Role of plants in a constructed Wetland: Current and new perspectives

Water (Switzerland)

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 405-419

  Shelef, Oren ^a   Gross, Amit ^a   Rachmilevitch, Shimon ^a  

^a BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV   (Israel)

Author keywords

Bassia indica; Bioindicator; Constructed wetland; Phytoremediation; Salinity; Wastewater treatment

Indexed keywords

BIOREMEDIATION; PLANTS (BOTANY); WASTEWATER TREATMENT; WATER QUALITY; WETLANDS;

BASSIA INDICA; BIOINDICATOR; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; PHYTOREMEDIATION; SALINITY;

EFFLUENTS;

BIOACCUMULATION; BIOINDICATOR; CONSTRUCTED WETLAND; DICOTYLEDON; HALOPHYTE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; PHYTOREMEDIATION; WASTEWATER; WATER QUALITY; WATER TREATMENT;

EID: 84883181040     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20734441     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/w5020405     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Hammer, D.A.; Bastian, R.K. Wetland ecosystems: Natural water purifiers? In Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial and Agricultural; Hammer, D.A., Ed.; Lewis Publishers: Chelsea, MI, USA, 1989; pp. 5-20.
2. Brix, H. Do macrophytes play a role in constructed treatment wetlands? Water Sci. Technol. 1997, 35, 11-17.
3. Brix, H. Functions of macrophytes in constructed wetlands. Water Sci. Technol. 1994, 29, 71-78.
4. Stottmeister, U.; Wiessner, A.; Kuschk, P.; Kappelmeyer, U.; Kastner, M.; Bederski, O.; Muller, R.A.; Moormann, H. Effects of plants and microorganisms in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Biotechnol. Adv. 2003, 22, 93-117.
5. Brisson, J.; Chazarenc, F. Maximizing pollutant removal in constructed wetlands: Should we pay more attention to macrophyte species selection? Sci. Total Environ. 2009, 407, 3923-3930.
6. Langergraber, G. The role of plant uptake on the removal of organic matter and nutrients in subsurface flow constructed wetlands: A simulation study. Water Sci. Technol. 2005, 51, 213-223.
7. Vymazal, J. Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow: A review. Hydrobiologia 2011, 674, 133-156.
8. Kalff, J. Limnology: Inland Water Ecosystems; Prentice-Hall: New Jersey, NJ, USA, 2002; p. 592.
9. Scholz, M. Wetland Systems to Control Urban Runoff; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2006.
10. Sklarz, M.Y.; Gross, A.; Yakirevich, A.; Soares, M.I.M. A recirculating vertical flow constructed wetland for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Desalination 2009, 246, 617-624.
11. Fraser, L.H.; Carty, S.M.; Steer, D. A test of four plant species to reduce total nitrogen and total phosphorus from soil leachate in subsurface wetland microcosms. Bioresour. Technol. 2004, 94, 185-192.
12. Karathanasis, A.D.; Potter, C.L.; Coyne, M.S. Vegetation effects on fecal bacteria, bod, and suspended solid removal in constructed wetlands treating domestic wastewater. Ecol. Eng. 2003, 20, 157-169.
13. Naylor S. Brisson, J.; Labelle, M.A.; Drizo, A.; Comeau, Y. Treatment of freshwater fish farm effluent using constructed wetlands: The role of plants and substrate. Water Sci. Technol. 2003, 48, 215-222.
14. Petticrew, E.L.; Kalff, J. Water-flow and clay retention in submerged macrophyte beds. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1992, 49, 2483-2489.
15. Luederitz, V.; Eckert, E.; Lange-Weber, M.; Lange, A.; Gersberg, R.M. Nutrient removal efficiency and resource economics of vertical flow and horizontal flow constructed wetlands. Ecol. Eng. 2001, 18, 157-171.
