Lightning Protection of Large Wind-Turbine Blades

Green Energy and Technology

Volumn 78, Issue , 2012, Pages 227-241

  Rachidi, F ^a   Rubinstein, M ^b   Smorgonskiy, A ^a  

^a EPFL   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES WESTERN SWITZERLAND   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EDDY CURRENTS; ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT PROTECTION; ENERGY CONVERSION; ENERGY DISSIPATION; GRAPHITE FIBERS; LIGHTNING PROTECTION; STRUCTURAL DESIGN; TURBINE COMPONENTS; WIND POWER; WIND TURBINES;

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTIC; IMPULSE CURRENT GENERATOR; INDUCED ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE; INTERNAL CIRCUITRY; LARGE WIND TURBINES; LIGHTNING CURRENTS; LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS; MECHANICAL STRESS;

TURBOMACHINE BLADES;

EID: 84883205331     PISSN: 18653529     EISSN: 18653537     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2201-2_10     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Cotton I, McNiff B, Soerenson T et al (2000) Lightning protection for wind turbines. In: Proceedings 25th international conference on lightning protection (ICLP 2000), Rhodes
2. Faulstich S, Hahn B, Lyding P (2010) Electrical subassemblies of wind turbines-a substantial risk for the availability. In: Proceedings european wind energy conference and exhibition (EWEC), Warsaw
3. Wada A, Yokoyama S (2004) Lightning damages of wind turbine blades in winter in Japan-lightning observation on the Nikaho-Kogen wind farm. In: Proceedings 27th international conference on lightning protection (ICLP 2004), Avignon
4. IEC 61024-1 (1993) Protection of structures against lightning. Part 1: general principles. International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland
5. IEC 61312-1 (1995) Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse. Part 1: general principles. International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland
6. IEC 61400-24 (2010) Wind turbine generator systems. Part 24: lightning protection. International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland
7. Rachidi F, Rubinstein M, Montanya J et al (2008) A review of current issues in lightning protection of new generation wind turbine blades. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 55:2489-2496. doi:10.1109/TIE.2007.896443
8. Motoyama H, Janischewskyj W, Hussein AM et al (1996) Electromagnetic field radiation model for lightning strokes to tall structures. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 11:1624-1632. doi:10.1109/61.517526
9. Baba Y, Ishii M (2001) Numerical electromagnetic field analysis of lightning current in tall structures. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 16:324-328. doi:10.1109/61.915502
10. Rachidi F, Janischewskyj W, Hussein AM et al (2001) Current and electromagnetic field associated with lightning return strokes to tall towers. IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat 43:356-367. doi:10.1109/15.942607
11. Bermudez JL, Rachidi F, Rubinstein M et al (2005) Far-field-current relationship based on the TL model for lightning return strokes to elevated strike objects. IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat 47:146-159. doi:10.1109/TEMC.2004.842102
12. Baba Y, Rakov VA (2005) Lightning electromagnetic environment in the presence of a tall grounded strike object. J Geophys Res 110:D09108. doi:10.1029/2004JD005505
13. Pavanello D, Rachidi F, Rubinstein M et al (2007) On return stroke currents and remote electromagnetic fields associated with lightning strikes to tall structures: 1. computational models. J Geophys Res 112:D13101. doi:10.1029/2006JD007958
14. Pavanello D, Rachidi F, Janischewskyj W et al (2007) On return stroke currents and remote electromagnetic fields associated with lightning strikes to tall structures: 2. experiment and model validation. J Geophys Res 112:D13122. doi:10.1029/2006JD007959
