Carbon speciation of exhaust particulate matter of public transit buses running on alternative fuels

Fuel

Volumn 115, Issue , 2014, Pages 678-684

  Shandilya, Kaushik ^a   Kumar, Ashok ^a  

^a Toledo   (United States)

Author keywords

Biodiesel; Elemental carbon; Organic carbon; Particulate matter; Ultra low sulfur diesel

Indexed keywords

CARBON FRACTION; CARBONACEOUS FRACTIONS; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; ELEMENTAL CARBON; EXHAUST PARTICULATE MATTER; PARTICULATE MATTER; REAL-TIME EXPERIMENT; ULTRA-LOW SULFUR DIESEL;

ALTERNATIVE FUELS; BIODIESEL; CARBON; ORGANIC CARBON; SULFUR; URBAN TRANSPORTATION;

BUSES;

EID: 84883118757     PISSN: 00162361     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.097     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. W.F. Rogge, L.M. Hildemann, M.A. Mazurek, G.R. Cass, and B.R.T. Simoneit Sources of fine organic aerosol. 2. Noncatalyst and catalyst-equipped automobiles and heavy-duty diesel trucks Environ Sci Technol 27 1993 636 651
2. T.C. Bond, and R.W. Bergstrom Light absorption by carbonaceous particles: an investigative review Aerosol Sci Technol 40 2006 27 67
3. K.R. Smith, M. Jerrett, H.R. Anderson, R.T. Burnett, V. Stone, and R. Derwent Health and Climate Change 5 Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: health implications of short-lived greenhouse pollutants Lancet 374 2009 2091 2103
4. T.W. Hesterberg, C.M. Long, W.B. Bunn, S.N. Sax, C.A. Lapin, and P.A. Valberg Non-cancer health effects of diesel exhaust: a critical assessment of recent human and animal toxicological literature Crit Rev Toxicol 39 2009 195 227
5. D.B. Kittelson Engines and nanoparticles: a review J Aerosol Sci 29 1998 575 588
6. U. Baltensperger, S. Nyeki, and M. Kalberer Atmospheric particulate matter Handbook of atmospheric science 2003 Blackwell p. 228-254
7. 10 in four Pearl River Delta cities, South China J Environ Sci 19 2007 939 947
8. T.P. Ackerman, and O.B. Toon Absorption of visible radiation in atmosphere containing mixtures of absorbing and nonabsorbing particles Appl Opt 20 1981 3661 3667
9. E. Vignati, M. Karl, M.C. Krol, J. Wilson, P. Stier, and F. Cavalli Sources of uncertainties in modeling black carbon at the global scale Atmos Chem Phys 10 2010 2595 2611
10. Q. Zhang, and Y. Zhu Measurements of ultrafine particles and other vehicular pollutants inside school buses in South Texas Atmos Environ 44 2010 253 261
11. L.Z. Gerald, D.R. Berg, V.N. Vasys, M.E. Dettmann, B. Zielinska, and J.J. Schauer Analysis of C1, C2, and C10 through C33 particle-phase and semi-volatile organic compound emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines Atmos Environ 44 2010 1108 1115
12. J. Kosub Transitioning to a greener fleet: a cost-benefit analysis of a vehicle fleet program at the texas general land office in austin, Texas Appl Res Projects 2010 329
13. Z.H. Zhang, C.S. Cheung, T.L. Chan, and C.D. Yao Experimental study on particulate emissions of a methanol fumigated diesel engine equipped with diesel oxidation catalyst Aerosol Sci Technol 45 2010 262 271
14. Federal Transit Administration. The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program, United States; Federal Highway Administration and United States; 2000.
15. R.R. Piper Transit strategies for suburban communities J Am Planning Assoc 43 1977 380 385
16. M. Ross Energy and transportation in the United States Annu Rev Energy 14 1989 131 171
17. http://www.Wikipedia.org, (accessed on September 26, 2011.
18. http://www.tarta.com, (accessed on September 27, 2011).
19. K.K. Shandilya, and A. Kumar, Particulate emissions from tailpipe during idling of public transit buses fueled with alternative fuels. Environ. Prog. Sustainable Energy. 2012, doi: 10.1002/ep.11696.
20. 2.5 carbon measurement methods in Hong Kong, China Environ Pollut 137 2005 334 344
21. M.E. Birch, and R.A. Cary Elemental carbon-based method for monitoring occupational exposures to particulate diesel exhaust Aerosol Sci Technol 25 1996 221 241