16. Armstrong, J.; Armstrong, W. Light-enhanced convective throughflow increases oxygenation in rhizomes and rhizosphere of Phragmites australis (cav) trin ex steud. New Phytol. 1990, 114, 121-128.
17. Barko, J.W.; Gunnison, D.; Carpenter, S.R. Sediment interactions with submersed macrophyte growth and community dynamics. Aquat. Bot. 1991, 41, 41-65.
18. Sorrell, B.K.; Boon, P.I. Biogeochemistry of billabong sediments. II. Seasonal-variations in methane production. Freshw. Biol. 1992, 27, 435-445.
19. Yang, L.; Chang, H.T.; Huang, M.N.L. Nutrient removal in gravel- and soil-based wetland microcosms with and without vegetation. Ecol. Eng. 2001, 18, 91-105.
20. Munch, C.; Kuschk, P.; Roske, I. Root stimulated nitrogen removal: Only a local effect or important for water treatment? Water Sci. Technol. 2005, 51, 185-192.
21. Ruiz-Rueda, O.; Hallin, S.; Baneras, L. Structure and function of denitrifying and nitrifying bacterial communities in relation to the plant species in a constructed wetland. Fems Microbiol. Ecol. 2009, 67, 308-319.
22. Seidel, K. Abbau von bacterium coli durch höhere wasserpflanzen. Naturwiss 1964, 51, 395.
23. Drobotko, V.G.; Rashba, E.Y.; Aizenman, B.E.; Zelepukha, S.I.; Novikova, S.I.; Kaganskaya, M.B. Antimicrobial activity of alkaloids obtained from Valeriana officinalis, Chelidonium majus, Nuphar luteum and Asarum europium. Antibiotiki 22. Chem. Abstr. 1958, 53, 12589d.
24. Seidel, K. Macrophytes and water purification. In Biological Control of Water Pollution; Tourbier, J., Pierson, R.W.J., Eds.; University of Pennsylvania Press: Pennsylvania, PA, USA, 1976; pp. 109-123.
25. Gersberg, R.M.; Elkins, B.V.; Lyon, S.R.; Goldman, C.R. Role of aquatic plants in waste-water treatment by artificial wetlands. Water Res. 1986, 20, 363-368.
26. Wathugala, A.G.; Suzuki, T.; Kurihara, Y. Removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and cod from wastewater using sand filtration system with phragmites-australis. Water Res. 1987, 21, 1217-1224.
27. Tanner, C.C.; Clayton, J.S.; Upsdell, M.P. Effect of loading rate and planting on treatment of dairy farm wastewaters in constructed wetlands. 2. Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Water Res. 1995, 29, 27-34.
28. Lee, B.H.; Scholz, M. What is the role of phragmites australis in experimental constructed wetland filters treating urban runoff?. Ecol. Eng. 2007, 29, 87-95.
29. Langergraber, G.; Simunek, J. Modeling variably saturated water flow and multicomponent reactive transport in constructed wetlands. Vadose Zone J. 2005, 4, 924-938.
30. Lantzke, I.R.; Heritage, A.D.; Pistillo, G.; Mitchell, D.S. Phosphorus removal rates in bucket size planted wetlands with a vertical hydraulic flow. Water Res. 1998, 32, 1280-1286.
31. Geller, G. Horizontal subsurface flow systems in the german speaking countries: Summary of long-term scientific and practical experiences; recommendations. Water Sci. Technol. 1997, 35, 157-166.
32. Salt, D.E.; Blaylock, M.; Kumar, N.P.B.A.; Dushenkov, V.; Ensley, B.D.; Chet, I.; Raskin, I. Phytoremediation-A novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants. Bio-Technology 1995, 13, 468-474.
33. Weis, J.S.; Weis, P. Metal uptake, transport and release by wetland plants: Implications for phytoremediation and restoration. Environ. Int. 2004, 30, 685-700.
34. Shelef, O.; Gross, A.; Rachmilevitch, S. The use of bassia indica for salt phytoremediation in constructed wetlands. Water Res. 2012, 46, 3967-3976.
