메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2013, Pages

Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with reduced adiposity but not with unfavorable major cardiovascular risk factor profiles and enhanced carotid atherosclerosis in black Africans from a developing population: A cross-sectional study

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CHLOROQUINE; INTERLEUKIN 6; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

EID: 84883205040     PISSN: 14786354     EISSN: 14786362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/ar4276     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (81)
  • 3
    • 84864866219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical femoral atheromatosis in rheumatoid arthritis: comparable prevalence to diabetes mellitus in a case-control study
    • 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201278, 22764043
    • Protogerou A, Zampeli E, Tentolouris N, Makrilakis K, Kitas G, Sfikakis PP. Subclinical femoral atheromatosis in rheumatoid arthritis: comparable prevalence to diabetes mellitus in a case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis 2012, 71:1534-1536. 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201278, 22764043.
    • (2012) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.71 , pp. 1534-1536
    • Protogerou, A.1    Zampeli, E.2    Tentolouris, N.3    Makrilakis, K.4    Kitas, G.5    Sfikakis, P.P.6
  • 4
    • 77953250991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular complications of rheumatoid arthritis: assessment, prevention, and treatment
    • Kaplan MJ. Cardiovascular complications of rheumatoid arthritis: assessment, prevention, and treatment. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2010, 36:402-426.
    • (2010) Rheum Dis Clin North Am , vol.36 , pp. 402-426
    • Kaplan, M.J.1
  • 5
    • 84864880361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lacaille Risk of incident cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies
    • 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200726, 22425941
    • Avina-Zubieta JA, Thomas J, Sadatsafavi M, Lehman AJ, Lacaille. Risk of incident cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Rheum Dis 2012, 71:1524-1529. 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200726, 22425941.
    • (2012) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.71 , pp. 1524-1529
    • Avina-Zubieta, J.A.1    Thomas, J.2    Sadatsafavi, M.3    Lehman, A.J.4
  • 7
    • 57149096904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies
    • 10.1002/art.24092, 19035419
    • Avina-Zubieta JA, Choi HK, Sadatsafavi M, Etminan M, Esdaile JM, Lacaille D. Risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Arthritis Rheum 2008, 59:1690-1697. 10.1002/art.24092, 19035419.
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum , vol.59 , pp. 1690-1697
    • Avina-Zubieta, J.A.1    Choi, H.K.2    Sadatsafavi, M.3    Etminan, M.4    Esdaile, J.M.5    Lacaille, D.6
  • 8
    • 0035897696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
    • 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486, 11368702, Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults
    • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001, 285:2486-2497. 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486, 11368702, Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 2486-2497
  • 9
    • 39549093148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study
    • 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579, 18212285
    • D'Agostino RB S, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Wolf PA, Cobain M, Massaro JM, Kannel WB. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2008, 117:743-753. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579, 18212285.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.117 , pp. 743-753
    • D'Agostino, R.B.S.1    Vasan, R.S.2    Pencina, M.J.3    Wolf, P.A.4    Cobain, M.5    Massaro, J.M.6    Kannel, W.B.7
  • 11
    • 0032943709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein in healthy subjects: associations with obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction. A potential role for cytokines originating from adipose tissue?
    • 10.1161/01.ATV.19.4.972, 10195925
    • Yudkin JS, Stehouwer CDA, Emeis JJ, Coppack SW. C-reactive protein in healthy subjects: associations with obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction. A potential role for cytokines originating from adipose tissue?. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999, 19:972-978. 10.1161/01.ATV.19.4.972, 10195925.
