Addressing injecting drug use in Asia and eastern Europe

Current HIV/AIDS Reports

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 187-193

  Wu, Zunyou ^a   Shi, Cynthia X ^a   Detels, Roger ^b  

^a CHINESE CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Antiretroviral treatment; Asia; Eastern Europe; Harm reduction; HIV infection among PWID; HIV AIDS; Injecting drug use; People who inject drugs (PWID)

Indexed keywords

METHADONE;

ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COST CONTROL; DRUG TRAFFIC; DRUG USE; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; HARM REDUCTION; HETEROSEXUALITY; HIV TEST; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PREVALENCE; METHADONE TREATMENT; MOTHER CHILD RELATION; OPIATE SUBSTITUTION TREATMENT; PEOPLE WHO INJECT DRUG; PUBLIC HEALTH; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION;

ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ASIA; EPIDEMICS; EUROPE, EASTERN; FEMALE; HARM REDUCTION; HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, PRACTICE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; NEEDS ASSESSMENT; POLICY MAKING; PREVALENCE; SUBSTANCE ABUSE, INTRAVENOUS;

EID: 84883053238     PISSN: 15483568     EISSN: 15483576     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11904-013-0153-0     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. UNODC. World drug report 2012. Vienna: UNODC; 2012.
2. Degenhardt L, Hall W. Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease. Lancet. 2012;379:55-70.
3. Degenhardt L, Bucello C, Mathers B, Briegleb C, Ali H, Hickman M, et al. Mortality among regular or dependent users of heroin and other opioids: a systemic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Addiction. 2011;106(1):32-51.
4. •• UNAIDS. Global report 2012: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2012. The annual UNAIDS reports on the HIV/AIDS epidemic provide comprehensive overviews on the global epidemiology of HIV, including testing, treatment, and risk behaviors of the most-at-risk populations. The 2012 report is based on data from 186 reporting countries and summarizes the current progress in reaching the 2015 targets outlined in the 2011 United Nations Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS.
5. Sidibé M, Piot P, Dybul M. AIDS is not over. Lancet. 2012;380:2058-60.
6. Mathers BM, Degenhardt L, Phillips B, Wiessing L, Hickman M, Strathdee SA, et al. Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review. Lancet. 2008;372:1733-45.
7. Strathdee SA, Stockman JK. Estimating the level of HIV prevention coverage, knowledge and protective behavior among injecting drug users: what does the 2008 UNGASS reporting round tell us? Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2010;7:99-106.
8. Mesquita F, Jacka D, Ricard D, Shaw G, Tieru H, Hu Y, et al. Accelerating harm reduction interventions to confront the HIV epidemic in the Western Pacific and Asia: the role of WHO (WPRO). Harm Reduct J. 2008;5:26.
9. Thorne C, Ferencic N, Malyuta R, Mimica J, Niemiec T. Central Asia: hotspot in the worldwide HIV epidemic. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(7):479-88.
10. Solomon SS, Celentano DD, Srikrishnan AK, Vasudevan CK, Murugavel KG, Iqbal SH, et al. Low incidences of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infection and declining risk behaviors in a cohort of injection drug users in Chennai, India. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(11):1259-67.
11. Wolfe D, Carrieri MP, Shepard D. Treatment and care for injecting drug users with HIV infection: a review of barriers and ways forward. Lancet. 2010;376(9738):355-66.
12. World Health Organization. Russian Federation: Summary country profile for HIV/AIDS treatment scale-up. http://www.who.int/hiv/HIVCP-RUS.pdf. 2005. Accessed December 29 2012.
13. Volik MV, Karmanova G, Berezina EB, Kresina TF, Sadykova RG, Khalabuda LN, et al. Development of combination HIV prevention programs for people who inject drugs through government and civil society collaboration in the Russian Federation. Adv Prev Med. 2012;2012:874615.
14. Rhodes T, Sarang A, Bobrik A, Bobkov E, Platt L. HIV transmission and HIV prevention associated with injecting drug use in the Russian Federation. Int J Drug Policy. 2004;15(1):1-16.
15. Niccolai LM, Verevochkin SV, Toussova OV, White E, Barbour R, Kozlov AP, et al. Estimates of HIV incidence among drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia: continued growth of a rapidly expanding epidemic. Eur J Public Health. 2010;21(5):613-9.
16. Gyarmathy VA, Li N, Tobin KE, Hoffman IF, Sokolov N, Levchenko J, et al. Unprotected sex in heterosexual partnerships of injecting drug users in St Petersburg, Russia. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(1):58-64.
17. Hayward P. First reduce harm: tackling HIV in Ukraine. Lancet. 2010;376:1287-8.
