Young and worried: Age and fear of recurrence in breast cancer survivors

Health Psychology

Volumn 32, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 695-705

  Lebel, Sophie ^a   Beattie, Sara ^a   Arés, Isabelle ^a   Bielajew, Catherine ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Age; Anxiety; Breast cancer survivors; Fear of cancer recurrence; Illness intrusiveness

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; ANXIETY; BREAST NEOPLASMS; FEAR; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; MOTHERS; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; RECURRENCE; RISK FACTORS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SURVIVORS;

EID: 84882718627     PISSN: 02786133     EISSN: 19307810     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0030186     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. American Cancer Society. (2010). Breast cancer facts & figures 2009- 2010. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society.
2. American Cancer Society. (2011). Cancer facts and figures 2011. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society.
3. Baker, F., Denniston, M., Smith, T., & West, M. M. (2005). Adult cancer survivors: How are they faring? Cancer, 104, 2565-2576. doi:10.1002/ cncr.21488
4. Baucom, D. H., Porter, L. S., Kirby, J. S., Gremore, T. M., & Keefe, F. J. (2006). Psychosocial issues confronting young women with breast cancer. Breast Disease, 23, 103-113. Retrieved from http://www.iospress .nl/journal/breast-disease/
5. Bergman, J., Gore, J. L., Saigal, C. S., Kwan, L., & Litwin, M. S. (2009). Partnership and outcomes in men with prostate cancer. Cancer, 115, 4688-4694. doi:10.1002/cncr.24544
6. Bloom, J. R., Stewart, S. L., Chang, S., & Banks, P. J. (2004). Then and now: Quality of life of young breast cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology, 13, 147-160. doi:10.1002/pon.794
7. Bloom, J. R., Stewart, S. L., Johnston, M., & Banks, P. (1998). Intrusiveness of illness and quality of life in young women with breast cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 7, 89-100. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1611(199803/ 04)7:289::AID-PON2933.0.CO;2-E
8. Canadian Cancer Society's Steering Committee on Cancer Statistics. (2011). Canadian cancer statistics 2011. Toronto, Canada: Canadian Cancer Society.
9. Cimprich, B., Ronis, D. L., & Martinez-Ramos, G. (2002). Age at diagnosis and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Cancer Practice, 10, 85-93. doi:10.1046/j.1523-5394.2002.102006.x
10. Cluze, C., Colonna, M., Remontet, L., Poncet, F., Sellier, E., Seigneurin, A., . . . Bossard, N. (2009). Analysis of the effect of age on the prognosis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 117, 121-129. doi:10.1007/s10549-008-0222-z
11. Compas, B. E., Stoll, M. F., Thomsen, A. H., Oppedisano, G., Epping- Jordan, J. E., & Krag, D. N. (1999). Adjustment to breast cancer: Age-related differences in coping and emotional distress. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 54, 195-203. doi:10.1023/A:1006164928474
12. Connell, S., Patterson, C., & Newman, B. (2006). Issues and concerns of young Australian women with breast cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer, 14, 419-426. doi:10.1007/s00520-005-0003-8
13. Costanzo, E. S., Lutgendorf, S. K., Mattes, M. L., Trehan, S., Robinson, C. B., Tewfik, F., . . . Roman, S. L. (2007). Adjusting to life after treatment: Distress and quality of life following treatment for breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 97, 1625-1631. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc .6604091
14. Dempster, M., McCorry, N. K., Brennan, E., Donnelly, M., Murray, L. J., & Johnston, B. T. (2011). Do changes in illness perceptions predict changes in psychological distress among oesophageal cancer survivors? Journal of Health Psychology, 16, 500 -509. doi:10.1177/ 1359105310386633
15. Devins, G. M. (1994). Illness intrusiveness and the psychosocial impact of lifestyle disruptions in chronic life-threatening disease. Advances in Renal Replacement Therapy, 1, 251-263. Retrieved from http://www .ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7614328