    • (1999) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.19 , pp. 972-978
    • Yudkin, J.S.1    Stehouwer, C.D.A.2    Emeis, J.J.3    Coppack, S.W.4
  • 12
    • 0034681920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentration of interleukin-6 and the risk of future myocardial infarction among apparently healthy men
    • 10.1161/01.CIR.101.15.1767, 10769275
    • Ridker PM, Rifai N, Stempfer MJ, Hennekens CH. Plasma concentration of interleukin-6 and the risk of future myocardial infarction among apparently healthy men. Circulation 2000, 101:1767-1772. 10.1161/01.CIR.101.15.1767, 10769275.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 1767-1772
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Rifai, N.2    Stempfer, M.J.3    Hennekens, C.H.4
  • 13
    • 0037161360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin antagonism and interleukin-6 inhibition attenuate the proatherogenic effects of C-reactive protein
    • 10.1161/01.CIR.0000015126.83143.B4, 11997273
    • Verma S, Li S-H, Badiwala MV, Weisel RD, Fedak PW, Li R-K, Dhillon B, Mickle DA. Endothelin antagonism and interleukin-6 inhibition attenuate the proatherogenic effects of C-reactive protein. Circulation 2002, 105:1890-1896. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000015126.83143.B4, 11997273.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1890-1896
    • Verma, S.1    Li, S.-H.2    Badiwala, M.V.3    Weisel, R.D.4    Fedak, P.W.5    Li, R.-K.6    Dhillon, B.7    Mickle, D.A.8
  • 14
    • 0037469255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular events. An 8-year follow-up of 14 719 initially healthy American women
    • 10.1161/01.CIR.0000055014.62083.05, 12551861
    • Ridker PM, Buring JE, Cook NR, Rifai N. C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular events. An 8-year follow-up of 14 719 initially healthy American women. Circulation 2003, 107:391-397. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000055014.62083.05, 12551861.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 391-397
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Buring, J.E.2    Cook, N.R.3    Rifai, N.4
  • 15
    • 0142010515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in vascular disease: culprits or passive bystanders?
    • 10.1097/00004872-200310000-00002, 14508181
    • Rattazzi M, Puato M, Faggin E, Bertipaglia B, Zambon A, Pauletto P. C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in vascular disease: culprits or passive bystanders?. J Hypertens 2003, 21:1787-1803. 10.1097/00004872-200310000-00002, 14508181.
    • (2003) J Hypertens , vol.21 , pp. 1787-1803
    • Rattazzi, M.1    Puato, M.2    Faggin, E.3    Bertipaglia, B.4    Zambon, A.5    Pauletto, P.6
  • 16
    • 0037469232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association
    • 10.1161/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45, 12551878, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; American Heart Association
    • Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW, Anderson JL, Cannon RO, Criqui M, Fadl YY, Fortmann SP, Hong Y, Myers GL, Rifai N, Smith SC, Taubert K, Tracy RP, Vinicor F, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; American Heart Association Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2003, 107:499-511. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45, 12551878, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; American Heart Association.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 499-511
    • Pearson, T.A.1    Mensah, G.A.2    Alexander, R.W.3    Anderson, J.L.4    Cannon, R.O.5    Criqui, M.6    Fadl, Y.Y.7    Fortmann, S.P.8    Hong, Y.9    Myers, G.L.10    Rifai, N.11    Smith, S.C.12    Taubert, K.13    Tracy, R.P.14    Vinicor, F.15
  • 17
    • 0042744797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein: a critical update
    • 161431, 12813013
    • Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein: a critical update. J Clin Invest 2003, 111:1805-1812. 161431, 12813013.
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.111 , pp. 1805-1812
    • Pepys, M.B.1    Hirschfield, G.M.2
  • 18
    • 17644412023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease
    • 10.1056/NEJMra043430, 15843671
    • Hansson GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2005, 352:1685-1695. 10.1056/NEJMra043430, 15843671.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 1685-1695
    • Hansson, G.K.1
  • 19
    • 34248641015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein and the prediction of cardiovascular events among those at intermediate risk: moving an inflammatory hypothesis toward consensus
    • 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.052, 17531663
    • Ridker PM. C-reactive protein and the prediction of cardiovascular events among those at intermediate risk: moving an inflammatory hypothesis toward consensus. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007, 49:2129-2138. 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.052, 17531663.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.49 , pp. 2129-2138
    • Ridker, P.M.1
  • 20
    • 0346365086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining how "high-grade" systemic inflammation accelerates vascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis
    • 10.1161/01.CIR.0000099844.31524.05, 14676136
    • Sattar N, McCarey DW, Capell H, McInnes IB. Explaining how "high-grade" systemic inflammation accelerates vascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation 2003, 108:2957-2963. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000099844.31524.05, 14676136.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , pp. 2957-2963
    • Sattar, N.1    McCarey, D.W.2    Capell, H.3    McInnes, I.B.4
  • 21
    • 28444457810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis
    • 10.1186/ar1717, 1174955, 15899050
    • Dessein PH, Joffe BI, Singh S. Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2005, 7:R634-R643. 10.1186/ar1717, 1174955, 15899050.
    • (2005) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.7
    • Dessein, P.H.1    Joffe, B.I.2    Singh, S.3
  • 22
    • 34247347003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent role of conventional cardiovascular risk factors as predictors of C-reactive protein concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Dessein PH, Norton GR, Woodiwiss AJ, Joffe BI, Solomon A. Independent role of conventional cardiovascular risk factors as predictors of C-reactive protein concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2007, 34:681-688.
