High levels of PAH-metabolites in urine of e-waste recycling workers from Agbogbloshie, Ghana

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 466-467, Issue , 2014, Pages 369-376

  Feldt, Torsten ^a,b   Fobil, Julius N ^c   Wittsiepe, Jürgen ^d   Wilhelm, Michael ^d   Till, Holger ^e   Zoufaly, Alexander ^f   Burchard, Gerd ^a,f   Göen, Thomas ^g  

^a BERNHARD NOCHT INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL DÜSSELDORF   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GHANA   (Ghana)

^d RUHR UNIVERSITY BOCHUM   (Germany)

^e GIZ Regional Coordination Unit for HIV and TB (GiZ ReCHT)   (Ghana)

^f UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

^g UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Agbogbloshie; E waste; Ghana; Human biomonitoring; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Indexed keywords

AGBOGBLOSHIE; E-WASTE; ELECTRONIC WASTE (E WASTE); GHANA; HUMAN BIOMONITORING; METABOLITE CONCENTRATIONS; MULTIVARIATE LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS);

ANTHRACENE; BIOMOLECULES; BODY FLUIDS; HEALTH; METABOLITES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; PYRENE; RECYCLING; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; WASTES;

ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT;

1 HYDROXYPHENANTHRENE; 1 HYDROXYPYRENE; 2 HYDROXYPHENANTHRENE; 3 HYDROXYPHENANTHRENE; 4 HYDROXYPHENANTHRENE; 9 PHENANTHROL; COTININE; CREATININE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; PHENANTHRENE DERIVATIVE; POLLUTANT; PYRENE DERIVATIVE;

BIOMONITORING; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); METABOLITE; PAH; PATHOLOGY; RECYCLING; SMOKING; SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS; TOBACCO; TOXIN; URINE; WASTE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; COUGHING; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; ELECTRONIC WASTE; FEMALE; GHANA; HUMAN; MALE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; SMOKING; SOCIOECONOMICS; THORAX PAIN; URINALYSIS; VERTIGO; WASTE RECYCLING WORKER; WORKER; ADOLESCENT; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLLUTANT; RECYCLING; URINE; YOUNG ADULT;