22. B. Seshagiri, and S. Burton Occupational exposure to diesel exhaust in the Canadian federal jurisdiction AIHA J 64 2003 338 345
23. K.L. Cheung, A. Polidori, L. Ntziachritos, T. Tzamkiozis, Z. Samaras, and F.R. Cassee Chemical characteristics and oxidative potential of particulate matter emissions from gasoline, diesel and biodiesel cars Environ Sci Technol 43 2009 6634 6640
24. J.J. Schauer, M.J. Kleeman, G.R. Cass, and B.R.T. Simoneit Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 2. C1 through C30 organic compounds from medium duty diesel trucks Environ Sci Technol 33 1999 1578 1587
25. S. Mischler, and J.C. Volkwein Differential pressure as a measure of particulate matter emissions from diesel engines Environ Sci Technol 39 2005 2255 2261
26. M. Sharma, A.K. Agarwal, and K.V.L. Bharathi Characterization of exhaust particulates from diesel engine Atmos Environ 39 2005 3023 3028
27. P. Singh, D.M. DeMarini, C.A.J. Dick, D.G. Tabor, J.V. Ryan, and W.P. Linak Sample characterization of automobile and forklift diesel exhaust particles and comparative pulmonary toxicity in mice Environ Health Perspect 112 2004 820 825
28. J. Shi, D.M. Ping, and R.M. Harrison Characterization of particles from a current technology heavy-duty diesel engine Environ Sci Technol 34 2000 748 755
29. S.H. Cadle, P.A. Mulawa, E.C. Hunsanger, K. Nelson, R.A. Ragazzi, and R. Barrett Composition of light-duty motor vehicle exhaust particulate matter in the Denver, Colorado area Environ Sci Technol 33 1999 2328 2339
30. W.T. Kirchstetter, R.A. Harley, N.M. Kreisberg, M.R. Stolzenburg, and S.V. Hering On-road measurement of fine particle and nitrogen oxide emissions from light-and heavy-duty motor vehicles Atmos Environ 33 1999 2955 2968
31. H.A. Gray, G.R. Cass, J.J. Huntzicker, E.K. Heyerdahl, and J.A. Rau Characteristics of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon particle concentrations in Los Angeles Environ Sci Technol 20 1986 580 589
32. J.H. Seinfeld, and J.F. Pankow Organic atmospheric particulate material Annu Rev Phys Chem 54 2003 121 140
33. M. Bennett, J. Volckens, R. Stanglmaier, A.P. McNichol, W.D. Ellenson, and C.W. Lewis Biodiesel effect on particulate radiocarbon (C-14) emissions from a diesel engine J Aerosol Sci 39 2008 667 678
34. J. Zhang, K. He, X. Shi, and Y. Zhao Comparison of particle emissions from an engine operating on biodiesel and petroleum diesel Fuel 90 2011 2089 2097
35. S.D. Shah, D.R. Cocker III, J.W. Miller, and J.M. Norbeck Emission rates of particulate matter and elemental and organic carbon from in-use diesel engines Environ Sci Technol 38 2004 2544 2550
36. Y.M. Han, J.J. Cao, J.C. Chow, J.G. Watson, Z.S. An, and Z.D. Jin Evaluation of the thermal/optical reflectance method for discrimination between char- and soot-EC Chemosphere 69 2007 569 574
37. W. Liu, Y. Wang, A. Russell, and E.S. Edgerton Enhanced source identification of southeast aerosols using temperature-resolved carbon fractions and gas phase components Atmos Environ 40 2006 445 466
38. M.B. Fernandes, J.O. Skjemstad, B.B. Johnson, J.D. Wells, and P. Brooks Characterization of carbonaceous residues. I. Morphological, elemental and spectroscopic features Chemosphere 51 2003 785 795
39. K.K Shandilya, and A. Kumar Analysis of Research Studies on Exhaust Emission from the Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Fueled by Biodiesel Aurel Edelstein, Dagmar Bär, Handbook of Environmental Research 2009 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. p. 101-151, [Chapter 2], ISBN: 978-1-60741-492-6
40. J.G. Watson, J.C. Chow, Z. Lu, E.M. Fujita, D.H. Lowenthal, and D.R. Lawson Chemical mass balance source apportionment of PM10 during the Southern California Air Quality Study Aerosol Sci Technol 21 1994 1 36
41. B.J. Turpin, P. Saxena, and E. Andrews Measuring and simulating particulate organics in the atmosphere: problems and prospects Atmos Environ 34 2000 2983 3013