    • (2007) J Rheumatol , vol.34 , pp. 681-688
    • Dessein, P.H.1    Norton, G.R.2    Woodiwiss, A.J.3    Joffe, B.I.4    Solomon, A.5
  • 27
    • 79955828781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility genes associate with lipid levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • 10.1136/ard.2010.144634, 21398331
    • Toms TE, Panoulas VF, Smith JP, Douglas KM, Metsios GS, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Kitas GD. Rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility genes associate with lipid levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011, 70:1025-1032. 10.1136/ard.2010.144634, 21398331.
    • (2011) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.70 , pp. 1025-1032
    • Toms, T.E.1    Panoulas, V.F.2    Smith, J.P.3    Douglas, K.M.4    Metsios, G.S.5    Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou, A.6    Kitas, G.D.7
  • 28
    • 8444251403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk factors in women with and without rheumatoid arthritis
    • 10.1002/art.20636, 15529391
    • Solomon DH, Curhan GC, Rimm EB, Cannuscio CC, Karlson EW. Cardiovascular risk factors in women with and without rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50:3444-3449. 10.1002/art.20636, 15529391.
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum , vol.50 , pp. 3444-3449
    • Solomon, D.H.1    Curhan, G.C.2    Rimm, E.B.3    Cannuscio, C.C.4    Karlson, E.W.5
  • 29
    • 0038005022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between carotid atherosclerosis and markers of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy subjects
    • 10.1002/art.11078, 12847676
    • del Rincon I, Williams K, Stern MP, Freeman GL, O'Leary DH, Escalante A. Association between carotid atherosclerosis and markers of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy subjects. Arthritis Rheum 2003, 48:1833-1840. 10.1002/art.11078, 12847676.
    • (2003) Arthritis Rheum , vol.48 , pp. 1833-1840
    • del Rincon, I.1    Williams, K.2    Stern, M.P.3    Freeman, G.L.4    O'Leary, D.H.5    Escalante, A.6
  • 30
    • 78650679617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis: state of the art and future perspectives
    • 10.1136/ard.2010.142133, 21109513
    • Kitas GD, Gabriel SE. Cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis: state of the art and future perspectives. Ann Rheum Dis 2011, 70:8-14. 10.1136/ard.2010.142133, 21109513.
    • (2011) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.70 , pp. 8-14
    • Kitas, G.D.1    Gabriel, S.E.2
  • 31
    • 75749092567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis: understanding the risks
    • Gabriel SE. Heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis: understanding the risks. Ann Rheum Dis 2010, 69:(Suppl 1):61-64.
    • (2010) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.69 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 61-64
    • Gabriel, S.E.1
  • 32
    • 84925548040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis versus osteoarthritis: acute phase response related decreased insulin sensitivity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as clustering of metabolic syndrome features in rheumatoid arthritis
    • 10.1186/ar428, 125299, 12223108
    • Dessein PH, Stanwix AE, Joffe BI. Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis versus osteoarthritis: acute phase response related decreased insulin sensitivity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as clustering of metabolic syndrome features in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res 2002, 4:R5. 10.1186/ar428, 125299, 12223108.
    • (2002) Arthritis Res , vol.4
    • Dessein, P.H.1    Stanwix, A.E.2    Joffe, B.I.3
  • 33
    • 33749323030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and impaired beta cell function in rheumatoid arthritis
    • 10.1002/art.22053, 16947779
    • Dessein PH, Joffe BI. Insulin resistance and impaired beta cell function in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006, 54:2765-2775. 10.1002/art.22053, 16947779.
    • (2006) Arthritis Rheum , vol.54 , pp. 2765-2775
    • Dessein, P.H.1    Joffe, B.I.2
  • 34
    • 79952248637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traditional cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis
    • 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.07.016, 20851020
    • Boyer JF, Gourraud PA, Cantagrel A, Davignon JL, Constantin A. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine 2011, 78:179-183. 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.07.016, 20851020.
    • (2011) Joint Bone Spine , vol.78 , pp. 179-183
    • Boyer, J.F.1    Gourraud, P.A.2    Cantagrel, A.3    Davignon, J.L.4    Constantin, A.5
  • 35
    • 5444268665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rheumatoid cachexia: metabolic abnormalities, mechanisms and interventions
    • 10.1093/rheumatology/keh321, 15292530
    • Rall LC, Roubenoff R. Rheumatoid cachexia: metabolic abnormalities, mechanisms and interventions. Rheumatology 2004, 43:1219-1223. 10.1093/rheumatology/keh321, 15292530.
