Strength of Elastomers

The Science and Technology of Rubber, Fourth Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 473-516

  Gent, A N ^a   Mars, W V ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AKRON   (United States)

^b Endurica LLC   (United States)

Author keywords

Compression; Crack propagation; Crosslinking; Distribution; Dynamic crack growth; Elastomer; Failure envelope; Flaw; Fracture; Mechanical fatigue; Multiaxial; Shear; Stress; Tear; Thermoplastic; Threshold; Viscoelastic

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882731433     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394584-6.00010-8     Document Type: Chapter

References (147)

1. A. Ahagon and A.N. Gent (1975) J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 13 1903.
2. A. Ahagon, A.N. Gent, H.-W. Kim and Y. Kumagai (1975) Rubber Chem. Technol. 48 896.
3. M. Aït-Bachir, W.V. Mars and E. Verron (2012) Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. 47 22.
4. E.H. Andrews (1961) J. Appl. Phys. 32 542.
5. E.H. Andrews (1963) J. Mech. Phys. Solids 11 231.
6. E.H. Andrews (1968) Fracture in Polymers. New York: American Elsevier
7. E.H. Andrews and Y. Fukahori (1977) J. Mater. Sci. 12 1307.
8. A. Andriyana, N. Saintier and E. Verron (2010) Int. J. Fatigue 32 1627.
9. S. Asare and J.J.C. Busfield (2011) Plast. Rubber Compos. Macromol. Eng. 40 194.
10. G. Ayoub, M. Naït-Abdelaziz, F. Zaïri, J.M. Gloaguen and P. Charrier (2012) Mech. Mater. 52 87.
11. T. Belytschko and T. Black (1999) Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 45 601.
12. J.P. Berry (1972) Fracture: an advanced treatise. H. Liebowitz (Eds) Fracture of Non-metals and Composites vol. 7 New York: Academic Press (Chapter 2)
13. A.K. Bhowmick, A.N. Gent and C.T.R. Pulford (1983) Rubber Chem. Technol. 56 226.
14. B.B.S.T. Boonstra (1949) India Rubber World 121 299.
15. A.M. Borders and R.D. Juve (1946) Ind. Eng. Chem. 38 1066.
16. J.M. Bowen and W.G. Knauss (1992) J. Adhesion 39 43.
17. M. Braden and A.N. Gent (1961) Kautsch. Gummi 14 WT157. Andrews, E.H., Barnard, D., Braden, M., Gent, A.N., 1963. In: Bateman L. (Ed.), The Chemistry and Physics of Rubberlike Substances, Wiley, New York, (Chapter 12).
18. B.J. Briscoe and S. Zakaria (1990) Polymer 31 440.
19. G.I. Brodskii, N.L. Sakhnovskii, M.M. Reznikovskii and V.F. Evstratov (1960) Sov. Rubber Technol. 18 22.
20. G.S. Buckley, D. Fragiadakis and C.M. Roland (2011) Rubber Chem. Technol. 84 520.
21. F. Bueche (1955) J. Appl. Phys. 26 1133.
22. F. Bueche and T.J. Dudek (1963) Rubber Chem. Technol. 36 1.
23. F. Bueche and J.C. Halpin (1964) J. Appl. Phys. 35 36.
24. J.J.C. Busfield, V. Jha, H. Liang, I.C. Papadopoulos and A.G. Thomas (2005) Plast. Rubber Compos. 34 349.
25. S.M. Cadwell, R.A. Merrill, C.M. Sloman and F.L. Yost (1940) Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 12 19.
26. I.S. Choi and C.M. Roland (1996) Rubber Chem. Technol. 69 591.
27. D. De and A.N. Gent (1996) Rubber Chem. Technol. 69 834.
28. R.A. Dickie and T.L. Smith (1969) J. Polym. Sci. A-2 7 687.
