Dietary restriction and aging in rodents: A current view on its molecular mechanisms

Aging and Disease

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 89-104

  Shimokawa, Isao ^a   Trindade, Lucas ^a  

^a NAGASAKI UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

AMPK; Dietary restriction; FoxO1; Rodents; SIRT1

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; MAMMALIA; NEMATODA; RODENTIA;

EID: 84882835206     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21525250     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. Masoro EJ (2003). Subfield history: caloric restriction, slowing aging, and extending life. Sci Aging Knowledge Environ, 2003: RE2.
2. Mair W, Piper MDW and Partridge L (2005). Calories do not explain extension of life span by dietary restriction in Drosophila. PLoS Biol, 3: e223.
3. Min K-J and Tatar M (2006). Restriction of amino acids extends lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Mech Ageing Dev, 127: 643-646.
4. McCay CM, Crowell MF and Maynard LA (1989). The effect of retarded growth upon the length of life span and upon the ultimate body size. 1935. Nutrition, 5: 155-171; discussion 172.
5. Harman D (1956). Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry. J Geronto, 11: 298-300.
6. Pérez VI, Van Remmen H, Bokov A, Epstein CJ, Vijg J and Richardson A (2009). The overexpression of major antioxidant enzymes does not extend the lifespan of mice. Aging Cell, 8: 73-75.
7. Friedman DB and Johnson TE (1988). Three mutants that extend both mean and maximum life span of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, define the age-1 gene. J Geronto, 43: B102-109.
8. Morris JZ, Tissenbaum HA and Ruvkun G (1996). A phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase family member regulating longevity and diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature, 382: 536-539.
9. Dorman JB, Albinder B, Shroyer T and Kenyon C (1995). The age-1 and daf-2 genes function in a common pathway to control the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics, 141: 1399-1406.
10. Dilova I, Easlon E and Lin S-J (2007). Calorie restriction and the nutrient sensing signaling pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci, 64: 752-767.
11. Kaeberlein M (2010). Lessons on longevity from budding yeast. Nature, 464: 513-519.
12. Mair W and Dillin A (2008). Aging and survival: the genetics of life span extension by dietary restriction. Annu Rev Biochem, 77: 727-754.
13. Bartke A (2008). Impact of reduced insulin-like growth factor-1/insulin signaling on aging in mammals: novel findings. Aging Cell, 7: 285-290.
14. Shimokawa I, Chiba T, Yamaza H and Komatsu T (2008). Longevity genes: insights from calorie restriction and genetic longevity models. Mol Cells, 26: 427-435.
15. van Heemst D, Beekman M, Mooijaart SP, Heijmans BT, Brandt BW, Zwaan BJ, Slagboom PE and Westendorp RGJ (2005). Reduced insulin/IGF-1 signalling and human longevity. Aging Cell, 4: 79-85.
16. Suh Y, Atzmon G, Cho M-O, Hwang D, Liu B, Leahy DJ, Barzilai N and Cohen P (2008). Functionally significant insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor mutations in centenarians. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105: 3438-3442.
17. Longo VD and Finch CE (2003). Evolutionary medicine: from dwarf model systems to healthy centenarians? Science, 299: 1342-1346.
18. Breese CR, Ingram RL and Sonntag WE (1991). Influence of age and long-term dietary restriction on plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 gene expression, and IGF-1 binding proteins. J Geronto, 46: B180-187.
19. Masoro EJ, McCarter RJ, Katz MS and McMahan CA (1992). Dietary restriction alters characteristics of glucose fuel use. J Gerontol, 47: B202-208.
20. Shimokawa I, Higami Y, Tsuchiya T, Otani H, Komatsu T, Chiba T and Yamaza H (2003). Life span extension by reduction of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis: relation to caloric restriction. FASEB J, 17: 1108-1109.
21. Coschigano KT, Clemmons D, Bellush LL and Kopchick JJ (2000). Assessment of growth parameters and life span of GHR/BP gene-disrupted mice. Endocrinology, 141: 2608-2613.