    • (2004) Rheumatology , vol.43 , pp. 1219-1223
    • Rall, L.C.1    Roubenoff, R.2
  • 37
    • 78249254913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal adiposity in rheumatoid arthritis: association with cardiometabolic risk factors and disease characteristics
    • 10.1002/art.27629, 2962724, 20589684
    • Giles JT, Allison M, Blumenthal RS, Post W, Petri M, Tracy R, Szklo M, Bathon JM. Abdominal adiposity in rheumatoid arthritis: association with cardiometabolic risk factors and disease characteristics. Arthritis Rheum 2010, 62:3173-3182. 10.1002/art.27629, 2962724, 20589684.
    • (2010) Arthritis Rheum , vol.62 , pp. 3173-3182
    • Giles, J.T.1    Allison, M.2    Blumenthal, R.S.3    Post, W.4    Petri, M.5    Tracy, R.6    Szklo, M.7    Bathon, J.M.8
  • 38
    • 84858330240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and carotid atherosclerosis in African black and Caucasian women with established rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study
    • 10.1186/ar3784, 3446436, 22430029
    • Solomon A, Norton GR, Woodiwiss AJ, Dessein PH. Obesity and carotid atherosclerosis in African black and Caucasian women with established rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Res Ther 2012, 14:R67. 10.1186/ar3784, 3446436, 22430029.
    • (2012) Arthritis Res Ther , vol.14
    • Solomon, A.1    Norton, G.R.2    Woodiwiss, A.J.3    Dessein, P.H.4
  • 39
    • 33744808528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of circulating interleukin-6 concentrations is associated with decreased endothelial activation in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Dessein PH, Joffe BI. Suppression of circulating interleukin-6 concentrations is associated with decreased endothelial activation in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2006, 24:161-167.
    • (2006) Clin Exp Rheumatol , vol.24 , pp. 161-167
    • Dessein, P.H.1    Joffe, B.I.2
  • 41
    • 10444286732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of glucocorticoids on the arteries in rheumatoid arthritis
    • 10.1002/art.20661, 15593231
    • del Rincon I, O'Leary DH, Haas RW, Escalante A. Effect of glucocorticoids on the arteries in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50:3813-3822. 10.1002/art.20661, 15593231.
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum , vol.50 , pp. 3813-3822
    • del Rincon, I.1    O'Leary, D.H.2    Haas, R.W.3    Escalante, A.4
  • 42
    • 78651069627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk induced by low-dose corticosteroids in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review
    • 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.02.040, 20471897
    • Ruyssen-Witrand A, Fautrel B, Saraux A, Le Loet X, Pham T. Cardiovascular risk induced by low-dose corticosteroids in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review. Joint Bone Spine 2011, 78:23-30. 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.02.040, 20471897.
    • (2011) Joint Bone Spine , vol.78 , pp. 23-30
    • Ruyssen-Witrand, A.1    Fautrel, B.2    Saraux, A.3    Le Loet, X.4    Pham, T.5
  • 43
    • 0030848920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of disease modifying agents on the lipid profiles of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • 10.1136/ard.56.6.374, 1752398, 9227167
    • Munro R, Morrison E, McDonald AG, Hunter JA, Madhok R, Capell HA. Effect of disease modifying agents on the lipid profiles of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1997, 56:374-377. 10.1136/ard.56.6.374, 1752398, 9227167.
    • (1997) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.56 , pp. 374-377
    • Munro, R.1    Morrison, E.2    McDonald, A.G.3    Hunter, J.A.4    Madhok, R.5    Capell, H.A.6
  • 44
    • 67650466985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which are the determinants of dyslipidemia in rheumatoid arthritis and does socioeconomic status matter in this context?
    • 10.3899/jrheum.090288, 19567631
    • Dessein PH, Christian BF, Solomon A. Which are the determinants of dyslipidemia in rheumatoid arthritis and does socioeconomic status matter in this context?. J Rheumatol 2009, 36:1357-1361. 10.3899/jrheum.090288, 19567631.
    • (2009) J Rheumatol , vol.36 , pp. 1357-1361
    • Dessein, P.H.1    Christian, B.F.2    Solomon, A.3
  • 45
    • 34447257725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxychloroquine and risk of diabetes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • 10.1001/jama.298.2.187, 17622600
    • Wasko MC, Hubert HB, Lingala VB, Elliott JR, Luggen ME, Fries JF, Ward MM. Hydroxychloroquine and risk of diabetes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. JAMA 2007, 298:187-193. 10.1001/jama.298.2.187, 17622600.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 187-193
    • Wasko, M.C.1    Hubert, H.B.2    Lingala, V.B.3    Elliott, J.R.4    Luggen, M.E.5    Fries, J.F.6    Ward, M.M.7
  • 47
    • 5644277556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-threatening hypertriglyceridemia during leflunomide therapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
    • Laborde F, Loeuille D, Chary-Valckenaere I. Life-threatening hypertriglyceridemia during leflunomide therapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50:3398.