18. Laisaar KT, Avi R, DeHovitz J, Uusküla A. Estonia at the threshold of the fourth decade of the AIDS era in Europe. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2011;27(8):841-51.
19. Sa S, Hallett TB, Bobrova N, Rhodes T, Booth R, Abdool R, et al. HIV and risk environment for injecting drug users: the past, present, and future. Lancet. 2010;376(9737):268-84.
20. Spicer N, Bogdan D, Brugha R, Harmer A, Murzalieva G, Semigina T. 'It's risky to walk in the city with syringes': understanding access to HIV/AIDS services for injecting drug users in the former Soviet Union countries of Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan. Glob Heal. 2011;7:22.
21. Mimiaga MJ, Safren SA, Dvoryak S, Reisner L, Needle R, Woody G. "We fear the police, and the police fear us": structural and individual barriers and facilitators to HIV medication adherence among injection drug users in Kiev, Ukraine. AIDS Care. 2011;22(11):1305-13.
22. Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. 2012 China AIDS response progress report. Beijing: Ministry of Health; 2012.
23. Vuong T, Ali R, Baldwin S, Mills S. Drug policy in Vietnam: a decade of change? Int J Infect Dis. 2012;23(4):319-26.
24. Reid G, Kamarulzaman A, Sran SK. Malaysia and harm reduction: the challenges and responses. Int J Drug Policy. 2007;18(2):136-40.
25. Ding Y, Detels R, He N. Circumstances of initiation into new-type drug use among adults in Shanghai: Are there differences by types of first new-type drug used? Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013; doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.019.
26. Kissin DM, Mandel MG, Akatova N, Belyakov N, Rakhmanova AG, Voronin EE, et al. Five-year trends in epidemiology and prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission, St. Petersburg, Russia: results from perinatal HIV surveillance. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:292.
27. Sarang A, Stuikyte R, Bykov R. Implementation of harm reduction in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Int J Drug Policy. 2007;18:129-35.
28. Narayanan S, Vicknasingam B, Robson N. The transition to harm reduction: understanding the role of non-governmental organisations in Malaysia. Int J Drug Policy. 2011;22(4):311-7.
29. Sullivan LE, Metzger DS, Fudala PJ, Fiellin D. Decreasing international HIV transmission: the role of expanding access to opioid agonist therapies for injection drug users. Addiction. 2005;100(2):150-8.
30. Metzger DS, Zhang Y. Drug treatment as HIV prevention: expanding treatment options. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2010;7(4):220-5.
31. Mathers BM, Degenhardt L, Ali H, Wiessing L, Hickman M, Mattick RP, et al. HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for people who inject drugs: a systematic review of global, regional, and national coverage. Lancet. 2010;375(9719):1014-28.
32. • Hammett TM, Des Jarlais DC, Kling R, Kieu BT, McNicholl JM, Wasinrapee P, et al. Controlling HIV Epidemics among injection drug users: eight years of cross-border HIV prevention interventions in Vietnam and China. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43141-e. This article reports on one of the longest studies of HIV prevention among PWID in Asia. The research found that a peer-based needle/syringe exchange intervention was strongly correlated with significant reductions in HIV incidence through 96 months.
33. •• MacArthur GJ, Minozzi S, Martin N, Vickerman P, Deren S, Bruneau J, et al. Opiate substitution treatment and HIV transmission in people who inject drugs: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012;345:e5945. This article provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that assessed the impact of OST in relation to HIV incidence. OST was associated with a 54 % reduction in risk of HIV infection among PWID.
34. World Health Organization. Effectiveness of sterile needle and syringe programming in reducing HIV/AIDS among injecting drug users. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
35. Alistar SS, Owens DK, Brandeau ML. Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of expanding harm reduction and antiretroviral therapy in a mixed HIV epidemic: a modeling analysis for Ukraine. PLoS Med. 2011;8(3):e1000423-e.
36. Lin C, Wu Z, Rou K, Yin W, Shoptaw S, Detels R. Structural-level factors affecting implementation of the methadone maintenance therapy program in China. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2010;38(2):119.
37. Liu E. Factors influencing client retention in methadone maintenance treatment clinics in China [dissertation]. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles; 2008.