15. Baba Y, Rakov VA (2008) Influence of strike object grounding on close lightning electric fields. J Geophys Res 113:D12109. doi:10.1029/2008JD009811
16. Mosaddeghi A, Shoory A, Rachidi F et al (2010) Lightning electromagnetic fields at very close distances associated with lightning strikes to the gaisberg tower. J Geophys Res 115:D17101. doi:10.1029/2009JD013754
17. Rakov VA, Uman MA (2003) Lightning: physics and effects. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
18. Eriksson AJ (1978) Lightning and tall structures. Trans South Afr Inst Electr Eng 69:859-870
19. Theethayi N, Diendorfer G, Thottappillil R (2004) On determining the effective height of Gaisberg tower. In: Proceedings european electromagnetics (EUROEM 2004), Magdeburg
20. Berger K (1972) Mesungen und resultate der blitzforschung auf dem Monte San Salvatore bei Lugano, der jahre 1963-1971. Bull SEV 63:1403-1422
21. Zhou H, Theethayi N, Diendorfer G et al (2010) On estimation of the effective height of towers on mountaintops in lightning incidence studies. J Electrost 68:415-418. doi:10.1016/ j.elstat.2010.05.014
22. Fisher RJ, Schnetzer GH, Thottappillil R et al (1993) Parameters of triggered-lightning flashes in Florida and Alabama. J Geophys Res 98:22887-22902. doi:10.1029/93JD02293
23. Rakov VA (1999) Lightning discharges triggered using rocket-and-wire techniques. Recent Res Dev Geophys 2:141-171
24. Wang D, Rakov VA, Uman MA et al (1999) Characterization of the initial stage of negative rocket-triggered lightning. J Geophys Res 104:4213-4222. doi:10.1029/1998JD200087
25. Wang D, Rakov VA, Uman MA (1999) Attachment process in rocket-triggered lightning strokes. J Geophys Res 104:2143-2150. doi:10.1029/1998JD200070
26. Rachidi F (2011) Electromagnetic environment in the vicinity of a tall tower struck by lightning. In: Proceedings 3rd international symposium on winter lightning (ISWL), Tokyo, Japan
27. Rachidi F, Rakov VA, Nucci CA, Bermudez JL (2002) Effect of vertically extended strike object on the distribution of current along the lightning channel. J Geophy Res 107:4699. doi:10.1029/2002JD002119
28. Bruce CER, Golde RH (1941) The lightning discharge. J Inst Electr Eng, Part II 88:487-505. doi:10.1049/ji-2.1941.0065
29. Heidler F (1985) Traveling current source model for LEMP calculation. In: Proceedings 6th symposium and technical exhibition on electromagnetic compatibility, Zurich
30. Uman MA, McLain DK (1969) Magnetic field of lightning return stroke. J Geophys Res 74:6899-6910. doi:10.1029/JC074i028p06899
31. Rakov VA, Dulzon AA (1987) Calculated electromagnetic fields of lightning return strokes. Tekhnicheskaya Elektrodinamika 9(1):87-89
32. Nucci CA et al (1988) On lightning return stroke models for LEMP calculations. In: Proceedings 19th international conference on lightning protection (ICLP), Graz
33. Rachidi F, Nucci CA (1990) On the Master, Uman, Lin, Standler and the modified transmission line lightning return stroke current models. J Geophys Res 95(20):389-394. doi:10.1029/JD095iD12p20389
34. Rakov VA, Uman MA (1998) Review and evaluation of lightning return stroke models including some aspects of their application. IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat 40:403-426. doi:10.1109/15.736202
35. Jufer M (2004) Electromecanique. Presses Polytechniques Universitaires Romandes, Lausanne
36. Slemon GR, Straughen A (1980) Electric machines. Addison Wesley, Reading, MA
37. Eriksson AJ, Stringfellow MF, Meal DV (1982) Lightning-induced overvoltages on overhead distribution lines. IEEE Trans Power Appar Syst PAS-101:960-968. doi:10.1109/ TPAS.1982.317162
38. Scheibe K, Schimanski J, Wetter M (2004) Lightning protection for wind turbines and its test with a high performance lightning current generator. In: Proceedings 27th international conference on lightning protection (ICLP), Avignon
39. ARP5412 (2005) Aircraft lightning environment and related test waveforms ARP, 2005
40. Fisher FA, Perala RA, Plumer JA (1985) Lightning protection of aircraft. Lightning technologies, inc., 10 Downing Parkway, Pittsfield, MA 012011999