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum , vol.50 , pp. 3398
    • Laborde, F.1    Loeuille, D.2    Chary-Valckenaere, I.3
  • 48
    • 4444382796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study
    • 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9, 15364185, INTERHEART Study Investigators
    • Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, McQueen M, Budaj A, Pais P, Varigos J, Lisheng L, INTERHEART Study Investigators Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004, 364:937-952. 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9, 15364185, INTERHEART Study Investigators.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 937-952
    • Yusuf, S.1    Hawken, S.2    Ounpuu, S.3    Dans, T.4    Avezum, A.5    Lanas, F.6    McQueen, M.7    Budaj, A.8    Pais, P.9    Varigos, J.10    Lisheng, L.11
  • 49
    • 0035960630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: part 1: general considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization
    • 10.1161/hc4601.099487, 11723030
    • Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ounpuu S, Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: part 1: general considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization. Circulation 2001, 104:2746-2753. 10.1161/hc4601.099487, 11723030.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 2746-2753
    • Yusuf, S.1    Reddy, S.2    Ounpuu, S.3    Anand, S.4
  • 50
    • 77951858491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factor profiles for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in black and other Africans with established rheumatoid arthritis
    • 10.3899/jrheum.091032, 20231201
    • Solomon A, Christian BF, Norton GR, Woodiwiss AJ, Dessein PH. Risk factor profiles for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in black and other Africans with established rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2010, 37:953-960. 10.3899/jrheum.091032, 20231201.
    • (2010) J Rheumatol , vol.37 , pp. 953-960
    • Solomon, A.1    Christian, B.F.2    Norton, G.R.3    Woodiwiss, A.J.4    Dessein, P.H.5
  • 51
    • 84874925790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic cardiovascular risk burden and atherosclerosis in African black and Caucasian women with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study
    • Dessein PH, Norton GR, Joffe BI, Abdool-Carrim AT, Woodiwiss AJ, Solomon A. Metabolic cardiovascular risk burden and atherosclerosis in African black and Caucasian women with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2013, 31:53-61.
    • (2013) Clin Exp Rheumatol , vol.31 , pp. 53-61
    • Dessein, P.H.1    Norton, G.R.2    Joffe, B.I.3    Abdool-Carrim, A.T.4    Woodiwiss, A.J.5    Solomon, A.6
  • 52
    • 84865772398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The carotid artery atherosclerosis burden and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors in black and white Africans with established rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study
    • 10.3899/jrheum.120073, 22753659
    • Solomon A, Woodiwiss AJ, Abdool-Carrim AT, Stevens BA, Norton GR, Dessein PH. The carotid artery atherosclerosis burden and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors in black and white Africans with established rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. J Rheumatol 2012, 39:1798-1806. 10.3899/jrheum.120073, 22753659.
    • (2012) J Rheumatol , vol.39 , pp. 1798-1806
    • Solomon, A.1    Woodiwiss, A.J.2    Abdool-Carrim, A.T.3    Stevens, B.A.4    Norton, G.R.5    Dessein, P.H.6
  • 53
    • 0036778013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity in South Africa: the South African Demographic and Health Survey
    • 10.1038/oby.2002.141, 12376585
    • Puoane T, Steyn K, Bradshaw D, Laubscher R, Fourie J, Lambert V, Mbanaga N. Obesity in South Africa: the South African Demographic and Health Survey. Obes Res 2002, 10:1038-1048. 10.1038/oby.2002.141, 12376585.
    • (2002) Obes Res , vol.10 , pp. 1038-1048
    • Puoane, T.1    Steyn, K.2    Bradshaw, D.3    Laubscher, R.4    Fourie, J.5    Lambert, V.6    Mbanaga, N.7
  • 54
    • 33644877289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension in Sub-Saharan African populations
    • 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.539569, 16330697
    • Opie LH, Seeadat YK. Hypertension in Sub-Saharan African populations. Circulation 2005, 112:3562-3568. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.539569, 16330697.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 3562-3568
    • Opie, L.H.1    Seeadat, Y.K.2
  • 56
    • 80052962203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of independent association between C-reactive protein and central aortic hemodynamics in black Africans with high risk of cardiovascular disease
    • 10.1038/ajh.2011.119, 21753803
    • Redelinghuys M, Norton GR, Janse van Rensburg NM, Maseko MJ, Majane OH, Dessein P, Woodiwiss AJ. Lack of independent association between C-reactive protein and central aortic hemodynamics in black Africans with high risk of cardiovascular disease. Am J Hypertens 2011, 24:1094-1101. 10.1038/ajh.2011.119, 21753803.