38. Hsieh J. Perceived barriers to post-release participation in methadone maintenance treatment: Perspectives of compulsory drug detoxification center detainees in Yunnan, China [dissertation]. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles; 2013.
39. • Jolley E, Rhodes T, Platt L, Hope V, Latypov A, Donoghoe M, et al. HIV among people who inject drugs in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia: a systematic review with implications for policy. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e001465. This article provides a systematic review of the risk factors associated with HIV prevalence among PWID in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia and a discussion of the response to HIV and the policy environments in these regions.
40. Bergenstrom AM, Abdul-Quader AS. Injection drug use, HIV and the current response in selected low-income and middle-income countries. AIDS. 2010;24 Suppl 3:S20-9.
41. Fu JJ, Bazazi AR, Altice FL, Mohamed MN, Kamarulzaman A. Absence of antiretroviral therapy and other risk factors for morbidity and mortality in Malaysian compulsory drug detention and rehabilitation centers. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e44249.
42. Vlahov D, Robertson AM, Strathdee S. Prevention of HIV infection among injection drug users in resource-limited settings. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50 Suppl 3:S114-21.
43. Sarang A, Rhodes T, Sheon N, Page K. Policing drug users in Russia: risk, fear, and structural violence. Subst Use Misuse. 2010;45(6):813-64.
44. Chatterjee A, Sharma M. Moving from a project to programmatic response: scaling up harm reduction in Asia. Int J Drug Policy. 2010;21(2):134-6.
45. Zhao Y, Shi CX, McGoogan JM, Rou K, Zhang F, Wu Z. Methadone maintenance treatment and mortality in HIV-positive people who inject opioids in China. Bull World Health Organ. 2013;91:93-101.
46. Hogg R, Heath K, Yip B, Craib K, O'Shaughnessy M, Schechter M, et al. Improved survival among HIV-infected individuals following initiation of antiretroviral therapy. JAMA. 1998;279(6):450-4.
47. Hull MW, Wu Z, Montaner JS. Optimizing the engagement of care cascade: a critical step to maximize the impact of HIV treatment as prevention. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2012;7(6):579-86.
48. Cohen M, Chen Y, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour M, Kumarasamy N, et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(6):493-505.
49. Zhang F, Dou Z, Yu L, Xu J, Jiao JH, Wang N, et al. The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on mortality among HIV-infected former plasma donors in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47(6):825-33.
50. Attia S, Egger M, Müller M, Zwahlen M, Low N. Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS. 2009;23(11):1397-404.
51. Binford MC, Kahana SY, Altice FL. A systematic review of antiretroviral adherence interventions for HIV-infected people who use drugs. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2012;9(4):287-312.
52. Malta M, Bastos FI, Silva CMFP, Pereira GFM, Lucena FFA, Fonseca MGP, et al. Differential survival benefit of universal HAART access in Brazil: a nation-wide comparison of injecting drug users versus men who have sex with men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;52(5):629-35.
53. Bobrova N, Sarang A, Stuikyte R, Lezhentsev K. Obstacles in provision of anti-retroviral treatment to drug users in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia: a regional overview. Int J Drug Policy. 2007;18:313-8.
54. Dou Z, Chen RY, Xu J, Ma Y, Jiao JH, Durako S, et al. Changing baseline characteristics among patients in the China National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program, 2002-09. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39 Suppl 2:ii56-64.
55. Wen Y, Zhao D, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Lu L, Liu W, et al. Some patient-related factors associated with late access to ART in China' s free ART program. AIDS Care. 2011;23(10):1226-35.
56. Zhang F, Haberer J, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Zhao D, et al. The Chinese free antiretroviral treatment program: challenges and responses. AIDS. 2007;21 Suppl 8:S143-8.
57. Des Jarlais DC. Learning from HIV epidemics among injecting drug users. Int J Drug Policy. 2010;21(2):97-9.
58. Smith K, Bartlett N, Wang N. A harm reduction paradox: comparing China's policies on needle and syringe exchange and methadone maintenance. Int J Infect Dis. 2012;23(4):327-32.
59. Wu Z, Sullivan SG, Wang Y, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Detels R. Evolution of China's response to HIV/AIDS. Lancet. 2007;369(9562):679-90.
60. Wu Z, Rou K, Cui H. The HIV/AIDS epidemic in China: history, current strategies and future challenges. AIDS Educ Prev. 2004;16(3 Suppl A):7-17.
61. Wu Z, Liu Z, Detels R. HIV-1 infection in commercial plasma donors in China. Lancet. 1995;346:61-2.