Inequality and inequity in access to health care and treatment for chronic conditions in China: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

Health Policy and Planning

Volumn 28, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 467-479

  Elwell Sutton, Timothy M ^a   Jiang, Chao Qiang ^b   Zhang, Wei Sen ^b   Cheng, Kar Keung ^c   Lam, Tai H ^a   Leung, Gabriel M ^a   Schooling, C M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b Guangzhou Number 12 Hospital   (China)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

access to care; China; chronic illness; inequality; Inequity

Indexed keywords

ACCESS TO CARE; AGED; ARTICLE; CHINA; CHRONIC DISEASE; COHORT ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; INEQUALITY; INEQUITY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SOCIAL CLASS; UTILIZATION REVIEW; VERY ELDERLY;

ACCESS TO CARE; CHINA; CHRONIC ILLNESS; INEQUALITY; INEQUITY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHINA; CHRONIC DISEASE; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HEALTH SERVICES; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SOCIAL CLASS;

EID: 84882776452     PISSN: 02681080     EISSN: 14602237     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czs077     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Akin JS, Dow WH, Lance PM, Loh CP. 2005. Changes in access to health care in China, 1989-1997. Health Policy and Planning 20: 80-9 (Pubitemid 40395680)
2. Banister J. 1987. China's Changing Population. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
3. Beaglehole R, Horton R. 2010. Chronic diseases: Global action must match global evidence. The Lancet 376: 1619-21
4. Bhandari A, Wagner T. 2006. Self-reported utilization of health care services: Improving measurement and accuracy. Medical Care Research and Review 63: 217-35 (Pubitemid 43344151)
5. Biemer PP, Christ SL. 2008. Weighting survey data. In: De Leeuw ED, Dillman DA (eds). International Handbook of Survey Methodology. New York and London: L. Erlbaum Associates
6. Cheng T-M. 2008. China's latest health reforms: A conversation with Chinese Health Minister Chen Zhu. Health Affairs 27: 1103-10
7. Clarke P, Fiebig DG, Gerdtham UG. 2008. Optimal recall length in survey design. Journal of Health Economics 27: 1275-84
8. Clarke P, Van Ourti T. 2010. Calculating the concentration index when income is grouped. Journal of Health Economics 29: 151-7
9. Elwell-Sutton TM, Jiang CQ, Zhang WS et al. 2011. Socioeconomic influences at different life stages on health in Guangzhou, China. Social Science & Medicine 72: 1884-92
10. Fleischer N, Diez Roux A, Alazraqui M, Spinelli H. 2008. Social patterning of chronic disease risk factors in a Latin American City. Journal of Urban Health 85: 923-37
11. Gao J, Qian J, Tang S, Eriksson B, Blas E. 2002. Health equity in transition from planned to market economy in China. Health Policy and Planning 17(Suppl. 1):20-9 (Pubitemid 36041835)
12. Gao J, Tang S, Tolhurst R, Rao K. 2001. Changing access to health services in urban China: Implications for equity. Health Policy and Planning 16: 302-12 (Pubitemid 32911157)
13. Gu D, Reynolds K, Duan X et al. 2003. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the Chinese adult population: International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA). Diabetologia 46: 1190-8 (Pubitemid 37214976)
14. Guangdong Statistical Bureau. 2010. Guangdong Statistical Yearbook 2010. Beijing: China Statistics Press
15. Guo Y, Shibuya K, Cheng G et al. 2010. Tracking China's health reform. The Lancet 375: 1056-8
16. Harrell FE. 2001. Regression Modeling Strategies: With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic Regression, and Survival Analysis. New York and London: Springer
17. Jian W, Chan KY, Reidpath DD, Xu L. 2010. China's rural-urban care gap shrank for chronic disease patients, but inequities persist. Health Affairs 29: 2189-96
18. Jiang C, Thomas GN, Lam TH et al. 2006. Cohort profile: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study, a Guangzhou-Hong Kong-Birmingham collaboration. International Journal of Epidemiology 35: 844-52 (Pubitemid 44540731)
19. Kakwani N, Wagstaff A, van Doorslaer E. 1997. Socioeconomic inequalities in health: Measurement, computation, and statistical inference. Journal of Econometrics 77: 87-103 (Pubitemid 127381047)
20. Le C, Jun D, Zhankun S, Yichun L, Jie T. 2011. Socioeconomic differences in diabetes prevalence, awareness, and treatment in rural southwest China. Tropical Medicine & International Health 16: 1070-6
21. Liu GG, Zhao Z, Cai R, Yamada T, Yamada T. 2002. Equity in health care access to: Assessing the urban health insurance reform in China. Social Science & Medicine 55: 1779-94 (Pubitemid 35287269)
22. Liu Y, Hsiao WC, Eggleston K. 1999. Equity in health and health care: The Chinese experience. Social Science & Medicine 49: 1349-56 (Pubitemid 29447282)
23. Lu JR, Leung GM, Kwon S et al. 2007. Horizontal equity in health care utilization evidence from three high-income Asian economies. Social Science & Medicine 64: 199-212 (Pubitemid 44750320)
24. Luo J, Zhang X, Jin C, Wang D. 2009. Inequality of access to health care among the urban elderly in northwestern China. Health Policy 93: 111-7