    • (2011) Am J Hypertens , vol.24 , pp. 1094-1101
    • Redelinghuys, M.1    Norton, G.R.2    Janse van Rensburg, N.M.3    Maseko, M.J.4    Majane, O.H.5    Dessein, P.6    Woodiwiss, A.J.7
  • 57
    • 33750355615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, obesity and cardiovascular function in African and Caucasian women from South Africa: the POWIRS study
    • 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002065, 16855625
    • Schutte AE, van Vuuren D, van Rooyen JM, Huisman HW, Schutte R, Malan L, Malan NT. Inflammation, obesity and cardiovascular function in African and Caucasian women from South Africa: the POWIRS study. J Hum Hypertens 2006, 20:850-859. 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002065, 16855625.
    • (2006) J Hum Hypertens , vol.20 , pp. 850-859
    • Schutte, A.E.1    van Vuuren, D.2    van Rooyen, J.M.3    Huisman, H.W.4    Schutte, R.5    Malan, L.6    Malan, N.T.7
  • 58
    • 84877868124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interleukin-6 -147 g/c polymorphism is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease in young South African Indian men
    • 10.1089/met.2012.0130, 23461479
    • Phulukdaree A, Khan S, Ramkaran P, Govender R, Moodley D, Chuturgoon AA. The interleukin-6 -147 g/c polymorphism is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease in young South African Indian men. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2013, 11:205-209. 10.1089/met.2012.0130, 23461479.
    • (2013) Metab Syndr Relat Disord , vol.11 , pp. 205-209
    • Phulukdaree, A.1    Khan, S.2    Ramkaran, P.3    Govender, R.4    Moodley, D.5    Chuturgoon, A.A.6
  • 59
    • 59849107903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is prehypertension an independent predictor of target organ changes in young-to-middle-aged persons of African descent?
    • 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328311f296, 19008706
    • Norton GR, Maseko M, Libhaber E, Libhaber CD, Majane OH, Dessein P, Sareli P, Woodiwiss AJ. Is prehypertension an independent predictor of target organ changes in young-to-middle-aged persons of African descent?. J Hypertens 2008, 26:2279-2287. 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328311f296, 19008706.
    • (2008) J Hypertens , vol.26 , pp. 2279-2287
    • Norton, G.R.1    Maseko, M.2    Libhaber, E.3    Libhaber, C.D.4    Majane, O.H.5    Dessein, P.6    Sareli, P.7    Woodiwiss, A.J.8
  • 61
    • 84858701157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brachial blood pressure-independent relations between radial late systolic shoulder-derived aortic pressures and target organ changes
    • 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.187062, 22331378
    • Norton GR, Majane OH, Maseko MJ, Libhaber C, Redelinghuys M, Kruger D, Veller M, Sareli P, Woodiwiss AJ. Brachial blood pressure-independent relations between radial late systolic shoulder-derived aortic pressures and target organ changes. Hypertension 2012, 59:885-892. 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.187062, 22331378.
    • (2012) Hypertension , vol.59 , pp. 885-892
    • Norton, G.R.1    Majane, O.H.2    Maseko, M.J.3    Libhaber, C.4    Redelinghuys, M.5    Kruger, D.6    Veller, M.7    Sareli, P.8    Woodiwiss, A.J.9
  • 63
    • 65549149155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease activity level, remission and response in established rheumatoid arthritis: performance of various criteria sets in an observational cohort, treated with anti-TNF agents
    • 10.1186/1471-2474-10-41, 2678269, 19389230
    • Gulfe A, Aletaha D, Saxne T, Geborek P. Disease activity level, remission and response in established rheumatoid arthritis: performance of various criteria sets in an observational cohort, treated with anti-TNF agents. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2009, 10:41. 10.1186/1471-2474-10-41, 2678269, 19389230.
    • (2009) BMC Musculoskelet Disord , vol.10 , pp. 41
    • Gulfe, A.1    Aletaha, D.2    Saxne, T.3    Geborek, P.4
  • 64
    • 31944431891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a carotid intima-media thickness border detection program for use in an office setting
    • 10.1016/j.echo.2005.09.006, 16455429
    • Gepner AD, Korcarz CE, Aeschlimann SE, LeCaire TJ, Palta M, Tzou WS, Stein JH. Validation of a carotid intima-media thickness border detection program for use in an office setting. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2006, 19:223-228. 10.1016/j.echo.2005.09.006, 16455429.