35. Headley, T.R.; Davison, L.; Huett, D.O.; Muller, R. Evapotranspiration from subsurface horizontal flow wetlands planted with phragmites australis in sub-tropical australia. Water Res. 2012, 46, 345-354.
36. Borin, M.; Milani, M.; Salvato, M.; Toscano, A. Evaluation of Phragmites australis (cav.) trin. Evapotranspiration in northern and southern italy. Ecol. Eng. 2011, 37, 721-728.
37. Smith, I.D.; Bis, G.N.; Lemon, E.R.; Rozema, L.R. A thermal analysis of a sub-surface, vertical flow constructed wetland. Water Sci. Technol. 1997, 35, 55-62.
38. Cížková-Koncalová, H.J.; Kvet, J.; Lukavská, J. Response of phragmites australis, glyceria maxima, and typha latifolia to additions of piggery sewage in a flooded sand culture. Wetlands Ecol. Manag. 1996, 4, 43-50.
39. Brix, H. Denmark. Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Europe; Vymazal, J., Brix, H., Cooper, P.F., Green, M.B., Haberl, R., Eds.; Backhuys Publishers: Leiden, The Netherlands, 1998; pp. 123-156.
40. Haslam, S.M. Community regulation in phragmites-communis trin. I. Monodominant stands. J. Ecol. 1971, 59, 65-73.
41. Wand, H.; Vacca, G.; Kuschk, P.; Kruger, M.; Kastner, M. Removal of bacteria by filtration in planted and non-planted sand columns. Water Res. 2007, 41, 159-167.
42. Wood, A. Constructed wetlands in water pollution control: Fundamentals to their understanding. Water Sci. Technol. 1995, 32, 21-29.
43. Knight, R.L.; Kadlec, R.H.; Ohlendorf, H.M. The use of treatment wetlands for petroleum industry effluents. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 973-980.
44. Nelson, M.; Cattin, F.; Rajendran, M.; Hafouda, L. Value-Adding through Creation of High Diversity Gardens and Ecospaces in Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands: Case Studies in Algeria and Australia of Wastewater Gardens Systems. In Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control; Billore, S., Dass, P., Vymazal, J., Eds.; Institute of Environmental Management and Plant Sciences, Vikram University: Ujjain, India, 2008; Volume 1; pp. 344-356.
45. Tencer, Y.; Idan, G.; Strom, M.; Nusinow, U.; Banet, D.; Cohen, E.; Schroder, P.; Shelef, O.; Rachmilevitch, S.; Soares, I.; et al. Establishment of a constructed wetland in extreme dryland. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2009, 16, 862-875.
46. Shelef, O.; Golan-Goldhirsh, A.; Gendler, T.; Rachmilevitch, S. Physiological parameters of plants as indicators of water quality in a constructed wetland. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2011, 18, 1234-1242.
47. Zurita, F.; de Anda, J.; Belmont, M.A. Treatment of domestic wastewater and production of commercial flowers in vertical and horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. Ecol. Eng. 2009, 35, 861-869.
48. Belmont, M.A.; Metcalfe, C.D. Feasibility of using ornamental plants (Zantedeschia aethiopica) in subsurface flow treatment wetlands to remove nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactants-A laboratory-scale study. Ecol. Eng. 2003, 21, 233-247.
49. Zhang, Y.; Chen, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Zhou, X.; Tu, Y. Chapter 3: Ornamental plants in constructed wetlands. In Ornamental Plants: Type, Cultivation and Nutrition; Aquino, J.C., Ed.; Nova Science Publishers, Inc: New York, NY, USA, 2011; pp. 81-96.
50. Maddison, M.; Mauring, T.; Remm, K.; Lesta, M.; Mander, U. Dynamics of typha latifolia l. Populations in treatment wetlands in estonia. Ecol. Eng. 2009, 35, 258-264.
51. Aronsson, P.; Perttu, K. Willow vegetation filters for wastewater treatment and soil remediation combined with biomass production. For. Chron. 2001, 77, 293-299.
