메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 153, Issue 1-2, 2013, Pages 50-57

Chloroquine: Modes of action of an undervalued drug

Author keywords

Autoimmunity; Chloroquine; Malaria; Transplantation

Indexed keywords

BAFILOMYCIN A1; CATHEPSIN B; CHLOROQUINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; FLUOXETINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 6; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 1; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN; MEPACRINE; METHOTREXATE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PIPERAZINE DERIVATIVE; PLACEBO; PRIMAQUINE; PROTEIN KINASE B; PROTEIN P51; PROTEIN P53; SAQUINAVIR; SOMATOMEDIN C; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VERAPAMIL; XANTHENE DERIVATIVE;

EID: 84882703929     PISSN: 01652478     EISSN: 18790542     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.07.004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (119)

References (164)
  • 1
    • 84856408211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization, Geneva World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization World Malaria Report 2011 2011, World Health Organization, Geneva.
    • (2011) World Malaria Report 2011
  • 2
    • 79957703902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A research agenda for malaria eradication: drugs
    • malERA Consultative Group on Drugs
    • A research agenda for malaria eradication: drugs. PLoS Medicine 2011, 8:e1000402. malERA Consultative Group on Drugs.
    • (2011) PLoS Medicine , vol.8
  • 4
    • 84862889731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Know your enemy: understanding the role of PfCRT in drug resistance could lead to new antimalarial tactics
    • Summers R.L., Nash M.N., Martin R.E. Know your enemy: understanding the role of PfCRT in drug resistance could lead to new antimalarial tactics. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2012, 69:1967-1995.
    • (2012) Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences , vol.69 , pp. 1967-1995
    • Summers, R.L.1    Nash, M.N.2    Martin, R.E.3
  • 5
    • 0028859164 scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine in early rheumatoid arthritis: the HERA Study
    • A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine in early rheumatoid arthritis: the HERA Study. American Journal of Medicine 1995, 98:156-168.
    • (1995) American Journal of Medicine , vol.98 , pp. 156-168
  • 6
    • 26844525459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of clofazimine compared with chloroquine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Bezerra E.L., Vilar M.J., da Trindade Neto P.B., Sato E.L. Double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of clofazimine compared with chloroquine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2005, 52:3073-3078.
    • (2005) Arthritis and Rheumatism , vol.52 , pp. 3073-3078
    • Bezerra, E.L.1    Vilar, M.J.2    da Trindade Neto, P.B.3    Sato, E.L.4
  • 8
    • 0015496390 scopus 로고
    • Lysosomes, pH and the anti-malarial action of chloroquine
    • Homewood C.A., Warhurst D.C., Peters W., Baggaley V.C. Lysosomes, pH and the anti-malarial action of chloroquine. Nature 1972, 235:50-52.
    • (1972) Nature , vol.235 , pp. 50-52
    • Homewood, C.A.1    Warhurst, D.C.2    Peters, W.3    Baggaley, V.C.4
  • 9
    • 0030483522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by hydroxychloroquine: mechanism of action and comparison with zidovudine
    • Chiang G., Sassaroli M., Louie M., Chen H., Stecher V.J., Sperber K. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by hydroxychloroquine: mechanism of action and comparison with zidovudine. Clinical Therapeutics 1996, 18:1080-1092.
    • (1996) Clinical Therapeutics , vol.18 , pp. 1080-1092
    • Chiang, G.1    Sassaroli, M.2    Louie, M.3    Chen, H.4    Stecher, V.J.5    Sperber, K.6
  • 10
    • 0030663246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of hydroxychloroquine with zidovudine in asymptomatic patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Sperber K., Chiang G., Chen H., Ross W., Chusid E., Gonchar M., et al. Comparison of hydroxychloroquine with zidovudine in asymptomatic patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Clinical Therapeutics 1997, 19:913-923.
    • (1997) Clinical Therapeutics , vol.19 , pp. 913-923
    • Sperber, K.1    Chiang, G.2    Chen, H.3    Ross, W.4    Chusid, E.5    Gonchar, M.6
  • 11