16. Devins, G. M., Bezjak, A., Mah, K., Loblaw, D. A., & Gotowiec, A. P. (2006). Context moderates illness-induced lifestyle disruptions across life domains: A test of the illness intrusiveness theoretical framework in six common cancers. Psycho-Oncology, 15, 221-233. doi:10.1002/pon .940
17. Devins, G. M., Binik, Y. M., Hutchinson, T. A., Hollomby, D. J., Barre, P. E., & Guttmann, R. D. (1983). The emotional impact of end-stage renal disease: Importance of patients' perception of intrusiveness and control. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 13, 327-343. Retrieved from http://baywood.metapress.com/link.asp?id300314. doi:10.2190/5DCP-25BV-U1G9-9G7C
18. Devins, G. M., Dion, R., Pelletier, L., Shapiro, C. M., Abbey, S., Raiz, L. R., . . . Edworthy, S. M. (2001). The structure of lifestyle disruptions in chronic disease: A confirmatory factor analysis of the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale. Medical Care, 39, 1097-1104. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/lww-medicalcare/pages/default.aspx
19. Devins, G. M., Edworthy, S. M., Guthrie, N. G., & Martin, L. (1992). Illness intrusiveness in rheumatoid arthritis: Differential impact on depressive symptoms over the adult lifespan. Journal of Rheumatology, 19, 709-715. Retrieved from http://jrheum.org/
20. Devins, G. M., Styra, R., O'Connor, P., Gray, T., Seland, T. P., Klein, G. M., & Shapiro, C. M. (1996). Psychosocial impact of illness intrusiveness moderated by age in multiple sclerosis. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 1, 179-191. doi:10.1080/13548509608400017
21. Dirier, A., Burhanedtin-Zincircioglu, S., Karadayi, B., Isikdogan, A., & Aksu, R. (2009). Characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer in younger women. Journal of Balkan Union of Oncology, 14, 619-623. Retrieved from http://www.bu-on.org/jbuon/about.php
22. Dow, K. H., Ferrell, B. R., Leigh, S., Ly, J., & Gulasekaram, P. (1996). An evaluation of the quality of life among long-term survivors of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 39, 261-273. doi: 10.1007/BF01806154
23. Edworthy, S. M., Dobkin, P. L., Clarke, A. E., Da Costa, D., Dristsa, M., Fortin, P. R., . . . Devins, G. M. (2003). Group psychotherapy reduces illness intrusiveness in systemic lupus erythematosus. Journal of Rheumatology, 30, 1011-1016. Retrieved from http://jrheum.org/
24. El Saghir, N. S., Seoud, M., Khalil, M. K., Charafeddine, M., Salem, Z. K., Geara, F. B., & Shamseddine, A. I. (2006). Effects of young age at presentation on survival in breast cancer. BMC Cancer, 6, 194. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-194
25. Fergus, K. D., McLeod, D., Carter, W., Gardner, S., Warner, E., Granek, L., & Cullen, K. (2011, May). Treatment satisfaction with an online relationship-focused intervention for young couples affected by breast cancer. Paper presented at the Canadian Association for Psychosocial Oncology Annual Conference, Toronto, ON.
26. Ganz, P. A., Desmond, K. A., Leedham, B., Rowland, J. H., Meyerowitz, B. E., & Belin, T. R. (2002). Quality of life in long-term, disease free survivors of breast cancer: A follow-up study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 94, 39-49. doi:10.1093/jnci/94.1.39
27. Gosling, S. D., Vazire, S., Srivastava, S., & John, O. P. (2004). Should we trust web-based studies? A comparative analysis of six preconceptions about internet questionnaires. American Psychologist, 59, 93-104. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.2.93
28. Harrison, J. D., Young, J. M., Price, M. A., Butow, P. N., & Solomon, M. J. (2009). What are the unmet supportive care needs of people with cancer?. A systematic review. Supportive Care in Cancer, 17, 1117-1128. doi: 10.1007/s00520-009-0615-5
29. Heiney, S. P., Bryant, L. H., Walker, S., Parrish, R. S., Provenzano, F. J., & Kelly, K. E. (1997). Impact of parental anxiety on child emotional adjustment when a parent has cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 24, 655-661.