52. Kivaisi, A.K. The potential for constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and reuse in developing countries: A review. Ecol. Eng. 2001, 16, 545-560.
53. Tanner, C.C. Plants as ecosystem engineers in subsurface-flow treatment wetlands. Water Sci. Technol. 2001, 44, 9-17.
54. Cooper, P.; Boon, A. The Use of Phragmites for Wastewater Treatment by the Root Zone Method: The UK Approach. In Aquatic Plants for Water Treatment and Resource Recovery; Reddy, S.W., Ed.; Magnolia Publishing: Orlando, FL, USA, 1987; pp. 153-174.
55. Armstrong, W.; Webb, T.; Darwent, M.; Beckett, P.M. Measuring and interpreting respiratory critical oxygen pressures in roots. Ann. Bot. 2009, 103, 281-293.
56. Armstrong, W.; Cousins, D.; Armstrong, J.; Turner, D.W.; Beckett, P.M. Oxygen distribution in wetland plant roots and permeability barriers to gas-exchange with the rhizosphere: A microelectrode and modelling study with Phragmites australis. Ann. Bot. 2000, 86, 687-703.
57. Armstrong, M. Aeration in Higher Plants. In Advances in Botanical Research; Woolhouse, H.W., Ed.; Academic Press: London, UK, 1979; pp. 225-332.
58. Drew, M.C.; Saglio, P.H.; Pradet, A. Larger adenylate energy-charge and atp/adp ratios in aerenchymatous roots of zea-mays in anaerobic media as a consequence of improved internal oxygen-transport. Planta 1985, 165, 51-58.
59. Williams, H.G.; Bialowiec, A.; Slater, F.; Randerson, P.F. Diurnal cycling of dissolved gas concentrations in a willow vegetation filter treating landfill leachate. Ecol. Eng. 2010, 36, 1680-1685.
60. Stein, O.R. Hook, P.B. Temperature, plants, and oxygen: How does season affect constructed wetland performance? J. Environ. Sci. Heal. A 2005, 40, 1331-1342.
61. Bialowiec, A.; Davies, L.; Albuquerque, A.; Randerson, P.F. The influence of plants on nitrogen removal from landfill leachate in discontinuous batch shallow constructed wetland with recirculating subsurface horizontal flow. Ecol. Eng. 2012, 40, 44-52.
62. Ueckert, J.; Hurek, T.; Fendrik, I.; Niemann, E.G. Radial gas-diffusion from roots of rice (oryza-sativa-l) and kallar grass (leptochloa-fusca l kunth), and effects of inoculation with azospirillum-brasilense cd. Plant Soil 1990, 122, 59-65.
63. Wetzel, R.G. Limnology; Saunders: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1975.
64. El Hamouri, B.; Nazih, J.; Lahjouj, J. Sub surface-horizontal flow constructed wetland for sewage treatment under moroccan climate conditions. Desalination 2007, 215, 153-158.
65. Gregersen, P.; Brix, H. Zero-discharge of nutrients and water in a willow dominated constructed wetland. Water Sci. Technol. 2001, 44, 407-412.
66. Green, M.; Shaul, N.; Beliavski, M.; Sabbah, I.; Ghattas, B.; Tarre, S., Minimizing land requirement and evaporation in small wastewater treatment systems. Ecol. Eng. 2006, 26, 266-271.
67. Masi, F.; Martinuzzi, N. Constructed wetlands for the mediterranean countries: Hybrid systems for water reuse and sustainable sanitation. Desalination 2007, 215, 44-55.
68. Thomas, K.L.; Benstead, J.; Davies, K.L.; Lloyd, D. Role of wetland plants in the diurnal control of CH4 and CO2 fluxes in peat. Soil Biol. Biochem. 1996, 28, 17-23.
69. Reddy, K.R.; Patrick, W.H.; Lindau, C.W. Nitrification-denitrification at the plant root-sediment interface in wetlands. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1989, 34, 1004-1013.
70. El Shaer, H.M. Halophytes and salt-tolerant plants as potential forage for ruminants in the near east region. Small Ruminant. Res. 2010, 91, 3-12.
