Affective temperaments and ego defense mechanisms associated with somatic symptom severity in a large sample

Journal of Affective Disorders

Volumn 150, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 481-489

  Hyphantis, Thomas N ^a   Taunay, Tauily C ^b   Macedo, Danielle S ^b   Soeiro De Souza, Márcio G ^c   Bisol, Luísa W ^d   Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N ^e   Lara, Diogo R ^d   Carvalho, André F ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA   (Greece)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF CEARÁ   (Brazil)

^c Tobacco Treatment Outpatient Clinic   (Brazil)

^d PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL   (Brazil)

^e ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI   (Greece)

Author keywords

Defense mechanisms; Personality; Somatization; Temperament; Web survey; Web based research

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEFENSE MECHANISM; DEPRESSION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EGO; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHYSICAL DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; SOMATIZATION; SYMPTOM CHECKLIST 90; TEMPERAMENT;

DEFENSE MECHANISMS; PERSONALITY; SOMATIZATION; TEMPERAMENT; WEB SURVEY; WEB-BASED RESEARCH;

ADULT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEFENSE MECHANISMS; DEPRESSION; EGO; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MOOD DISORDERS; QUESTIONNAIRES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TEMPERAMENT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84882889399     PISSN: 01650327     EISSN: 15732517     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.04.043     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. H.S. Akiskal, K. Akiskal, J.F. Allilaire, J.M. Azorin, M.L. Bourgeois, D. Sechter, J.P. Fraud, L. Chatenet-Duchene, S. Lancrenon, G. Perugi, and E.G. Hantouche Validating affective temperaments in their subaffective and socially positive attributes: psychometric, clinical and familial data from a French national study Journal of Affective Disorders 85 2005 29 36
2. H.S. Akiskal, K.K. Akiskal, R.F. Haykal, J.S. Manning, and P.D. Connor TEMPS- A: progress towards validation of a self-rated clinical version of the temperament evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire J. Affect. Disord. 85 2005 3 16
3. K.K. Akiskal, and H.S. Akiskal The theoretical underpinnings of affective temperaments: implications for evolutionary foundations of bipolar disorder and human nature Journal of Affective Disorders 85 2005 231 239
4. S.C. Albuquerque, E.R. Carvalho, R.S. Lopes, H.S. Marques, D.S. Macêdo, E.D. Pereira, T.N. Hyphantis, and A.F. Carvalho Ego defense mechanisms in COPD: impact on health-related quality of life and dyspnoea severiity Quality of Life Research 20 2011 1401 1410
5. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - DSM-IV 4th ed. 1994 American Psychiatric Association Washington DC
6. G. Andrews, M. Singh, and M. Bond The defense style questionnaire Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 181 1993 246 256
7. M. Bai, B. Tomenson, F. Creed, D. Mantis, N. Tsifetaki, P.V. Voulgari, A.A. Drosos, and T.N. Hyphantis The role of psychological distress and personality variables in the disablement process in rheumatoid arthritis Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 38 6 2009 419 430
8. C. Blaya, L. Kipper, E. Heldt, L. Isolan, L.H. Ceitlin, M. Bond, and G.G. Manfro Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) for defense mechanisms measure: a preliminary study Revista brasileira de psiquiatria 26 2004 255 258
9. M. Bond An empirical study of defense styles G.E. Vaillant, Ego Mechanisms of Defense: A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers 1992 American Psychiatric Press Washington DC 139 140
10. M. Bond Empirical studies of defense style: relationships with psychopathology and change Harvard Review of Psychiatry 12 5 2004 263 278
11. C. Brenner Defense and defense mechanisms Psychoanalytic Quarterly 50 1981 557 569
12. Carissimi, A., 2011. Examinando fatores causais de sintomas psicologicos atraves do SCL-90 R em pacientes com apneia do sono grave (Master's degree dissertation). Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
13. A.F. Carvalho, T.N. Hyphantis, T.C. Taunay, D.S. Macêdo, G.D. Floros, G.L. Ottoni, K.N. Fountoulakis, and D.R. Lara The relationship between affective temperaments, defensive styles and depressive symptoms in a large sample Journal of Affective Disorders 146 2013 58 65