30. Herschbach, P., Berg, P., Sabine Waadt, S., Duran, G., Engst-Hastreiter, U., Henrich, G., . . . Dinkel, A. (2010). Group psychotherapy of dysfunctional fear of progression in patients with chronic arthritis or cancer. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 79, 31-38. doi:10.1159/000254903
31. Herschbach, P., Keller, M., Knight, L., Brandl, T., Huber, B., Henrich, G., & Marten-Mittag, B. (2004). Psychological problems of cancer patients: A cancer distress screening with a cancer-specific questionnaire. British Journal of Cancer, 91, 504-511. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601986
32. Hong, Y. M., Hu, J. C., Paciorek, A. T., Knight, S. J., & Carroll, P. R. (2010). Impact of radical prostatectomy positive surgical margins on fear of cancer recurrence: Results from CaPSURE. Urologic Oncology, 28, 268-273. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2008.07.004
33. Humphris, G., & Ozakinci, G. (2008). The AFTER intervention: A structured psychological approach to reduce fears of recurrence in patients with head and neck cancer. British Journal of Health Psychology, 13, 223-230. doi:10.1348/135910708X283751
34. Humphris, G. M., Rogers, S., McNally, D., Lee-Jones, C., Brown, J., & Vaughan, D. (2003). Fear of recurrence and possible cases of anxiety and depression in orofacial cancer patients. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 32, 486-491. doi:10.1016/S0901- 5027(03)90399-1
35. Janz, N. L., Mujahid, M., Lantz, P. M., Fargerlin, A., Salem, B., Morrow, M., . . . Katz, S. J. (2005). Population-based study of the relationship of treatment and sociodemographics on quality of life for early stage breast cancer. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 14, 1467-1479. doi:10.1007/s11136-005-0288-6
36. Kirsch, S. E. D., Brandt, P. A., & Lewis, F. M. (2003). Making the most of the moment: When a child's mother has breast cancer. Cancer Nursing, 26, 47-54. doi:10.1097/00002820-200302000-00007
37. Knobf, M. T. (2006). The influence of endocrine effects of adjuvant therapy on quality of life outcomes in younger breast cancer survivors. Oncologist, 11, 96-110. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.11-2-96
38. Knobf, M. T. (2011). Clinical updated: Psychosocial responses in breast cancer survivors. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 27, e1-e14. doi: 10.1016/j.soncn.2011.05.001
39. Koch, L., Jansen, L., Brenner, H., & Arndt, V. (2012). Fear of recurrence and disease progression in long-term (5 years) cancer survivors-A systematic review of quantitative studies. Psycho-Oncology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1002/pon.3022
40. Kornblith, A. B., Powell, M., Regan, M. M., Bennett, S., Krasner, C., Moy, B., . . . Winer, E. (2007). Long-term psychological adjustment of older vs younger survivors of breast and endometrial cancer. Psycho- Oncology, 16, 895-903. doi:10.1002/pon.1146
41. Kroenke, C. H., Rosner, B., Chen, W. Y., Kawachi, I., & Colditz, G. A. (2004). Functional impact of breast cancer by age at diagnosis. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 22, 1849-1856. doi:10.1200/JCO.2004.04.173
42. Ladouceur, R., Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., Léger, E., Gagnon, F., & Thibodeau, N. (2000). Efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a controlled clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 957-964. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.68.6.957
43. Langlois, F., & Ladouceur, R. (2004). Adaptation of a GAD treatment for hypochondriasis. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 11, 393-404. doi: 10.1016/S1077-7229(04)80056-7
44. Lebel, S., Rosberger, Z., Edgar, L., & Devins, G. M. (2007). Comparison of four common stressors across the breast cancer trajectory. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 63, 225-232. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007 .02.002
45. Lebel, S., Rosberger, Z., Edgar, L., & Devins, G. M. (2009). Emotional distress impacts fear of the future among breast cancer survivors not the reverse. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 3, 117-127. doi:10.1007/ s11764-009-0082-5