71. Youssef, K.M.; Fahmy, A.A.; El Essawy, A.M.; El Shaer, H.M. Nutritional studies on Pennisetum americanum and Kochia indica fed to sheep under saline conditions of sinai, Egypt. Am. Eur. J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 2009, 5, 63-68.
72. Brown, J.J.; Glenn, E.P.; Fitzsimmons, K.M.; Smith, S.E. Halophytes for the treatment of saline aquaculture effluent. Aquaculture 1999, 175, 255-268.
73. Zhao, F.; Mcgrath, S.P.; Crosland, A.R. Comparison of 3 wet digestion methods for the determination of plant sulfur by inductively-coupled plasma-atomic emission-spectroscopy (icpaes). Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 1994, 25, 407-418.
74. Welz, B.; Sperling, M. Frontmatte. In Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, 3rd ed.; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH: Weinheim, Germany, 2007.
75. Neill, S.; Desikan, R.; Hancock, J. Hydrogen peroxide signalling. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2002, 5, 388-395.
76. Cheeseman, J.M. Hydrogen peroxide and plant stress: A challenging relationship. Plant Stress 2007, 1, 4-15.
77. Wolff, S.P. Ferrous ion oxidation in presence of ferric ion indicator xylenol orange for measurement of hydroperoxides. Oxyg. Radic. Biol. Syst. C 1994, 233, 182-189.
78. Shelef, O.; Lazarovitch, N.; Rewald, B.; Golan-Goldhirsh, A.; Rachmilevitch, S. Root halotropism: Salinity effects on bassia indica root. Plant Biosyst. 2010, 144, 471-478.
79. Ma, C.J.; Naidu, R.; Liu, F.G.; Lin, C.H.; Ming, H. Influence of hybrid giant napier grass on salt and nutrient distributions with depth in a saline soil. Biodegradation 2012, 23, 907-916.
80. Young, M.A.; Rancier, D.G.; Roy, J.L.; Lunn, S.R.; Armstrong, S.A.; Headley, J.V. Seeding conditions of the halophyte Atriplex patula for optimal growth on a salt impacted site. Int. J. Phytoremediat. 2011, 13, 674-680.
81. Keiffer, C.H.; Ungar, I.A. Germination and establishment of halophytes on brine-affected soils. J. Appl. Ecol. 2002, 39, 402-415.
82. Carty, D.T.; Swetish, S.M.; Crawley, W.W.; Priebe, W.F. In Major Variables Influencing Technology Solution for Remediation of Salt Affected Soils; In Proceedings of the Rocky Mountain Symposium of Environmental Issues in Oil and Gas Operations; Cost Effective Strategies, Olorado School of Mines: Golden, CO, USA, 14-15 July 1997; pp. 145-152.
83. Hbirkou, C.; Martius, C.; Khamzina, A.; Lamers, J.P.A.; Welp, G.; Amelung, W. Reducing topsoil salinity and raising carbon stocks through afforestation in khorezm, uzbekistan. J. Arid Environ. 2011, 75, 146-155.
84. Rabhi, M.; Hafsi, C.; Lakhdar, A.; Hajji, S.; Barhoumi, Z.; Hamrouni, M.H.; Abdelly, C.; Smaoui, A. Evaluation of the capacity of three halophytes to desalinize their rhizosphere as grown on saline soils under nonleaching conditions. Afr. J. Ecol. 2009, 47, 463-468.
85. Ravindran, K.C.; Venkatesan, K.; Balakrishnan, V.; Chellappan, K.P.; Balasubramanian, T. Restoration of saline land by halophytes for indian soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2007, 39, 2661-2664.
86. Zhao, K.F. Desalinization of saline soils by suaeda-salsa. Plant Soil 1991, 135, 303-305.
87. Kimball, K.D.; Levin, S.A. Limitations of laboratory bioassays-The need for ecosystem-level testing. Bioscience 1985, 35, 165-171.
88. Doust, J.L.; Schmidt, M.; Doust, L.L. Biological assessment of aquatic pollution-A review, with emphasis on plants as biomonitors. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 1994, 69, 147-186.