AGBOGBLOSHIE; GHANA; GREATER ACCRA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHROMATOGRAPHY, HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ELECTRONIC WASTE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; FEMALE; GHANA; HUMANS; MALE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PHENANTHRENES; PYRENES; RECYCLING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84882752449     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: 18791026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.097     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Aamot E., Steinnes E., Schmid R. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Norwegian forest soils: impact of long range atmospheric transport. Environ Pollut 1996, 92:275-280.
2. Asante K.A., Adu-Kumi S., Nakahiro K., Takahashi S., Isobe T., Sudaryanto A., et al. Human exposure to PCBs, PBDEs and HBCDs in Ghana: temporal variation, sources of exposure and estimation of daily intakes by infants. Environ Int 2011, 37:921-928.
3. Asante K.A., Agusa T., Biney C.A., Agyekum W.A., Bello M., Otsuka M., et al. Multi-trace element levels and arsenic speciation in urine of e-waste recycling workers from Agbogbloshie, Accra in Ghana. Sci Total Environ 2012, 424:63-73.
4. Brigden K., Labunska I., Santillo D., Johnston P. Chemical contamination at e-waste recycling and disposal sites in Accra and Korforidua, Ghana. Research Laboratories Technical Note 10/2008.
5. Buchet J.P., Gennart J.P., Mercado-Calderon F., Delavignette J.P., Cupers L., Lauwerys R. Evaluation of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a coke production and a graphite electrode manufacturing plant: assessment of urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene as a biological indicator of exposure. Br J Ind Med 1992, 49:761-768.
6. CDC Fourth national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals. Atlanta, GA, USA 2009.
7. Chen A., Dietrich K.N., Huo X., Ho S.M. Developmental neurotoxicants in e-waste: an emerging health concern. Environ Health Perspect 2011, 119:431-438.
8. Cockcroft D.W., Gault M.H. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976, 16:31-41.
9. Eckert E., Schmid K., Schaller B., Hiddemann-Koca K., Drexler H., Göen T. Mercapturic acids as metabolites of alkylating substances in urine samples of German inhabitants. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2011, 214:196-204.
10. Edwards S.C., Jedrychowski W., Butscher M., Camann D., Kieltyka A., Mroz E., et al. Prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and children's intelligence at 5years of age in a prospective cohort study in Poland. Environ Health Perspect 2010, 118:1326-1331.
11. E-waste Africa Programme Where are WEee in Africa? Findings from the Basel Convention 2011, Secretariat of the Basel Convention, Châtelaine.
12. Fullerton D.G., Bruce N., Gordon S.B. Indoor air pollution from biomass fuel smoke is a major health concern in the developing world. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008, 102:843-851.
13. Gioia R., Eckhardt S., Breivik K., Jaward F.M., Prieto A., Nizzetto L., et al. Evidence for major emissions of PCBs in the west African region. Environ Sci Technol 2011, 10.1021/es1025239.
14. Göen T., Schaller K.H., Drexler H. External quality assessment of human biomonitoring in the range of environmental exposure levels. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2012, 215:229-232.
15. Gündel J., Mannschreck C., Buttner K., Ewers U., Angerer J. Urinary levels of 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene in females living in an industrial area of Germany. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1996, 31:585-590.
16. Hemat H., Wittsiepe J., Wilhelm M., Muller J., Göen T. High levels of 1-hydroxypyrene and hydroxyphenanthrenes in urine of children and adults from Afghanistan. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2012, 22:46-51.
17. Heudorf U., Angerer J. Urinary monohydroxylated phenanthrenes and hydroxypyrene-the effects of smoking habits and changes induced by smoking on monooxygenase-mediated metabolism. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2001, 74:177-183.
18. Hogarh J.N., Seike N., Kobara Y., Masunaga S. Atmospheric polychlorinated naphthalenes in Ghana. Environ Sci Technol 2012, 46:2600-2606.
19. IARC IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans 2012.
20. Johnson N.M., Afriyie-Gyawu E., Huebner H., Marroquin-Cardona A., Robinson A., Tang L., et al. PAH exposure in a Ghanaian population at high risk for aflatoxicosis. Sci Total Environ 2009, 407:1886-1891.
21. Kuusimäki L., Peltonen Y., Mutanen P., Peltonen K., Savela K. Urinary hydroxy-metabolites of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene as markers of exposure to diesel exhaust. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2004, 77:23-30.
22. Larsen K. Creatinine assay by a reaction-kinetic principle. Clin Chim Acta 1972, 41:209-217.
23. Levin J.O. First international workshop on hydroxypyrene as a biomarker for PAH exposure in man-summary and conclusions. Sci Total Environ 1995, 163:164-168.
24. Li Z., Sjodin A., Romanoff L.C., Horton K., Fitzgerald C.L., Eppler A., et al. Evaluation of exposure reduction to indoor air pollution in stove intervention projects in Peru by urinary biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites. Environ Int 2011, 37:1157-1163.
25. Lintelmann J. PAH metabolites (1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, 9-hydroxy-phenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene) in urine. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 1999, vol. 6:163-187. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. 10.1002/3527600418.bi0pahmete0006. J. Angerer, K.H. Schaller (Eds.).
26. Ma J., Horii Y., Cheng J., Wang W., Wu Q., Ohura T., et al. Chlorinated and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples from an electronic waste recycling facility and a chemical industrial complex in China. Environ Sci Technol 2009, 43:643-649.
27. Mastrangelo G., Fadda E., Marzia V. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cancer in man. Environ Health Perspect 1996, 104:1166-1170.
28. Meharg A.A., Wright J., Dyke H., Osborn D. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) dispersion and deposition to vegetation and soil following a large scale chemical fire. Environ Pollut 1998, 99:29-36.
29. Müller M. Cotinine in urine. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 2003, vol. 8:53-65. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. J. Angerer, K.H. Schaller (Eds.).
30. Perera F.P., Tang D., Rauh V., Tu Y.H., Tsai W.Y., Becker M., et al. Relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts, environmental tobacco smoke, and child development in the World Trade Center cohort. Environ Health Perspect 2007, 115:1497-1502.
31. Robinson B.H. E-waste: an assessment of global production and environmental impacts. Sci Total Environ 2009, 408:183-191.
32. Schmidt S.W. Unfair trade e-waste in Africa. Environ Health Perspect 2006, 114:232-235.
33. Tang X., Shen C., Cheema S.A., Chen L., Xiao X., Zhang C., et al. Levels and distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils in an emerging e-waste recycling town in Taizhou area, China. J Environ Sci Health Part A 2010, 45:1076-1084.
34. UNEP U.N.E.P. E-waste: the hidden side of IT equipment's manufacturing and use. Early warnings on emerging environmental threads 2005, [No. 5].
35. Viau C., Hakizimana G., Bouchard M. Indoor exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in traditional houses in Burundi. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2000, 73:331-338.
36. Viau C., Diakité A., Ruzgyté A., Tuchweber B., Blais C., Bouchard M., et al. Is 1-hydroxypyrene a reliable bioindicator of measured dietary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon under normal conditions?. J Chromatogr B 2002, 778:165-177.
37. Wang X.Y., Li Q.B., Luo Y.M., Ding Q., Xi L.M., Ma J.M., et al. Characteristics and sources of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China. Environ Monit Assess 2010, 165:295-305.
38. Wang J., Chen S., Tian M., Zheng X., Gonzales L., Ohura T., et al. Inhalation cancer risk associated with exposure to complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures in an electronic waste and urban area in South China. Environ Sci Technol 2012, 46:9745-9752.
39. Wang Y., Tian Z., Zhu H., Cheng Z., Kang M., Luo C., et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and vegetation near an e-waste recycling site in South China: concentration, distribution, source, and risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2012, 439:187-193.
40. Wilhelm M., Hardt J., Schulz C., Angerer J. Human Biomonitoring Commission of the German Federal Environment Agency. New reference value and the background exposure for the PAH metabolites 1-hydroxypyrene and 1- and 2-naphthol in urine of the general population in Germany: basis for validation of human biomonitoring data in environmental medicine. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2008, 211(3-4):447-453.
41. Wong M.H., Wu S.C., Deng W.J., Yu X.Z., Luo Q., Leung A.O.W., et al. Export of toxic chemicals - a review of the case of uncontrolled electronic waste recycling. Environ Pollut 2007, 149:131-140.
42. Yu X.Z., Gao Y., Wu S.C., Zhang H.B., Cheung K.C., Wong M.H. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils at Guiyu area of China, affected by recycling of electronic waste using primitive technologies. Chemosphere 2006, 65:1500-1509.