22. Bonkowski MS, Rocha JS, Masternak MM, Al Regaiey KA and Bartke A (2006). Targeted disruption of growth hormone receptor interferes with the beneficial actions of calorie restriction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 103: 7901-7905.
23. Shimokawa I, Higami Y, Utsuyama M, Tuchiya T, Komatsu T, Chiba T and Yamaza H (2002). Life span extension by reduction in growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in a transgenic rat model. Am J Pathol, 160: 2259-2265.
24. Yamaza H, Komatsu T, Chiba T, Toyama H, To K, Higami Y and Shimokawa I (2004). A transgenic dwarf rat model as a tool for the study of calorie restriction and aging. Exp Gerontol, 39: 269-272.
25. Shimokawa I, Utsuyama M, Komatsu T, Yamaza H and Chiba T, A transgenic dwarf rat strain as a tool for the study of immunosenescence in aging rats and the effect of calorie restriction, in Handbook on Immunosenescence, Fulop T, Franceschi C, Hirokawa K, and Pawelec G, Editors. 2009, Springer Science+Business Media B.V. p. 131-144.
26. Brown-Borg HM, Borg KE, Meliska CJ and Bartke A (1996). Dwarf mice and the ageing process. Nature, 384: 33.
27. Bartke A, Wright JC, Mattison JA, Ingram DK, Miller RA and Roth GS (2001). Extending the lifespan of long-lived mice. Nature, 414: 412.
28. Kenyon C, Chang J, Gensch E, Rudner A and Tabtiang R (1993). A C. elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild type. Nature, 366: 461-464.
29. van der Horst A and Burgering BMT (2007). Stressing the role of FoxO proteins in lifespan and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 8: 440-450.
30. Paik J-H, Kollipara R, Chu G, Ji H, Xiao Y, Ding Z, Miao L, Tothova Z, Horner JW, Carrasco DR, Jiang S, Gilliland DG, Chin L, Wong WH, Castrillon DH and DePinho RA (2007). FoxOs are lineage-restricted redundant tumor suppressors and regulate endothelial cell homeostasis. Cell, 128: 309-323.
31. Tothova Z, Kollipara R, Huntly BJ, Lee BH, Castrillon DH, Cullen DE, McDowell EP, Lazo-Kallanian S, Williams IR, Sears C, Armstrong SA, Passegué E, DePinho RA and Gilliland DG (2007). FoxOs are critical mediators of hematopoietic stem cell resistance to physiologic oxidative stress. Cell, 128: 325-339.
32. Furuyama T, Kitayama K, Shimoda Y, Ogawa M, Sone K, Yoshida-Araki K, Hisatsune H, Nishikawa S, Nakayama K, Nakayama K, Ikeda K, Motoyama N and Mori N (2004). Abnormal angiogenesis in Foxo1 (Fkhr)-deficient mice. J Biol Chem, 279: 34741-34749.
33. Yamaza H, Komatsu T, Wakita S, Kijogi C, Park S, Hayashi H, Chiba T, Mori R, Furuyama T, Mori N and Shimokawa I (2010). FoxO1 is involved in the antineoplastic effect of calorie restriction. Aging Cell, 9: 372-382.
34. Kalaany NY and Sabatini DM (2009). Tumours with PI3K activation are resistant to dietary restriction. Nature, 458: 725-731.
35. Pearson KJ, Lewis KN, Price NL, Chang JW, Perez E, Cascajo MV, Tamashiro KL, Poosala S, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Kensler TW, Yamamoto M, Egan JM, Longo DL, Ingram DK, Navas P and de Cabo R (2008). Nrf2 mediates cancer protection but not prolongevity induced by caloric restriction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105: 2325-2330.
36. Sykiotis GP and Bohmann D (2010). Stress-activated cap'n'collar transcription factors in aging and human disease. Sci Signal, 3: re3.
