Survey Research Methods , vol.4 , pp. 139-149
    • Tsuçhiya, T.1    Hirai, Y.2
  • 104
    • 34547725613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the properties of the item count technique
    • Tsuthiya, T, Y. Hirai Sc S. Ono, 2007: A study of the properties of the item count technique. Public Opinion Quarterly 71: 253-272.
    • (2007) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.71 , pp. 253-272
    • Tsuthiya, T.1    Hirai Sc, Y.2    Ono, S.3
  • 105
    • 84970242150 scopus 로고
    • A critical evaluation of the randomized response method
    • Umesh, U. & R. Peterson, 1991: A critical evaluation of the randomized response method. Sociological Met iods and Research 20:104-138.
    • (1991) Sociological Met Iods and Research , vol.20 , pp. 104-138
    • Umesh, U.1    Peterson, R.2
  • 106
    • 0034341044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of randomized response, computer-assisted self-interview, and face-to-face direct questioning: Eliciting sensitive information in the context of welfare and unemployment benefit
    • Vander Heijden, P.G.M., G. van Gils, J. Bouts & JJ. Hox, 2000: A comparison of randomized response, computer-assisted self-interview, and face-to-face direct questioning: Eliciting sensitive information in the context of welfare and unemployment benefit. Sociological Methods and Research 28: 505-537.
    • (2000) Sociological Methods and Research , vol.28 , pp. 505-537
    • Vander Heijden, P.G.M.1    Van Gils, G.2    Bouts, J.3    Hox, J.J.4
  • 107
    • 0001815889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational choice theory in sociology: A survey. S
    • S.R. Quah Sc A. Sales (Hrsg.), London: Sage
    • Voss, T. & M. Abraham, 2000: Rational choice theory in sociology: a survey. s. 50-82 in: S.R. Quah Sc A. Sales (Hrsg.), The International Handbook of Sociology. London: Sage.
    • (2000) The International Handbook of Sociology , pp. 50-82
    • Voss, T.1    Abraham, M.2
  • 108
    • 0013776710 scopus 로고
    • Randomized-response: A survey technique for eliminating evasive answer bias
    • Warner, S.L., 1965: Randomized-response: A survey technique for eliminating evasive answer bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association 60: 63-69.
    • (1965) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.60 , pp. 63-69
    • Warner, S.L.1
  • 109
    • 0023039421 scopus 로고
    • Estimating illicit drug use through telephone interviews and the randomized response technique
    • DOI 10.1016/0376-8716(86)90054-2
    • Weissman A.N., R.A. Steer & D.S. Lipton, 1986: Estimating Illicit Drug Use Through Telephone Interviews and the Randomized Response Technique. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 18: 225-233. (Pubitemid 17219234)
    • (1986) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 225-233
    • Weissman, A.N.1    Steer, R.A.2    Lipton, D.S.3
  • 110
    • 4143085400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social side of sanctions: Personal and social norms as moderators of deterrence
    • DOI 10.1023/B:LAHU.0000046433.57588.71
    • Wenzel, M., 2004: The Social Side of Sanctions: Personal and Social Norms as Moderators of Deterrence. Law and Human Behavior 28: 547-567. (Pubitemid 41449428)
    • (2004) Law and Human Behavior , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 547-567
    • Wenzel, M.1
  • 111
    • 63149192179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formal and informal employment in europe: Beyond dualistic representations
    • Williams, CC, 2009: Formal and informal employment in europe: Beyond dualistic representations. European Urban and Regional Studies 16: 147-159.
    • (2009) European Urban and Regional Studies , vol.16 , pp. 147-159
    • Williams, C.C.1
  • 112
    • 77952160043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retheorizing participation in the underground economy
    • Williams, CC, 2010: Retheorizing participation in the underground economy. Labor Studies Journal 35: 246-267.
    • (2010) Labor Studies Journal , vol.35 , pp. 246-267
    • Williams, C.C.1
  • 113
    • 84863007463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the margins command to estimate and interpret adjusted predictions and marginal effects
    • Williams, R., 2012: Using the margins command to estimate and interpret adjusted predictions and marginal effects. Stata Journal 12: 308-331.
    • (2012) Stata Journal , vol.12 , pp. 308-331
    • Williams, R.1
  • 114
    • 0031506450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Base rate for employee theft: Convergence of multiple methods
    • Wimbush, J.C. & D.R. Dalton, 1997: Base rate for employee theft: Convergence of multiple methods. Journal of Applied Psychology 82: 756-763.
    • (1997) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 756-763
    • Wimbush, J.C.1    Dalton, D.R.2
  • 115
    • 84883630396 scopus 로고
    • Schwarzarbeit in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
    • Frankfurt a.M.: Campus
    • Wolff, K., 1991: Schwarzarbeit in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Eine mikroanalytische Untersuchung. Frankfurt a.M.: Campus.
    • (1991) Eine Mikroanalytische Untersuchung
    • Wolff, K.1
  • 116
    • 49549152491 scopus 로고
    • A note on income tax evasion: A theoretical analysis
    • Yitzhaki, S., 1974: A note on income tax evasion: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Public Economics 3: 201-202.
    • (1974) Journal of Public Economics , vol.3 , pp. 201-202
    • Yitzhaki, S.1
  • 117
    • 84883616229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zoll, 2011: Ahndung von Ordnungswidrigkeiten und Verfolgung von Straftaten. http://www.zoll.de/DE/Fachthemen/Arbeit/Bekaempfung-der- Schwarzarbeit-und-illegalen-Beschaeftigung/Ahndung-von-Ordnungswidrigkeiten-und- Verfolgung-von-Straftaten/ahndung-vonordnungswidrigkeiten-und-verfolgung-von- straftaten.html (Zugriff: 22.04.2013).
    • (2011) Ahndung Von Ordnungswidrigkeiten und Verfolgung Von Straftaten.
    • Zoll1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.