Hearing risk associated with the usage of personal listening devices among urban high school students in malaysia

Public Health

Volumn 127, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 710-715

  Sulaiman, A H ^a   Seluakumaran, K ^a   Husain, R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Adolescents; High school students; High frequency audiometry; Mp3 players; Noise induced hearing loss; Personal listening devices

Indexed keywords

HEARING; MUSIC; NOISE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SECONDARY EDUCATION; STUDENT; URBAN AREA;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; AUDITORY THRESHOLD; COMPUTER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH; FEMALE; GENERAL DEVICE; HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALAYSIA; MALE; MOBILE PHONE; MP3 PLAYER; NOISE INJURY; PERSONAL LISTENING DEVICE; PURE TONE AUDIOMETRY; RISK FACTOR; SELF REPORT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOUND INTENSITY; SOUND LEVEL METER; URBAN AREA;

ADOLESCENTS; HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS; HIGH-FREQUENCY AUDIOMETRY; MP3 PLAYERS; NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS; PERSONAL LISTENING DEVICES;

ADOLESCENT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HEARING LOSS, NOISE-INDUCED; HUMANS; MALAYSIA; MALE; MP3-PLAYER; RISK ASSESSMENT; SELF REPORT; STUDENTS; URBAN POPULATION;

MALAYSIA;

MALUS X DOMESTICA;

EID: 84883243867     PISSN: 00333506     EISSN: 14765616     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.01.007     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. In-Stat Market Research The worldwide PMP/MP3 player market: shipment growth to slow considerably 2008, In-Stat, Scottsdale, AZ, Available at:, (last accessed 31 May 2012). http://www.instat.com/abstract.asp%3fid%3d27%26SKU%3dIN0804079ID.
2. Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks Scientific opinion on the potential health risks of exposure to noise from personal music players and mobile phones including a music playing function 2008, European Commission, Brussels, Available at:, (last accessed 30 July 2012). http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_scenihr/docs/scenihr_o_018.pdf.
3. Kumar A., Mathew K., Alexander S.A., Kiran C. Output sound pressure levels of personal music systems and their effect on hearing. Noise Health 2009, 11:132-140.
4. Fligor B.J., Cox L.C. Output levels of commercially available portable compact disc players and the potential risk to hearing. Ear Hear 2004, 25:513-527.
5. Williams W. Noise exposure levels from personal stereo use. Int J Audiol 2005, 44:231-236.
6. Portnuff C.D., Fligor B.J., Arehart K.H. Teenage use of portable listening devices: a hazard to hearing?. J Am Acad Audiol 2011, 22:663-677.
7. LePage E.L., Murray N.M. Latent cochlear damage in personal stereo users: a study based on click-evoked otoacoustic emissions. Med J Aust 1998, 169:588-592.
8. Montoya F.S., Ibarguen A.M., Vences A.R., del Rey A.S., Fernandez J.M. Evaluation of cochlear function in normal-hearing young adults exposed to MP3 player noise by analyzing transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and distortion products. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008, 37:718-724.
9. Meyer-Bisch C. Epidemiological evaluation of hearing damage related to strongly amplified music (personal cassette players, discotheques, rock concerts) - high-definition audiometric survey on 1364 subjects. Audiology 1996, 35:121-142.
10. Peng J.H., Tao Z.Z., Huang Z.W. Risk of damage to hearing from personal listening devices in young adults. J Otolaryngol 2007, 36:181-185.
11. Le Prell C.G., Hensley B.N., Campbell K.C., Hall J.W., Guire K. Evidence of hearing loss in a 'normally-hearing' college-student population. Int J Audiol 2011, 50(Suppl. 1):S21-S31.
12. Vogel I., Brug J., Hosli E.J., van der Ploeg C.P., Raat H. MP3 players and hearing loss: adolescents' perceptions of loud music and hearing conservation. J Pediatr 2008, 152:400-404.
13. Vogel I., Verschuure H., van der Ploeg C.P., Brug J., Raat H. Estimating adolescent risk for hearing loss based on data from a large school-based survey. Am J Public Health 2010, 100:1095-1100.
14. Krejcie R.V., Morgan D.W. Determining sample size for research activities. Educ Psychol Meas 1970, 30:607-610.
15. World Health Organization Guidelines for community noise 1999, World Health Organization, Geneva, Available at:, (last accessed 30 July 2012). http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html.
16. International Organization for Standardization Acoustics: determination of occupational noise exposure and estimate of noise-induced hearing impairment 1999, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.
17. Rice C.G., Breslin M., Roper R.G. Sound levels from personal cassette players. Br J Audiol 1987, 21:273-278.
18. Levey S., Levey T., Fligor B.J. Noise exposure estimates of urban MP3 player users. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2011, 54:263-277.
19. Worthington D.A., Siegel J.H., Wilber L.A., Faber B.M., Dunckley K.T., Garstecki D.C., Dhar S. Comparing two methods to measure preferred listening levels of personal listening devices. J Acoust Soc Am 2009, 125:3733-3741.
20. Mostafapour S.P., Lahargoue K., Gates G.A. Noise-induced hearing loss in young adults: the role of personal listening devices and other sources of leisure noise. Laryngoscope 1998, 108:1832-1839.
21. Ahmed S., Fallah S., Garrido B., Gross A., King M., Morrish T., Pereira D., Sharma S., Zaszewska E., Pichora-Fuller K. Use of portable audio devices by university students. Can Acoust 2007, 35:35-54.
22. Fligor B.J., Ives T.E. Does headphone type affect risk for recreational noise-induced hearing loss?. NIHL in Children Meeting, Cincinnati, OH 19 October 2006.
23. Keith S.E., Michaud D.S., Feder K., Haider I., Marro L., Thompson E., Marcoux A.M. MP3 player listening sound pressure levels among 10 to 17 year old students. J Acoust Soc Am 2011, 130:2756-2764.
24. Muchnik C., Amir N., Shabtai E., Kaplan-Neeman R. Preferred listening levels of personal listening devices in young teenagers: self reports and physical measurements. Int JAudiol 2012, 51:287-293.
25. Bohlin M.C., Erlandsson S.I. Risk behaviour and noise exposure among adolescents. Noise Health 2007, 9:55-63.
26. Blakley B.W. Re: Risk of damage to hearing from personal listening devices in young adults. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009, 38:142.
27. Wong T.W., Van Hasselt C.A., Tang L.S., Yiu P.C. The use of personal cassette players among youths and its effects on hearing. Public Health 1990, 104:327-330.
28. Shargorodsky J., Curhan S.G., Curhan G.C., Eavey R. Change in prevalence of hearing loss in US adolescents. J Am Med Assoc 2010, 304:772-778.
29. Knox CAH. The effect of visual feedback of sound intensity on preferred iPod listening levels. Dissertation for doctor of audiology. Harrisonburg, VA: James Madison University; 2009.
30. Sulaiman AH, Seluakumaran K, Husain R. Usage of personal music player among teenagers and young adults in Malaysia. In: 10th International congress on noise as a public health problem (ICBEN), London: 24-28th July 2011.