46. Lee-Jones, C., Humphris, G., Dixon, R., & Hatcher, M. B. (1997). Fear of cancer recurrence: A literature review and proposed cognitive formulation to explain exacerbation of recurrence fears. Psycho-Oncology, 6, 95-105. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1611(199706)6:295::AIDPON250 3.0.CO;2-B
47. Leventhal, H., Diefenbach, M., & Leventhal, E. A. (1992). Illness cognition: Using common sense to understand treatment adherence and affect cognition interactions. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 143-163. doi:10.1007/BF01173486
48. Liu, Y., Pérez, M., Schootman, M., Aft, R. L., Gillanders, W. E., & Jeffe, D. B. (2011). Correlates of fear of cancer recurrence in women with ductal carcinoma in situ and early invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 130, 165-173. doi:10.1007/s10549-011- 1551-x
49. Llewellyn, C. D., Weinman, J., McGurk, M., & Humphris, G. (2008). Can we predict which head and neck cancer survivors develop fears of recurrence. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 65, 525-532. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.03.014
50. Maggard, M. A., O'Connell, J. B., Lane, K. E., Liu, J. H., Etzioni, D. A., & Ko, C. Y. (2003). Do young breast cancer patients have worse outcomes?. Journal of Surgical Research, 113, 109-113. doi:10.1016/ S0022-4804(03)00179-3
51. McGinty, H. L., Goldenberg, J. L., & Jacobsen, P. B. (2012). Relationship of threat appraisal with coping appraisal to fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology, 21, 203-210. doi:10.1002/ pon.1883
52. Mehnert, A., Berg, P., Henrich, G., & Herschbach, P. (2009). Fear of cancer progression and cancer-related intrusive cognitions in breast cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology, 18, 1273-1280. doi:10.1002/pon .1481
53. Melchior, H., Büscher, C., Thorenz, A., Grochocka, A., Koch, U., & Watzke, B. (2011). Self-efficacy and fear of cancer progression during the year following diagnosis of breast cancer. Psycho-Oncology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1002/pon.2054
54. Mellon, S., Northouse, L. L., & Weiss, L. K. (2006). A population-based study of the quality of life of cancer survivors and their family caregivers. Cancer Nursing, 29, 120-131. Retrieved from http://journals.lww .com/cancernursingonline/pages/default.aspx doi:10.1097/00002820- 200603000-00007
55. Mishel, M. H., Germino, B. B., Gil, K. M., Belyea, M., Laney, I. C., Stewart, J., . . . Clayton, M. (2005). Benefits from an uncertainty management intervention for African-American and Caucasian older long-term breast cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology, 14, 962-978. doi: 10.1002/pon.909
56. Mols, F., Vingerthoets, A. J., Coebergh, J. W., & van de Poll-Franse, L. V. (2005). Quality of life among long-term breast cancer survivors: A systematic review. European Journal of Cancer, 41, 2613-2619. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.05.017
57. Mosher, C. E., & Danoff-Burg, S. (2005). A review of age differences in psychological adjustment to breast cancer. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 23(2-3):101-114. doi:10.1300/J077v23n02_07
58. Northouse, L. L. (1994). Breast cancer in younger women: Effects on interpersonal and family relations. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monograph, 16, 183-190. Retrieved from http://jncimono .oxfordjournals.org/
59. Northouse, L. L., Mellon, S., Harden, J., & Schafenacker, A. (2009). Long-term effects of cancer on the family. In S. Miller, D. J. Bowen, R. T. Croyle, & J. H. Rowland (Eds.), Handbook of cancer control and behavioral science (pp. 467-485). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
60. Pereira, J. L., Koski, S., Hanson, J., Bruera, E. D., & Mackey, J. R. (2000). Internet usage among women with breast cancer: An exploratory study. Clinical Breast Cancer, 1, 148-153. doi:10.3816/CBC.2000.n.013
61. Perry, S., Kowalski, T. L., & Chang, C. H. (2007). Quality of life assessment in women with breast cancer: Benefits, acceptability and utilization. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5. doi:10.1186/1477-7525- 5-24
62. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891. doi:10.3758/ BRM.40.3.879
63. Rauch, P. K., & Muriel, A. C. (2004). The importance of parenting concerns among patients with cancer. Critical Reviews in Oncology/ Hematology, 49, 37-42. doi:10.1016/S1040-8428(03)00095-7
64. Roth, A., Nelson, C. J., Rosenfeld, B., Warshowski, A., O'Shea, N., Scher, H., . . . Breitbart, W. (2006). Assessing anxiety in men with prostate cancer: Further data on the reliability and validity of the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX-PC). Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry, 47, 340-347. doi:10.1176/appi.psy .47.4.340
65. Satterlund, M. J., McCaul, K. D., & Sandgren, A. K. (2003). Information gathering over time by breast cancer patients. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 5, e15. doi:10.2196/jmir.5.3.e15
66. Semple, C. J., & McCance, T. (2010). Parents' experience of cancer who have young children: A literature review. Cancer Nursing, 33, 110-118. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/cancernursingonline/pages/ default.aspx doi:10.1097/NCC.0b013e3181c024bb
67. Simard, S., & Savard, J. (2009). Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory: Development and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of fear of cancer recurrence. Supportive Care in Cancer, 17, 241-251. doi:10.1007/s00520-008-0444-y
68. Simard, S., Savard, J., & Ivers, H. (2010). Fear of cancer recurrence: Specific profiles and nature of intrusive thoughts. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 4, 361-371. doi:10.1007/s11764-010-0136-8
69. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, P. R., Vagg, P. R., Jacobs, A. G. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc.
70. Stanton, A. L., Danoff-Burg, S., & Huggins, M. E. (2002). The first year after breast cancer diagnosis: Hope and coping strategies as predictors of adjustment. Psycho-Oncology, 11, 93-102. doi:10.1002/pon.574
71. Taylor, T. R., Huntley, E. D., Sween, J., Makambi, K., Mellman, T. A., Williams, C. D., & Frederick, W. (2011). An exploratory analysis of fear of recurrence among African-American breast cancer survivors. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. Advance online publication. doi:10.1007/s12529-011-9183-4
72. Thewes, B., Butow, P., Bell, M. L., Beith, J., Stuart-Harris, R., Grossi, M., . . . the FCR Study Advisory Committee. (2011). Fear of cancer recurrence in young women with a history of early-stage breast cancer: A cross-sectional study of prevalence and association with health behaviours. Support Care in Cancer. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1007/s00520-011-1371-x
73. Thewes B.Butow, P Girgis, A., & Pendlebury, S. (2004). Assessment of unmet needs among survivors of breast cancer. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 22, 51-73. doi:10.1300/J077v22n01_04
74. van den Beuken-van Everdingen, M. H. J., Peters, M. L., de Rijke, J. M., Schouten, H. C., van Kleef, M., & Patijn, J. (2008). Concerns of former breast cancer patients about disease recurrence: A validation and prevalence study. Psycho-Oncology, 17, 1137-1145. doi:10.1002/pon.1340
75. Vickberg, S. M. (2003). The Concerns About Recurrence Scale (CARS): A systematic measure of women's fears about the possibility of breast cancer recurrence. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 25, 16-24. doi: 10.1207/S15324796ABM2501_03
76. Walker, B. L. (1997). Adjustment of husbands and wives to breast cancer. Cancer Practice, 5, 92-98. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley .com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291523-5394
77. Walsh, S. R., Manuel, J. C., & Avis, N. E. (2005). The impact of breast cancer on younger women's relationships with their partner and children. Families, Systems, & Health, 23, 80-93. doi:10.1037/1091-7527 .23.1.80
78. Wenzel, L. B., Fairclough, D. L., Brady, M. J., Cella, D., Garrett, K. M., Klushman, B. C., . . . Marcus, A. C. (1999). Age-related differences in quality of life of breast carcinoma patients after treatment. Cancer, 86, 1768 -1774. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19991101)86:91768:: AID-CNCR193.0.CO;2-O