37. Chen W, Sun Z, Wang X-J, Jiang T, Huang Z, Fang D and Zhang DD (2009). Direct interaction between Nrf2 and p21(Cip1/WAF1) upregulates the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response. Mol Cell, 34: 663-673.
38. An JH and Blackwell TK (2003). SKN-1 links C. elegans mesendodermal specification to a conserved oxidative stress response. Genes Dev, 17: 1882-1893.
39. Bishop NA and Guarente L (2007). Two neurons mediate diet-restriction-induced longevity in C. elegans. Nature, 447: 545-549.
40. Przybysz AJ, Choe KP, Roberts LJ and Strange K (2009). Increased age reduces DAF-16 and SKN-1 signaling and the hormetic response of Caenorhabditis elegans to the xenobiotic juglone. Mech Ageing Dev, 130: 357-369.
41. Mattson MP (2008). Dietary factors, hormesis and health. Ageing Res Rev, 7: 43-48.
42. Collado M, Blasco MA and Serrano M (2007). Cellular senescence in cancer and aging. Cell, 130: 223-233.
43. Gartel AL and Radhakrishnan SK (2005). Lost in transcription: p21 repression, mechanisms, and consequences. Cancer Res, 65: 3980-3985.
44. Kamei Y, Miura S, Suzuki M, Kai Y, Mizukami J, Taniguchi T, Mochida K, Hata T, Matsuda J, Aburatani H, Nishino I and Ezaki O (2004). Skeletal muscle FOXO1 (FKHR) transgenic mice have less skeletal muscle mass, down-regulated Type I (slow twitch/red muscle) fiber genes, and impaired glycemic control. J Biol Chem, 279: 41114-41123.
45. Blasco MA, Lee HW, Hande MP, Samper E, Lansdorp PM, DePinho RA and Greider CW (1997). Telomere shortening and tumor formation by mouse cells lacking telomerase RNA. Cell, 91: 25-34.
46. Choudhury AR, Ju Z, Djojosubroto MW, Schienke A, Lechel A, Schaetzlein S, Jiang H, Stepczynska A, Wang C, Buer J, Lee H-W, von Zglinicki T, Ganser A, Schirmacher P, Nakauchi H and Rudolph KL (2007). Cdkn1a deletion improves stem cell function and lifespan of mice with dysfunctional telomeres without accelerating cancer formation. Nat Genet, 39: 99-105.
47. Martín-Caballero J, Flores JM, García-Palencia P and Serrano M (2001). Tumor susceptibility of p21(Waf1/Cip1)-deficient mice. Cancer Res, 61: 6234-6238.
48. Hardie DG (2004). The AMP-activated protein kinase pathway--new players upstream and downstream. J Cell Sci, 117: 5479-5487.
49. Sauve AA, Wolberger C, Schramm VL and Boeke JD (2006). The biochemistry of sirtuins. Annu Rev Biochem, 75: 435-465.
50. Greer EL, Dowlatshahi D, Banko MR, Villen J, Hoang K, Blanchard D, Gygi SP and Brunet A (2007). An AMPK-FOXO pathway mediates longevity induced by a novel method of dietary restriction in C. elegans. Curr Biol, 17: 1646-1656.
51. Lin SJ, Defossez PA and Guarente L (2000). Requirement of NAD and SIR2 for life-span extension by calorie restriction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science, 289: 2126-2128.
52. Greer EL and Brunet A (2009). Different dietary restriction regimens extend lifespan by both independent and overlapping genetic pathways in C. elegans. Aging Cell, 8: 113-127.
53. Howitz KT, Bitterman KJ, Cohen HY, Lamming DW, Lavu S, Wood JG, Zipkin RE, Chung P, Kisielewski A, Zhang L-L, Scherer B and Sinclair DA (2003). Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan. Nature, 425: 191-196.