    • (2006) J Am Soc Echocardiogr , vol.19 , pp. 223-228
    • Gepner, A.D.1    Korcarz, C.E.2    Aeschlimann, S.E.3    LeCaire, T.J.4    Palta, M.5    Tzou, W.S.6    Stein, J.H.7
  • 65
    • 9344249049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential distribution of allelic variants in cytokine genes among African Americans and white Americans
    • 10.1093/aje/kwh325, 15561982
    • Ness RB, Haggerty CL, Harger G, Ferrell R. Differential distribution of allelic variants in cytokine genes among African Americans and white Americans. Am J Epidemiol 2004, 160:1033-1038. 10.1093/aje/kwh325, 15561982.
    • (2004) Am J Epidemiol , vol.160 , pp. 1033-1038
    • Ness, R.B.1    Haggerty, C.L.2    Harger, G.3    Ferrell, R.4
  • 66
    • 0026026639 scopus 로고
    • Circulating tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 concentrations in chronic alcoholic patients
    • Khoruts A, Stahnke L, McClain CJ, Logan G, Allen JI. Circulating tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 concentrations in chronic alcoholic patients. Hepatology 1991, 13:267-276.
    • (1991) Hepatology , vol.13 , pp. 267-276
    • Khoruts, A.1    Stahnke, L.2    McClain, C.J.3    Logan, G.4    Allen, J.I.5
  • 67
    • 0345599227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use is associated with reduced plasma concentration of C-reactive protein in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke
    • 10.1161/01.STR.0000099124.84425.BB, 14605324
    • Di Napoli M, Papa F. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use is associated with reduced plasma concentration of C-reactive protein in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. Stroke 2003, 34:2922-2929. 10.1161/01.STR.0000099124.84425.BB, 14605324.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 2922-2929
    • Di Napoli, M.1    Papa, F.2
  • 68
    • 17044457794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist decreases plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and soluble adhesion molecules in patients with chronic heart failure
    • 10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00594-X, 10716475
    • Tsutamoto T, Wada A, Maeda K, Mabuchi N, Hayashi M, Tsutsui T, Ohnishi M, Sawaki M, Fujii M, Matsumoto T, Kinoshita M. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist decreases plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and soluble adhesion molecules in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000, 35:714-721. 10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00594-X, 10716475.
    • (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.35 , pp. 714-721
    • Tsutamoto, T.1    Wada, A.2    Maeda, K.3    Mabuchi, N.4    Hayashi, M.5    Tsutsui, T.6    Ohnishi, M.7    Sawaki, M.8    Fujii, M.9    Matsumoto, T.10    Kinoshita, M.11
  • 69
    • 0028131725 scopus 로고
    • The clinical, serologic and radiologic features of rheumatoid arthritis in ethnic black Zimbabwean and British Caucasian patients
    • Chikanza IC, Stein M, Lutalo S, Gibson T. The clinical, serologic and radiologic features of rheumatoid arthritis in ethnic black Zimbabwean and British Caucasian patients. J Rheumatol 1994, 32:2011-2015.
    • (1994) J Rheumatol , vol.32 , pp. 2011-2015
    • Chikanza, I.C.1    Stein, M.2    Lutalo, S.3    Gibson, T.4
  • 70
    • 54949150604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab reduces disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis with inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
    • 10.1002/art.23940, 18821691
    • Genovese MC, McKay JD, Nasonov EL, Mysler EF, da Silva NA, Alecock E, Woodworth T, Gomez-Reino JJ. Interleukin-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab reduces disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis with inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Arthritis Rheum 2008, 58:2968-2980. 10.1002/art.23940, 18821691.
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum , vol.58 , pp. 2968-2980
    • Genovese, M.C.1    McKay, J.D.2    Nasonov, E.L.3    Mysler, E.F.4    da Silva, N.A.5    Alecock, E.6    Woodworth, T.7    Gomez-Reino, J.J.8
  • 71
    • 33846071577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Dessein PH, Tobias M, Veller MG. Metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2006, 33:2425-2432.
    • (2006) J Rheumatol , vol.33 , pp. 2425-2432
    • Dessein, P.H.1    Tobias, M.2    Veller, M.G.3
  • 73
    • 0030835272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body composition in rheumatoid arthritis
    • 10.1093/rheumatology/36.4.444, 9159537
    • Westhovens R, Nijs J, Taelman V, Dequeker J. Body composition in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1997, 36:444-448. 10.1093/rheumatology/36.4.444, 9159537.
