Floating provisos and sinking islands

Journal of Applied Philosophy

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 333-343

  Kolers, Avery ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84883505580     PISSN: 02643758     EISSN: 14685930     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5930.2012.00569.x     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Cleo Paskal, GlobalWarring (NewYork: Palgrave McMillan, 2010
2. Tamar Meisels, Territorial Rights, 2nd edn. (Dordrecht: Springer, 2009
3. Mathias Risse, 'The right to relocation: Disappearing island nations and common ownership of earth', Ethics & International Affairs 23,3 (2009): 281-300
4. Cara Nine, 'Ecological refugees, states borders, and the Lockean proviso', Journal of Applied Philosophy 27,4 (2010): 359-75
5. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, ed. P. Laslett (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988
6. One might wonder how this view sits with Locke's perhaps more famous chapter-five view that labour puts 99/100 of the value on nature.The answer seems to be that, once cultivated, land keeps on giving: 'For the Damages ofWar can scarce amount to the value of any considerable Tract of Land, in any part of the World, where all the Land is possessed, and none lies waste. And five years Product is not worth the perpetual Inheritance of Land.'
7. A. John Simmons, 'On the territorial rights of states', Philosophical Issues 11 (2001): 300-26p. 304
8. A 'radical monopoly' is a means for solving a problem that disables us from choosing other methods of solving the same problem. So even as we have a large number of states to choose from in solving our problems of political organization, we have only the state as an option in solving this problem. See Ivan Illich, Tools for Conviviality (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1973), p. 35
9. Anna Stilz, 'Nations, states, and territory', Ethics 121,3 (2011): 572-601, at pp. 580-82
10. I use 'polities' rather than 'states' here to include the landed populations of failed states, as most theories of territorial rights require, and to leave open the possibility that the arguments here apply also to nonstate jurisdictions such as municipalities.
11. Hillel Steiner, 'Territorial justice' in S. Caney, D. George and P. Jones (eds) National Rights, International Obligations (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996), pp. 139-48
12. Cara Nine, 'A Lockean theory of territory', Political Studies 56,1 (2008), 148-65
13. Nine is agnostic on how the individual residents gain rights to set up a state in their land. She rejects the standard Lockean story that prioritizes property rights to territorial rights.
14. A. John Simmons, The Lockean Theory of Rights (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994
15. Cara Nine, Global Justice and Territory (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2012), p. 175
16. Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (NewYork: Basic Books, 1974), p. 180
17. This point is compatible with viewing property as a natural/pre-political right.We can have natural property rights with respect to particular objects only given a web of agents, objects, and rules. It's just that, in that case, the rules in question would be natural laws or deliverances of reason.
18. James Tully, 'Rediscovering America', in J. Tully, An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in Contexts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994
19. Barbara Arneil, John Locke and America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994
20. Margaret Moore, 'The territorial dimension of self-determination' In M. Moore (ed.) National Self-determination and Secession (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 134-57
21. Tim Hayward, 'Global justice and the distribution of natural resources', Political Studies 54,2 (2006): -69
22. Tim Hayward, 'International political theory and the global environment: Some critical questions for liberal cosmopolitans', Journal of Social Philosophy 40,2 (2009): 276-95
23. World Wildlife Fund, Living Planet Report 2010 (http://assets.panda.org/downloads/lpr2010.pdf
24. Stephen Gardiner, A Perfect Moral Storm:The EthicalTragedy of Climate Change (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2011
25. Christopher Stone, Should Trees Have Standing? 3rd edn. (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2010
26. See N. Bruce Duthu, American Indians and the Law (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 2008
27. See John Agnew, 'The territorial trap: The geographical assumptions of international relations theory', Review of International Political Economy 1,1 (1994): 53-80.
28. Anna Stilz, 'Why do states have territorial rights?', International Theory 1,2 (2009), 185-213: 196-7
29. Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka, Zoopolis: A Political Theory of Animal Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011
30. David Schmidtz, Elements of Justice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ), offers a range of powerful arguments in defense of this shift.2006
31. I am grateful to Cara Nine and Burke Hendrix for discussion of several drafts of this article and any number of related issues. I presented an earlier version at the workshop on Resource Rights and Sustainable Resource Management, University of Zurich, February 16, 2012
32. I am grateful to the organizer, Fabian Schuppert, and to the participants - especially my commentator, Francis Geneval - for incisive critiques and questions. Finally, I am grateful to Suzanne Uniacke and the anonymous referees for this journal whose comments over two rounds of revisions spurred numerous substantive improvements.