54. Wood JG, Rogina B, Lavu S, Howitz K, Helfand SL, Tatar M and Sinclair D (2004). Sirtuin activators mimic caloric restriction and delay ageing in metazoans. Nature, 430: 686-689.
55. Pirola L and Fröjdö S (2008). Resveratrol: one molecule, many targets. IUBMB Life, 60: 323-332.
56. Lim CT, Kola B and Korbonits M (2010). AMPK as a mediator of hormonal signalling. J Mol Endocrinol, 44: 87-97.
57. Towler MC and Hardie DG (2007). AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic control and insulin signaling. Circ Res, 100: 328-341.
58. McCarty MF (2004). Chronic activation of AMP-activated kinase as a strategy for slowing aging. Med Hypotheses, 63: 334-339.
59. Anisimov VN (2003). Insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway driving aging and cancer as a target for pharmacological intervention. Exp Gerontol, 38: 1041-1049.
60. Ingram DK, Zhu M, Mamczarz J, Zou S, Lane MA, Roth GS and de Cabo R (2006). Calorie restriction mimetics: an emerging research field. Aging Cell, 5: 97-108.
61. Zhou G, Myers R, Li Y, Chen Y, Shen X, Fenyk-Melody J, Wu M, Ventre J, Doebber T, Fujii N, Musi N, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ and Moller DE (2001). Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. J Clin Invest, 108: 1167-1174.
62. Dilman VM and Anisimov VN (1980). Effect of treatment with phenformin, diphenylhydantoin or L-dopa on life span and tumour incidence in C3H/Sn mice. Gerontology, 26: 241-246.
63. Chen D, Bruno J, Easlon E, Lin S-J, Cheng H-L, Alt FW and Guarente L (2008). Tissue-specific regulation of SIRT1 by calorie restriction. Genes Dev, 22: 1753-1757.
64. Cohen HY, Miller C, Bitterman KJ, Wall NR, Hekking B, Kessler B, Howitz KT, Gorospe M, de Cabo R and Sinclair DA (2004). Calorie restriction promotes mammalian cell survival by inducing the SIRT1 deacetylase. Science, 305: 390-392.
65. Boily G, Seifert EL, Bevilacqua L, He XH, Sabourin G, Estey C, Moffat C, Crawford S, Saliba S, Jardine K, Xuan J, Evans M, Harper M-E and McBurney MW (2008). SirT1 regulates energy metabolism and response to caloric restriction in mice. PLoS ONE, 3: e1759.
66. Chen D, Steele AD, Lindquist S and Guarente L (2005). Increase in activity during calorie restriction requires Sirt1. Science, 310: 1641.
67. Li Y, Xu W, McBurney MW and Longo VD (2008). SirT1 inhibition reduces IGF-I/IRS-2/Ras/ERK1/2 signaling and protects neurons. Cell Metab, 8: 38-48.
68. Banks AS, Kon N, Knight C, Matsumoto M, Gutiérrez-Juárez R, Rossetti L, Gu W and Accili D (2008). SirT1 gain of function increases energy efficiency and prevents diabetes in mice. Cell Metab, 8: 333-341.
69. Bordone L, Cohen D, Robinson A, Motta MC, van Veen E, Czopik A, Steele AD, Crowe H, Marmor S, Luo J, Gu W and Guarente L (2007). SIRT1 transgenic mice show phenotypes resembling calorie restriction. Aging Cell, 6: 759-767.
70. Pfluger PT, Herranz D, Velasco-Miguel S, Serrano M Tschöp MH (2008). Sirt1 protects against high-fat diet-induced metabolic damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105: 9793-9798.
71. Ruderman NB, Xu XJ, Nelson LE, Cacicedo JM, Saha AK, Lan F and Ido Y (2010). AMPK and SIRT1: A Longstanding Partnership? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 298: E751-760.
72. Bruss MD, Khambatta CF, Ruby MA, Aggarwal I and Hellerstein MK (2010). Calorie restriction increases fatty acid synthesis and whole body fat oxidation rates. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 298: E108-116.