29. F.R. Eirich and T.L. Smith (1972) Fracture: an advanced treatise. H. Liebowitz (Eds) Fracture of Non-metals and Composites vol. 7 New York: Academic Press (Chapter 7)
30. R.J. Eldred (1972) J. Polym. Sci. B 10 391.
31. L.M. Epstein and R.P. Smith (1958) Trans. Soc. Rheol. 2 219.
32. Y.A. Evdokimov, S.S. Sanches and N.A. Sukhorukov (1973) Polym. Mech. 9 460.
33. C.W. Extrand and A.N. Gent (1991) Int. J. Fracture Mech. 48 281.
34. J.D. Ferry (1970) Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers. second ed. New York: Wiley
35. A.N. Gent (1972) Fracture: an advanced treatise. H. Liebowitz (Eds) Fracture of Non-metals and Composites vol. 7 New York: Academic Press (Chapter 6)
36. A.N. Gent and A.W. Henry (1968) Proceedings of International Rubber Conference, London, 1967. London: Maclaren pp. 193–204
37. A.N. Gent and M. Hindi (1990) Rubber Chem. Technol. 63 123.
38. A.N. Gent and S.-M. Lai (1994) J. Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys. 32 1543.
39. A.N. Gent and P.B. Lindley (1958) Proc. R. Soc. (London) A 249 195.
40. A.N. Gent and J.E. McGrath (1965) J. Polym. Sci. A 3 1473.
41. A.N. Gent and B. Park (1984) J. Mater. Sci. 19 1947.
42. A.N. Gent and C.T.R. Pulford (1979) J. Mater Sci. 14 1301.
43. A.N. Gent and C.T.R. Pulford (1979) E.H. Andrews (Eds) Developments in Polymer Fracture—1 London: Applied Science Publishers (Chapter 5)
44. A.N. Gent and C.T.R. Pulford (1983) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 28 943.
45. A.N. Gent and R.H. Tobias (1982) J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 20 2051.
46. A.N. Gent and D.A. Tompkins (1969) J. Polym. Sci. A- 2(7), 1483.
47. A.N. Gent and C. Wang (1991) J. Mater. Sci. 26 3392.
48. A.N. Gent and L.-Q. Zhang (2002) Rubber Chem. Technol. 75 923.
49. A.N. Gent, P.B. Lindley and A.G. Thomas (1964) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 8 455.
50. A.N. Gent, G.L. Liu and T. Sueyasu (1991) Rubber Chem. Technol. 64 96.
51. A.N. Gent, S.-M. Lai, C. Nah and C. Wang (1994) Rubber Chem. Technol. 67 610.
52. A.N. Gent, M. Razzaghi-Kashani and G.R. Hamed (2003) Rubber Chem. Technol. 76 122.
53. G.A. Gorokhovskii, P.A. Chernenko and V.A. Smirnov (1972) Sov. Mater. Sci. 8 557.
54. J. Gough and A.H. Muhr (2005) Kari Austrell (Eds) Constitutive Models for Rubber IV London: Taylor & Francis 51-57.
55. A.E. Green and W. Zerna (1954) Theoretical Elasticity, Section 3.10. London: Oxford Univ. Press
56. H.W. Greensmith (1956) J. Polym. Sci. 21 175.
57. H.W. Greensmith (1963) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 7 993.
58. H.W. Greensmith and A.G. Thomas (1955) J. Polym. Sci. 18 189.
59. H.W. Greensmith, L. Mullins and A.G. Thomas (1963) L. Bateman (Eds) The Chemistry and Physics of Rubberlike Substances New York: Wiley (Chapter 10)
60. A.A. Griffith (1921) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. (London), Ser. A 221 163.
61. Griffith, A.A., 1924. In: Proceedings of 1st International Congress on Applied Mechanics, Delft, pp. 55–63.
62. K.A. Grosch and A. Schallamach (1965) Trans. Inst. Rubber Ind. 41 80.
63. K.A. Grosch, J.A.C. Harwood and A.R. Payne (1966) Nature 212 497.
