The evolution of racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in US otolaryngology residency programs

Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States)

Volumn 149, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 71-76

  Schwartz, Joseph S ^a   Young, Meredith ^a   Velly, Ana M ^b   Nguyen, Lily H P ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Ethnic; Minority representation; Racial and gender diversity

Indexed keywords

AFRICAN AMERICAN; AMERICAN INDIAN; ARTICLE; ASIAN AMERICAN; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; FEMALE; FEMALE PHYSICIAN; HEAD AND NECK SURGERY; HISPANIC; HUMAN; MALE; MINORITY GROUP; OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY; RACE DIFFERENCE; RESIDENCY EDUCATION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SEX DIFFERENCE; SURGICAL TRAINING; UNITED STATES;

ETHNIC; MINORITY REPRESENTATION; RACIAL AND GENDER DIVERSITY;

CONTINENTAL POPULATION GROUPS; CULTURAL DIVERSITY; ETHNIC GROUPS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERNSHIP AND RESIDENCY; MALE; OTOLARYNGOLOGY; SEX RATIO; STUDENTS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84883229554     PISSN: 01945998     EISSN: 10976817     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0194599813485063     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. US Census Bureau. Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010 Census Briefs. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/ briefs/c2010br-02.pdf. Accessed November 22, 2011.
2. US Census Bureau. An older and more diverse nation by midcentury. August 14, 2008. http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/ archives/population/cb08-123. html. Accessed November 22, 2011.
3. Rabinowitz HK, Diamond JJ, Veloski JJ, Gayle JA. The impact of multiple predictors on generalist physicians' care of underserved populations. Am J Public Health. 2000;90:1225- 1228.
4. Cantor JC, Miles EL, Baker LC, Barker DC. Physician service to the underserved: implications for affirmative action in medical education. Inquiry. 1996;33:167-180.
5. Komaromy M, Grumbach K, Drake M, et al. The role of black and Hispanic physicians in providing health care for underserved populations. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1305-1310.
6. Moy E, Bartman BA. Physician race and care of minority and medically indigent patients. JAMA. 1995;273:1515-1520.
7. Saha S, Arbelaez JJ, Cooper LA. Patient-physician relationships and racial disparities in the quality of health care. Am J Public Health. 2003;93:1713-1719.
8. Cooper-Patrick L, Gallo JJ, Gonzales JJ, et al. Race, gender, and partnership in the patient- physician relationship. JAMA. 1999;282:583-589.
9. The Sullivan Commission on Diversity in the Healthcare Workforce. Missing Persons: Minorities in the Health Professions. A Report of the Sullivan Commision on Diversity in the Healthcare Workforce. Washington, DC: The Sullivan Commission; 2004. Available at http://depts.washington.edu/ ccph/pdf-files/Sullivan-Report-ES.pdf. Accessed November 22, 2011.
10. Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2003.
11. US Office of Management and Budget. Revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. Federal Register Notice. October 30, 1997. http://www.white house.gov/ omb/fedreg-1997standards. Accessed November 22, 2011.
12. Graduate medical education [annual publication in medical education issue]. JAMA. 1975-2010.
13. Medical education [annual publication in medical education issue]. JAMA. 1975-2001.
14. Association of American Medical Colleges. Table 28: total U.S. medical school enrollment by race and ethnicity within sex, 2002-2011. https://www.aamc.org/download/158404/data/table28- enrllbyraceeth0211.pdf. Accessed March 23, 2012.
15. US Census Bureau. Table A-1: school enrollment of the population 3 years old and over, by level and control of school, race, and Hispanic origin: October 1955 to 2010. http://www. census.gov/population/socdemo/school/TableA-1.xls. Accessed November 22, 2011.
16. US Census Bureau. Current population survey data on school enrollment: detailed tables (1975-2010). http://www.census.gov/ hhes/school/data/cps/index. html. Accessed November 22, 2011.
17. US Census Bureau. Statistical abstract of the United States: 2001. http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/01statab/pop.pdf. Accessed November 22, 2011.
18. US Census Bureau. National estimates by age, sex, race (1975-1979). http://www.census.gov/popest/data/national/asrh/ pre-1980/PE-11.html. Accessed November 22, 2011.
19. US Census Bureau. Table 3: annual estimates of the resident population by sex, race, and Hispanic origin for the United States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009. http://www.census.gov/ popest/data/historical/2000s/vintage-2009/index. html. Accessed November 22, 2011.
20. US Census Bureau. Overview of race and Hispanic origin: 2010. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02. pdf. Accessed November 22, 2011.
21. Okike K, Utuk ME, White AA. Racial and ethnic diversity in orthopaedic surgery residency programs. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93:e107(1-10).
22. Blakemore LC, Hall JM, Biermann JS. Women in surgical residency training programs. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85: 2477-2480.
23. Wright S, Wong A, Newill C. The impact of role models on medical students. J Gen Intern Med. 1997;12:53-56.
24. Nguyen SQ, Divino CM. Surgical residents as medical student mentors. Am J Surg. 2007;193:90-93.
25. Baxter N, Cohen R, Mcleod R. The impact of gender on the choice of surgery as a career. Am J Surg. 1996;172:373-376.