73. Duffy PH, Feuers R, Nakamura KD, Leakey J and Hart RW (1990). Effect of chronic caloric restriction on the synchronization of various physiological measures in old female Fischer 344 rats. Chronobiol Int, 7: 113-124.
74. To K, Yamaza H, Komatsu T, Hayashida T, Hayashi H, Toyama H, Chiba T, Higami Y and Shimokawa I (2007). Down-regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by calorie restriction in rat liver. Exp Gerontol, 42: 1063-1071.
75. Al-Regaiey KA, Masternak MM, Bonkowski M, Sun L and Bartke A (2005). Long-lived growth hormone receptor knockout mice: interaction of reduced insulin-like growth factor i/insulin signaling and caloric restriction. Endocrinology, 146: 851-860.
76. Gonzalez AA, Kumar R, Mulligan JD, Davis AJ, Weindruch R and Saupe KW (2004). Metabolic adaptations to fasting and chronic caloric restriction in heart, muscle, and liver do not include changes in AMPK activity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 287: E1032-1037.
77. Jiang W, Zhu Z and Thompson HJ (2008). Dietary energy restriction modulates the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin in mammary carcinomas, mammary gland, and liver. Cancer Res, 68: 5492-5499.
78. Shaw RJ, Lamia KA, Vasquez D, Koo S-H, Bardeesy N, DePinho RA, Montminy M and Cantley LC (2005). The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin. Science, 310: 1642-1646.
79. Foretz M, Ancellin N, Andreelli F, Saintillan Y, Grondin P, Kahn A, Thorens B, Vaulont S and Viollet B (2005). Short-term overexpression of a constitutively active form of AMP-activated protein kinase in the liver leads to mild hypoglycemia and fatty liver. Diabetes, 54: 1331-1339.
80. Koo S-H, Flechner L, Qi L, Zhang X, Screaton RA, Jeffries S, Hedrick S, Xu W, Boussouar F, Brindle P, Takemori H and Montminy M (2005). The CREB coactivator TORC2 is a key regulator of fasting glucose metabolism. Nature, 437: 1109-1111.
81. Trindade LS, Park S, Komatsu T, Yamaza H, Hayashi H, Mori R, Chiba T, Kuramoto K and Shimokawa I (2010). Down-regulation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and up-regulation of CREB coactivator CRTC2 for gluconeogenesis under calorie-restricted conditions at a young age. Acta Medica Nagasakiensia, in press.
82. Masoro EJ and Austad SN (1996). The evolution of the antiaging action of dietary restriction: a hypothesis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 51: B387-391.
83. Wang B, Goode J, Best J, Meltzer J, Schilman PE, Chen J, Garza D, Thomas JB and Montminy M (2008). The insulin-regulated CREB coactivator TORC promotes stress resistance in Drosophila. Cell Metab, 7: 434-444.
84. Yang J, Maika S, Craddock L, King JA and Liu Z-M (2008). Chronic activation of AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha1 in liver leads to decreased adiposity in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 370: 248-253.
85. Rodgers JT and Puigserver P (2007). Fasting-dependent glucose and lipid metabolic response through hepatic sirtuin 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 104: 12861-12866.
86. Rodgers JT, Lerin C, Haas W, Gygi SP, Spiegelman BM and Puigserver P (2005). Nutrient control of glucose homeostasis through a complex of PGC-1alpha and SIRT1. Nature, 434: 113-118.
87. Otabe S, Yuan X, Fukutani T, Wada N, Hashinaga T, Nakayama H, Hirota N, Kojima M and Yamada K (2007). Overexpression of human adiponectin in transgenic mice results in suppression of fat accumulation and prevention of premature death by high-calorie diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 293: E210-218.
88. Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Ito Y, Tsuchida A, Yokomizo T, Kita S, Sugiyama T, Miyagishi M, Hara K, Tsunoda M, Murakami K, Ohteki T, Uchida S, Takekawa S, Waki H, Tsuno NH, Shibata Y, Terauchi Y, Froguel P, Tobe K, Koyasu S, Taira K, Kitamura T, Shimizu T, Nagai R and Kadowaki T (2003). Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects. Nature, 423: 762-769.
89. Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Waki H, Imai Y, Shimozawa N, Hioki K, Uchida S, Ito Y, Takakuwa K, Matsui J, Takata M, Eto K, Terauchi Y, Komeda K, Tsunoda M, Murakami K, Ohnishi Y, Naitoh T, Yamamura K, Ueyama Y, Froguel P, Kimura S, Nagai R and Kadowaki T (2003). Globular adiponectin protected ob/ob mice from diabetes and ApoE-deficient mice from atherosclerosis. J Biol Chem, 278: 2461-2468.
90. Zhu M, Lee GD, Ding L, Hu J, Qiu G, de Cabo R, Bernier M, Ingram DK and Zou S (2007). Adipogenic signaling in rat white adipose tissue: modulation by aging and calorie restriction. Exp Gerontol, 42: 733-744.
91. Wetter TJ, Gazdag AC, Dean DJ and Cartee GD (1999). Effect of calorie restriction on in vivo glucose metabolism by individual tissues in rats. Am J Physiol, 276: E728-738.
92. Escrivá F, Gavete ML, Fermín Y, Pérez C, Gallardo N, Alvarez C, Andrés A, Ros M and Carrascosa JM (2007). Effect of age and moderate food restriction on insulin sensitivity in Wistar rats: role of adiposity. J Endocrinol, 194: 131-141.
93. Park S, Komatsu T, Hayashi H, Yamaza H, Chiba T, Higami Y, Kuramoto K and Shimokawa I (2008). Calorie restriction initiated at a young age activates the Akt/PKCd/?-Glut4 pathway in rat white adipose tissue in an insulin-independent manner. Age, 30: 293-302.
94. Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H and Kangawa K (1999). Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature, 402: 656-660.
95. Kim MS, Yoon CY, Jang PG, Park YJ, Shin CS, Park HS, Ryu JW, Pak YK, Park JY, Lee KU, Kim SY, Lee HK, Kim YB and Park KS (2004). The mitogenic and antiapoptotic actions of ghrelin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Endocrinol, 18: 2291-2301.
96. Komatsu T, Chiba T, Yamaza H, To K, Toyama H, Higami Y and Shimokawa I (2006). Effect of leptin on hypothalamic gene expression in calorie-restricted rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 61: 890-898.
97. Petersenn S (2002). Structure and regulation of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Minerva Endocrinol, 27: 243-256.
98. Wu X, Motoshima H, Mahadev K, Stalker TJ, Scalia R and Goldstein BJ (2003). Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase in glucose uptake stimulated by the globular domain of adiponectin in primary rat adipocytes. Diabetes, 52: 1355-1363.
99. Park S, Komatsu T, Hayashi H, Trindade L, Yamaza H, Chiba T and Shimokawa I (2009). Divergent regulation of adipose tissue metabolism by calorie restriction and inhibition of growth hormone signaling. Exp Gerontol, 44: 646-652.
100. Farmer SR (2006). Transcriptional control of adipocyte formation. Cell Metab, 4: 263-273.
101. Siersbäk R, Nielsen R and Mandrup S (2010). PPARgamma in adipocyte differentiation and metabolism -Novel insights from genome-wide studies. FEBS Lett, 584: 3242-3249.
102. Kim S-P, Ha JM, Yun SJ, Kim EK, Chung SW, Hong KW, Kim CD and Bae SS (2010). Transcriptional activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma requires activation of both protein kinase A and Akt during adipocyte differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 399: 55-59.
103. Habinowski SA and Witters LA (2001). The effects of AICAR on adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 286: 852-856.
104. Picard F, Kurtev M, Chung N, Topark-Ngarm A, Senawong T, Machado De Oliveira R, Leid M, McBurney MW and Guarente L (2004). Sirt1 promotes fat mobilization in white adipocytes by repressing PPAR-gamma. Nature, 429: 771-776.