14. P. Cramer The Development of Defense Mechanisms: Theory, Research and Assessment: Empirical Studies in Psychoanalytic Theories vol 10 1991 Springer New York, NY 81 127
15. F. Creed, E. Guthrie, P. Fink, P. Henningsen, W. Rief, M. Sharpe, and P. White Is there a better term than "medically unexplained symptoms"? Journal of Psychosomatic Research 68 2010 5 8
16. F.H. Creed, A. Barsky, and K.A. Leiknes Epidemiology: prevalence, causes and consequences F.H. Creed, P. Henningsen, P. Fink, Medically Unexplained Symptoms, Somatisation and Bodily Distress: Developing Better Clinical Services 2011 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
17. F.H. Creed, and A. Barsky A systematic review of somatisation and hypochondriasis Journal of Psychosomatic Research 56 2004 391 408
18. F.H. Creed, I. Davies, J. Jackson, A. Littlewood, C. Chew-Graham, B. Tomenson, G. Macfarlane, A. Barsky, W. Katon, and J. McBeth The epidemiology of multiple somatic symptoms Journal of Psychosomatic Research 72 2012 311 317
19. L. Dell'Osso, L. Bazzichi, G. Consoli, C. Carmassi, M. Carlini, E. Massimetti, C. Giacomelli, S. Bombardieri, and A. Ciapparelli Manic spectrum symptoms are correlated to the severity of pain and the health-related quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 27 2009 S57 S61
20. L.R. Derogatis SCL-90-R: Administration, scoring, and procedure manual 3rd ed. 1994 National Computer Systems Minneapolis, MN
21. L.R. Derogatis, and N. Melisaratos The brief symptom inventory: an introductory report Psychological Medicine 13 1983 595 605
22. J. Dimsdale, and F. Creed DSM-V workgroup on somatic symptom disorders. The proposed diagnosis of somatic symptom disorders in DSM-V to replace somatoform disorders in DSM-IV - a preliminary report Journal of Psychosomatic Research 66 6 2009 473 476
23. H.M. Fox The theory of the conversion process Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 7 1959 173 181
24. A. Freud The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense (Translated by Cecil Baines) 1986 Hogarth Press Ltd. London, UK
25. S. Freud On the history of the psychoanalyticalmovement J. Strachey, The Standard Edition of the Complete Works of Sigmund Freud 1914 Hogarth Press UK 3 66
26. X. Gonda, Z. Rihmer, T. Zsombok, G. Bagdy, K.K. Akiskal, and H.S. Akiskal The 5HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene is associated with affective temperaments as measured by TEMPS-A Journal of Affective Disorders 91 2006 125 131
27. O. Gureje, and G.E. Simon The natural history of somatization in primary care Psychological Medicine 29 1999 669 676
28. E. Guthrie, F. Creed, D. Dawson, and B. Tomenson A controlled trial of psychological treatment for the irritable bowel syndrome Gastroenterology 100 1991 450 457
29. S.C. Gupta, V.K. Sinha, S.K. Praharaj, and S. Gandotra Factor structure of manic symptoms in adolescents Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 23 2011 243 249
30. W. Hauser, G. Schmutzer, E. Brahler, and H. Glaesmer A cluster within the continuum of biopsychosocial distress can be labeled "fibromyalgia syndrome" - evidence from a representative German population survey Journal of Rheumatology 36 2009 2806 2812
31. T. Hyphantis, E. Guthrie, B. Tomenson, and F. Creed Psychodynamic interpersonal therapy and improvement in interpersonal difficulties in people with severe irritable bowel syndrome Pain 145 1-2 2009 196 203
32. M. Johnson The vulnerability status of neuroticism: over-reporting or genuine complaints? Personality and Individual Differences 35 2003 877 887
33. S. Körber, D. Frieser, N. Steinbrecher, and W. Hiller Classification characteristics of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 for screening somatoform disorders in a primary care setting Journal of Psychosomatic Research 71 2011 142 147
34. H.C. Kraemer, G.T. Wilson, C.G. Fairburn, and W.S. Agras Mediators and moderators of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials Archives of General Psychiatry 59 2002 877 883
35. E. Kraepelin Manic-depressive Insanity and Paranoia (M. Barclay, Trans.) 1921 Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh, UK
36. E. Kretschmer Psychique und Character 1936 Kegan, Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co. Ltd. London, UK
37. K. Kroenke, M. Sharpe, and R. Sykes Revising the classification of somatoform disorders: key questions and preliminary recommendations Psychosomatics 2007 277 285
38. K. Kroenke Patients presenting with somatic complaints: epidemiology, psychiatric comorbidity and management International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 12 1 2003 34 43