64. M.R. Gurvich (2011) Rubber Chem. Technol. 84 354.
65. J.C. Halpin (1965) Rubber Chem. Technol. 38 1007.
66. R.J. Harbour, A. Fatemi and W.V. Mars (2007) Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 30 640.
67. R.J. Harbour, A. Fatemi and W.V. Mars (2007) Rubber Chem. Technol. 80 838.
68. R.J. Harbour, A. Fatemi and W.V. Mars (2008) J. Mater. Sci. 43 1783.
69. R.J. Harbour, A. Fatemi and W.V. Mars (2008) Int. J. Fatigue 30 1231.
70. J.A.C. Harwood, A.R. Payne and R.E. Whittaker (1970) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 14 2183.
71. R. Houwink and H.H.J. Janssen (1956) Rubber Chem. Technol. 29 4.
72. B. Huneau (2011) Rubber Chem. Technol. 84 425.
73. C.E. Inglis (1913) Trans. Inst. Nav. Archit. (London) 55 219.
74. G.R. Irwin (1948) Fracturing of metals. Cleveland: Am. Soc. Met
75. G.R. Irwin (1957) J. Appl. Mech. 24 361.
76. M. Kaliske, H. Dal, R. Fleischhauer, C. Jenkel and C. Netzker (2010) Comput. Mech. 122 1.
77. R.P. Kambour (1973) J. Polym. Sci. Macromol. Rev. 7 1.
78. W.G. Knauss (1970) Int. J. Fracture Mech. 6 183.
79. W.G. Knauss (1974) H.H. Kausch, J.A. Hassell, R.I. Jaffee (Eds) Deformation and Fracture of Polymers New York: Plenum Press 501-540.
80. G.J. Lake (1970) Proceedings of International Conference on Yield Deformation Fracture Polymers, Cambridge London: Institute of Physics p. 53
81. G.J. Lake and P.B. Lindley (1964) Rubber J. Int. Plast. 146 24. 146, 30
82. G.J. Lake and P.B. Lindley (1965) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 9 1233.
83. G.J. Lake and P.B. Lindley (1966) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 10 343.
84. G.J. Lake and A.G. Thomas (1967) Proc. R. Soc. (London) A 300 108.
85. G.J. Lake and A.G. Thomas (2001) Strength. A.N. Gent (Eds) Engineering with Rubber second ed. Munich: Hanser Publishers (Chapter 5)
86. G.J. Lake and O.H. Yeoh (1978) Int. J. Fracture Mech. 14 509.
87. G.J. Lake and O.H. Yeoh (1980) Rubber Chem. Technol. 53 210.
88. G.J. Lake and O.H. Yeoh (1987) J. Polym. Sci. 25 1157.
89. Landel, R.F., Fedors, R.F. 1966. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Fracture, Sendai, vol. 2. Japan. Soc. Strength and Fracture of Materials, Tokyo, p. 1247.
90. H. Liang, Y. Fukahori, A.G. Thomas and J.J.C. Busfield (2009) Wear 266 288.
91. H. Liang, Y. Fukahori, A.G. Thomas and J.J.C. Busfield (2010) Wear 268 756.
92. P.B. Lindley (1972) J. Strain Anal. 7 132.
93. P.B. Lindley (1973) Int. J. Fracture 9 449.
94. P.B. Lindley and S.C. Teo (1979) Plast. Rubber Mater. Appl. 4 29.
95. Lindley, P.B., Thomas, A.G., 1962. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Rubber Conference, London, pp. 428–442.
96. G.H. Lindsey (1967) J. Appl. Phys. 38 4843.
97. J.E. Mark and M.-Y. Tang (1984) J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 22 1849.
98. W.V. Mars (2002) Rubber Chem. Technol. 75 1.
99. W.V. Mars (2007) Rubber Chem. Technol. 80(3), 481.
100. W.V. Mars (2009) Rubber Chem. Technol. 82 51.
101. W.V. Mars (2011) Rubber Chem. Technol. 84 178.
102. W.V. Mars and A. Fatemi (2002) Int. J. Fatigue 24(9), 949.
103. W.V. Mars and A. Fatemi (2003) Rubber Chem. Technol. 76 1241.