25. Moons KG, Donders RA, Stijnen T, Harrell FE Jr. 2006. Using the outcome for imputation of missing predictor values was preferred. In Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 59: 1092-101 (Pubitemid 44389818)
26. National Bureau of Statistics. 2000. China National Population Census. Beijing: National Bureau of Statistics
27. O'Donnell O, van Doorslaer E, Wagstaff A, Lindelow M. 2008a. Chapter 15: Measuring and explaining inequity in health service delivery. In Analyzing Health Equity Using Household Survey Data. Washington, DC: World Bank Institute
28. O'Donnell O, Van Doorsslaer E, Wagstaff A, Lindelöw M. 2008b. Analyzing Health Equity Using Household Survey Data: A Guide to Techniques and their Implementation. Washington, DC: World Bank Institute
29. Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A et al. 2007. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 176: 532-55 (Pubitemid 47403272)
30. Reynolds K, Gu D, Muntner P et al. 2003. Geographic variations in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in China. Journal of Hypertension 21: 1273-81
31. Samb B, Desai N, Nishtar S et al. 2010. Prevention and management of chronic disease: A litmus test for health-systems strengthening in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet 376: 1785-97
32. Schafer JL. 1999. Multiple imputation: A primer. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 8: 3-15 (Pubitemid 29222784)
33. Schooling CM, Jiang CQ, Lam TH et al. 2008. Life-course origins of social inequalities in metabolic risk in the population of a developing country. American Journal of Epidemiology 167: 419-28 (Pubitemid 351264148)
34. Sigfrid LA, Turner C, Crook D, Ray S. 2006. Using the UK primary care Quality and Outcomes Framework to audit health care equity: Preliminary data on diabetes management. Journal of Public Health 28: 221-5 (Pubitemid 44408924)
35. Thomas GN, Jiang CQ, McGhee SM et al. 2006. Association of vascular risk factors with increasing glycemia even in normoglycemic subjects in an older Chinese population: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Metabolism 55: 1035-41 (Pubitemid 44043143)
36. Tsui E, Leung G, Woo P, Choi S, Lo S-V. 2005. Under-reporting of inpatient services utilization in household surveys-A population-based study in Hong Kong. BMC Health Services Research 5: 31
37. van Doorslaer E, Koolman X. 2004. Explaining the differences in income-related health inequalities across European countries. Health Economics 13: 609-28 (Pubitemid 39136255)
38. van Doorslaer E, Koolman X, Jones AM. 2004. Explaining income-related inequalities in doctor utilization in Europe. Health Economics 13: 629-47 (Pubitemid 39136256)
39. van Doorslaer E, Masseria C. 2004. Income-related inequality in the use of medical care in 21 OECD countries. OECD. Towards High-Performing Health Systems. Paris: OECD
40. van Doorslaer E, Wagstaff A, van der Burg H et al. 2000. Equity in the delivery of health care in Europe and the US. Journal of Health Economics 19: 553-83
41. Wagstaff A, van Doorslaer E. 2000. Measuring and testing for inequity in the delivery of health care. Journal of Human Resources 35: 716-33
42. Wagstaff A, van Doorslaer E, Watanabe N. 2003. On decomposing the causes of health sector inequalities with an application to malnutrition inequalities in Vietnam. Journal of Economics 112: 207-23
43. Wagstaff A, Yip W, Lindelow M, Hsiao WC. 2009. China's health system and its reform: A review of recent studies. Health Economics 18(S2):S7-S23
44. Wang L, Kong L, Wu F, Bai Y, Burton R. 2005. Preventing chronic diseases in China. The Lancet 366: 1821-4 (Pubitemid 41642648)
45. Wang Y, Mi J, Shan XY, Wang QJ, Ge KY. 2006. Is China facing an obesity epidemic and the consequences? The trends in obesity and chronic disease in China. International Journal of Obesity 31: 177-88 (Pubitemid 46006032)
46. Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D et al. 1998. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation 97: 1837-47 (Pubitemid 28213628)
47. World Health Organization. 2005. Preventing Chronic Disease: A Vital Investment. Geneva: World Health Organization
48. World Health Organization. 2010a. Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2010. Geneva: World Health Organization
49. World Health Organization. 2010b. World Health Statistics 2010. Geneva: World Health Organization
50. Yin P, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK et al. 2007. Passive smoking exposure and risk of COPD among adults in China: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. The Lancet 370: 751-7 (Pubitemid 47320799)
51. Yip W. 2010. Disparities in health care and health status. In: King Whyte M (ed). One Country, Two Societies: Rural-Urban Inequalities in Contemporary China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
52. Yip W, Hsiao WC. 2008. The Chinese health system at a crossroads. Health Affairs 27: 460-8 (Pubitemid 351490339)
53. Yip W, Hsiao WC. 2009. Non-evidence-based policy: How effective is China's new cooperative medical scheme in reducing medical impoverishment? Social Science & Medicine 68: 201-9
54. Yip W, Mahal A. 2008. The health care systems of China and India: Performance and future challenges. Health Affairs 27: 921-32