39. K.H. Ladwig, B. Marten-Mittag, M.E. Lacruz, P. Henningsen, F. Creed MONICA KORA Investigators Screening for multiple somatic complaints in a population-based survey: does excessive symptom reporting capture the concept of somatic symptom disorders? Findings from the MONICA-KORA Cohort Study Journal of Psychosomatic Research 68 5 2010 427 437
40. D.R. Lara, L.W. Bisol, M.G. Brunstein, C.T. Reppold, H.W. de Carvalho, and G.L. Ottoni The affective and emotional composite temperament (AFECT) model and scale: a system-based integrative approach Journal of Affective Disorders 140 2012 14 37
41. D.R. Lara, G.L. Ottoni, M.G. Brunstein, J. Frozi, H.W. Carvalho, and L.W. Bisol Development and validity of the Brazilian internet study on temperament and psychopathology (BRAINSTEP) Journal of Affective Disorders 141 2-3 2012 390 398
42. K.A. Leiknes, A. Finset, T. Moum, and I. Sandanger Course and predictors of medically unexplained pain symptoms in the general population Journal of Psychosomatic Research 62 2 2007 119 128
43. J. Miles, and M. Shevlin Issues in regression analysis J. Miles, M. Shevlin, Applying Regression and Correlation 2003 Sage London 126 132
44. K. Monsen, and O.E. Havik Psychological functioning and bodily conditions in patients with pain disorder associated with psychological factors British Journal of Medical Psychology 74 Part 2 2001 183 195
45. R.T. Mulder, P.R. Joyce, J.D. Sellman, P.F. Sullivan, and C.R. Cloninger Towards an understanding of defense style in terms of temperament and character Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 93 1996 99 104
46. J. Neeleman, R. Bijl, and J. Ormel Neuroticism, a central link between somatic and psychiatric morbidity: path analysis of prospective data Psychological Medicine 34 2004 521 531
47. Pacchiarotti, L., Nivoli, A.M., Mazzarini, L., Kotzalidis, G.D., Sani, G., Koukopoulos, A., Scott, J., Strejilevich, S., Sánchez-Moreno, J., Murru, A., Valentí, M., Girardi, P., Vieta, E., Colom, F., Journal of Affective Disorders, 10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.003, in press
48. L. Rangell The nature of conversion Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 7 1959 632 662
49. R.M. Rapee, W.C. Sanderson, P.A. McCauley, and P.A. Di Nardo Differences in reported symptom profile between panic disorder and other DSM-III-R anxiety disorders Behaviour Research and Therapy 30 1 1992 45 52
50. Z. Rihmer, K.K. Akiskal, A. Rihmer, and H.S. Akiskal Current research on affective temperaments Current Opinion in Psychiatry 23 2010 12 18
51. G.M. Rodin Somatization: a perspective from self psychology Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis 19 3 1991 367 384
52. J.G. Rosmalen, J. Neeleman, R.O. Gans, and P. de Jonge The association between neuroticism and self-reported common somatic symptoms in a population cohort Journal of Psychosomatic Research 62 3 2007 305 311
53. J. Russo, W. Katon, M. Sullivan, M. Clark, and D. Buckwald Severity of somatization and its relationship to psychiatric disorders and personality Psychosomatics 35 1994 546 556
54. N. Sartorius, A. Jablensky, and D.A. Regier Sources and Traditions of Classi-fication in Psychiatry 1990 Hogrefe and Huber Toronto, Canada
55. Schaefert, N., Höner, C., Salm, F., Wirsching, M., Leonhart, R., Yang, J., Wei, J., Lu, W., Larisch, A., Fritzsche, K., Psychological and behavioral variables associated with the somatic symptom severity of general hospital outpatients in China. General Hospital Psychiatry, 10.1016/j. genhosppsych.2012.11.001, in press
56. M. Sharpe, R. Mayou, and J. Walker Bodily symptoms: new approaches to classification Journal of Psychosomatic Research 60 4 2006 353 356
57. Y. Tanaka, M. Kanazawa, S. Fukudo, and D.A. Drossman Biopsychosocial model of irritable bowel syndrome Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 17 2011 131 139
58. G.E. Vaillant Ego Mechanisms of Defense: A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers 1992 American Psychiatric Press Washington, DC
59. I. Van Diest, S. de Peuter, A. Eertmans, K. Bogaerts, A. Victoir, and O. Van den Bergh Negative affectivity and enhanced symptom reports: differentiating between symptoms in men and women Social Science and Medicine 61 2005 1835 1845
60. C. Zhu, L. Ou, Q. Geng, M. Zhang, R. Ye, J. Chen, and W. Jiang Association of somatic symptoms with depression and anxiety in clinical patients of general hospitals in Guangzhou China General Hospital Psychiatry 34 2012 113 120