104. W.V. Mars and A. Fatemi (2006) Rubber Chem. Technol. 79 589.
105. W.V. Mars and A. Fatemi (2006) J Mater Sci 41 7324.
106. J. Melenk and I. Babuska (1996) Comput. Method. Appl. Mech. Eng. 39 289.
107. P.H. Mott and C.M. Roland (1999) Rubber Chem. Technol. 72 769.
108. H.K. Mueller and W.G. Knauss (1971) Trans. Soc. Rheol. 15 217.
109. R. Mueller and G.A. Maugin (2002) Comput. Mech. 29 52.
110. L. Mullins (1959) Trans. Inst. Rubber Ind. 35 213.
111. B. Näser, M. Kaliske and R. Müller (2007) Comput. Mech. 40 1005.
112. B. Näser, M. Kaliske, H. Dal and C. Netzker (2009) Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 89 677.
113. A.E. Oberth and R.S. Bruenner (1965) Trans. Soc. Rheol. 9 165.
114. E. Orowan (1949) Rep. Progr. Phys. 12 185.
115. I.C. Papadopoulos, A.G. Thomas and J.J.C. Busfield (2008) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 109 1900.
116. D.M. Parks (1977) Comput. Method. Appl. Mech. Eng. 12 353.
117. J.J.C. Remmers, R. de Borst and A. Needleman (2008) J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 56 70.
118. J.R. Rice (1968) J. Appl. Mech. 35 379.
119. R.S. Rivlin and A.G. Thomas (1953) J. Polym. Sci. 10 291.
120. Roberts, B.J., Benzies, J.B., 1977. In: Proc. Rubbercon ’77, 2, 1.
121. C.M. Roland and C.R. Smith (1985) Rubber Chem. Technol. 58 806.
122. N. Saintier, G. Cailletaud and R. Piques (2006) Int. J. Fatigue 28 61.
123. N. Saintier, G. Cailletaud and R. Piques (2006) Int. J. Fatigue 28 530.
124. K. Sakulkaew, A.G. Thomas and J.J.C. Busfield (2011) Polym. Test. 30 163.
125. A. Schallamach (1968) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 12 281.
126. C.F. Shih, B. Moran and T. Nakamura (1986) Int. J. Fract. 30 79.
127. K.N. Shivakumar, P.W. Tan and J.C. Newman (1988) Int. J. Fract. 36 R34.
128. T.L. Smith (1958) J. Polym. Sci. 32 99.
129. T.L. Smith (1963) J. Polym. Sci. A 1 3597.
130. T.L. Smith (1969) F.R. Eirich (Eds) Rheology vol. 5 New York: Academic Press (Chapter 4)
131. T.L. Smith and W.H. Chu (1972) J. Polym. Sci. A-2 10 133.
132. J.H. Song, P.M.A. Areias and T. Belytschko (2006) Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 67 868.
133. E. Southern and A.G. Thomas (1978) Plast. Rubber Mater. Appl. 3 133.
134. P. Steinmann (2000) Int. J. Solids Struct. 37 7371.
135. A. Stevenson (1983) Int. J. Fracture Mech. 23 47.
136. H. Tarkow (1958) J. Polym. Sci. 28 35.
137. A.G. Thomas (1955) J. Polym. Sci. 18 177.
138. A.G. Thomas (1958) J. Polym. Sci. 31 467.
139. A.G. Thomas (1960) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 3 168.
140. A.G. Thomas and J.M. Whittle (1970) Rubber Chem. Technol. 43 222.
141. M. Timmel, M. Kaliske and S. Kolling (2009) Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 89 698.
142. A.G. Veith (1965) Rubber Chem. Technol. 38 700.
143. E. Verron (2010) Rubber Chem. Technol. 83 270.
144. G.V. Vinogradov, V.A. Mustafaev and Y.Y. Podolsky (1965) Wear 8 358.
145. M.L. Williams and R.A. Schapery (1965) Int. J. Fracture Mech. 1 64.
146. O.H. Yeoh (2002) Mech. Mater. 34 459.
147. A. Zine, B. Noureddine and M. Naït Abdelaziz (2011) Int. J. Fatigue 33 1360.