105. Garton AJ, Campbell DG, Carling D, Hardie DG, Colbran RJ and Yeaman SJ (1989). Phosphorylation of bovine hormone-sensitive lipase by the AMP-activated protein kinase. A possible antilipolytic mechanism. Eur J Biochem, 179: 249-254.
106. McKnight GS, Cummings DE, Amieux PS, Sikorski MA, Brandon EP, Planas JV, Motamed K and Idzerda RL (1998). Cyclic AMP, PKA, and the physiological regulation of adiposity. Recent Prog Horm Res, 53: 139-159; discussion 60-61.
107. Granneman JG, Moore H-PH, Granneman RL, Greenberg AS, Obin MS and Zhu Z (2007). Analysis of lipolytic protein trafficking and interactions in adipocytes. J Biol Chem, 282: 5726-5735.
108. Zimmermann R, Haemmerle G, Wagner EM, Strauss JG, Kratky D and Zechner R (2003). Decreased fatty acid esterification compensates for the reduced lipolytic activity in hormone-sensitive lipase-deficient white adipose tissue. J Lipid Res, 44: 2089-2099.
109. Reshef L, Olswang Y, Cassuto H, Blum B, Croniger CM, Kalhan SC, Tilghman SM and Hanson RW (2003). Glyceroneogenesis and the triglyceride/fatty acid cycle. J Biol Chem, 278: 30413-30416.
110. Gauthier M-S, Miyoshi H, Souza SC, Cacicedo JM, Saha AK, Greenberg AS and Ruderman NB (2008). AMP-activated protein kinase is activated as a consequence of lipolysis in the adipocyte: potential mechanism and physiological relevance. J Biol Chem, 283: 16514-16524.
111. Daval M, Diot-Dupuy F, Bazin R, Hainault I, Viollet B, Vaulont S, Hajduch E, Ferré P and Foufelle F (2005). Anti-lipolytic action of AMP-activated protein kinase in rodent adipocytes. J Biol Chem, 280: 25250-25257.
112. Djouder N, Tuerk RD, Suter M, Salvioni P, Thali RF, Scholz R, Vaahtomeri K, Auchli Y, Rechsteiner H, Brunisholz RA, Viollet B, Mäkelä TP, Wallimann T, Neumann D and Krek W (2010). PKA phosphorylates and inactivates AMPKalpha to promote efficient lipolysis. EMBO J, 29: 469-481.
113. Cantó C, Gerhart-Hines Z, Feige JN, Lagouge M, Noriega L, Milne JC, Elliott PJ, Puigserver P and Auwerx J (2009). AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1 activity. Nature, 458: 1056-1060.
114. Glauser DA and Schlegel W (2007). The emerging role of FOXO transcription factors in pancreatic ß cells. J Endocrinol, 193: 195-207.
115. Barthel A, Schmoll D, Kruger K-D, Roth RA and Joost H-G (2002) Regulation of the forkhead transcription factor FKHR (FOXO1a) by glucose starvation and AICAR, an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase. Endocrinology 143: 3138-3186.
116. Nakae J, Kitamura T, Kitamura Y, Biggs III WH, Arden KC and Accili D (2003). The forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 regulates adipocyte differentiation. Develop Cell, 4: 119-129.
117. Dowell P, Otto TC, Adi S and Lane MD (2003). Convergence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and Foxo1 signaling pathways. J Biol Chem, 278: 45485-45491.
118. Qiang L, Banks AS and Accili D (2010). Uncoupling of acetylation from phosphorylation regulates FoxO1 function independent of its subcellular localization. J Biol Chem, 285: 27396-27401.
119. Shimokawa I, Yu BP and Masoro EJ (1991). Influence of diet on fatal neoplastic disease in male Fischer 344 rats. J Gerontol Biol Sci, 46: B228-232.