    • (1997) Br J Rheumatol , vol.36 , pp. 444-448
    • Westhovens, R.1    Nijs, J.2    Taelman, V.3    Dequeker, J.4
  • 74
    • 45349107172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal body composition phenotypes in older rheumatoid arthritis patients: association with disease characteristics and pharmacotherapies
    • 10.1002/art.23719, 2670994, 18512711
    • Giles JT, Ling SM, Ferrucci L, Bartlett SJ, Andersen RE, Towns M, Muller D, Fontaine KR, Bathon JM. Abnormal body composition phenotypes in older rheumatoid arthritis patients: association with disease characteristics and pharmacotherapies. Arthritis Rheum 2008, 59:807-815. 10.1002/art.23719, 2670994, 18512711.
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum , vol.59 , pp. 807-815
    • Giles, J.T.1    Ling, S.M.2    Ferrucci, L.3    Bartlett, S.J.4    Andersen, R.E.5    Towns, M.6    Muller, D.7    Fontaine, K.R.8    Bathon, J.M.9
  • 75
    • 34548304739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of waist and hip circumference with 12-year progression of carotid intima-media thickness in elderly women
    • Hassinen M, Lakka TA, Komulainen P, Haapala I, Nissinen A, Rauramaa R. Association of waist and hip circumference with 12-year progression of carotid intima-media thickness in elderly women. Int J Obes 2007, 31:1406-1411.
    • (2007) Int J Obes , vol.31 , pp. 1406-1411
    • Hassinen, M.1    Lakka, T.A.2    Komulainen, P.3    Haapala, I.4    Nissinen, A.5    Rauramaa, R.6
  • 76
    • 10844296411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent association of hip circumference with metabolic profile in different ethnic groups
    • 10.1038/oby.2004.173, 15483201
    • Snijder MB, Zimmet PZ, Visser M, Dekker JM, Seidell JC, Shaw JE. Independent association of hip circumference with metabolic profile in different ethnic groups. Obes Res 2004, 12:1370-1374. 10.1038/oby.2004.173, 15483201.
    • (2004) Obes Res , vol.12 , pp. 1370-1374
    • Snijder, M.B.1    Zimmet, P.Z.2    Visser, M.3    Dekker, J.M.4    Seidell, J.C.5    Shaw, J.E.6
  • 77
    • 3042704114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with insulin resistance in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Dessein PH, Joffe BI, Stanwix AE. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with insulin resistance in rheumatoid arthritis. Thyroid 2004, 6:443-446.
    • (2004) Thyroid , vol.6 , pp. 443-446
    • Dessein, P.H.1    Joffe, B.I.2    Stanwix, A.E.3
  • 78
    • 62849085193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid intima-media thickness predicts the development of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.01.012, 18336869
    • Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Llorca J, Martin J, Gonzalez-Gay MA. Carotid intima-media thickness predicts the development of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2009, 38:366-371. 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.01.012, 18336869.
    • (2009) Semin Arthritis Rheum , vol.38 , pp. 366-371
    • Gonzalez-Juanatey, C.1    Llorca, J.2    Martin, J.3    Gonzalez-Gay, M.A.4
  • 79
    • 79955562395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid atherosclerosis predicts incident acute coronary syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis
    • 10.1002/art.30265, 3286362, 21305526
    • Evans MR, Escalante A, Battafarano DF, Freeman GL, O'Leary DH, del Rincon I. Carotid atherosclerosis predicts incident acute coronary syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2011, 63:1211-1220. 10.1002/art.30265, 3286362, 21305526.
    • (2011) Arthritis Rheum , vol.63 , pp. 1211-1220
    • Evans, M.R.1    Escalante, A.2    Battafarano, D.F.3    Freeman, G.L.4    O'Leary, D.H.5    del Rincon, I.6
  • 81
    • 84655169207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvements in risk stratification for the occurrence of cardiovascular disease by imaging subclinical atherosclerosis: a systematic review
    • 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300747, 22095617
    • Peters SA, den Ruijter HM, Bots ML, Moons KG. Improvements in risk stratification for the occurrence of cardiovascular disease by imaging subclinical atherosclerosis: a systematic review. Heart 2012, 98:177-184. 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300747, 22095617.
    • (2012) Heart , vol.98 , pp. 177-184
    • Peters, S.A.1    den Ruijter, H.M.2    Bots, M.L.3    Moons, K.G.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.