    • 0020521731 scopus 로고
    • Ophthalmologic considerations and testing in patients receiving long-term antimalarial therapy
    • Bernstein H.N. Ophthalmologic considerations and testing in patients receiving long-term antimalarial therapy. American Journal of Medicine 1983, 75:25-34.
    • (1983) American Journal of Medicine , vol.75 , pp. 25-34
    • Bernstein, H.N.1
  • 12
  • 13
    • 0027315687 scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine: mechanism of drug action and resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Slater A.F. Chloroquine: mechanism of drug action and resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1993, 57:203-235.
    • (1993) Pharmacology & Therapeutics , vol.57 , pp. 203-235
    • Slater, A.F.1
  • 16
    • 0013842098 scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in Thailand
    • Harinasuta T., Suntharasamai P., Viravan C. Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in Thailand. Lancet 1965, 2:657-660.
    • (1965) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 657-660
    • Harinasuta, T.1    Suntharasamai, P.2    Viravan, C.3
  • 17
    • 0037020024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites conferred by pfcrt mutations
    • Sidhu A.B., Verdier-Pinard D., Fidock D.A. Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites conferred by pfcrt mutations. Science 2002, 298:210-213.
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 210-213
    • Sidhu, A.B.1    Verdier-Pinard, D.2    Fidock, D.A.3
  • 19
    • 0042808413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of chloroquine sensitivity and low prevalence of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene mutation K76T following the discontinuance of chloroquine use in Malawi
    • Mita T., Kaneko A., Lum J.K., Bwijo B., Takechi M., Zungu I.L., et al. Recovery of chloroquine sensitivity and low prevalence of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene mutation K76T following the discontinuance of chloroquine use in Malawi. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2003, 68:413-415.
    • (2003) American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , vol.68 , pp. 413-415
    • Mita, T.1    Kaneko, A.2    Lum, J.K.3    Bwijo, B.4    Takechi, M.5    Zungu, I.L.6
  • 22
    • 84867904017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the molecular marker of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance (Pfcrt) in Senegal after several years of chloroquine withdrawal
    • Ndiaye M., Faye B., Tine R., Ndiaye J.L., Lo A., Abiola A., et al. Assessment of the molecular marker of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance (Pfcrt) in Senegal after several years of chloroquine withdrawal. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2012, 87:640-645.
    • (2012) American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , vol.87 , pp. 640-645
    • Ndiaye, M.1    Faye, B.2    Tine, R.3    Ndiaye, J.L.4    Lo, A.5    Abiola, A.6
  • 23
    • 84862189817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of molecular markers of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance in Dakar, Senegal
    • Wurtz N., Fall B., Pascual A., Diawara S., Sow K., Baret E., et al. Prevalence of molecular markers of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance in Dakar, Senegal. Malaria Journal 2012, 11:197.
    • (2012) Malaria Journal , vol.11 , pp. 197
    • Wurtz, N.1    Fall, B.2    Pascual, A.3    Diawara, S.4    Sow, K.5    Baret, E.6
  • 24
    • 84872784513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study assessing the return of chloroquine susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum in isolates from travellers returning from West and Central Africa, 2000-2011
    • Gharbi M., Flegg J.A., Hubert V., Kendjo E., Metcalf J.E., Bertaux L., et al. Longitudinal study assessing the return of chloroquine susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum in isolates from travellers returning from West and Central Africa, 2000-2011. Malaria Journal 2013, 12:35.
    • (2013) Malaria Journal , vol.12 , pp. 35
    • Gharbi, M.1    Flegg, J.A.2    Hubert, V.3    Kendjo, E.4    Metcalf, J.E.5    Bertaux, L.6
  • 25
    • 67651004913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to therapies for infection by Plasmodium vivax
    • Baird J.K. Resistance to therapies for infection by Plasmodium vivax. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2009, 22:508-534.
    • (2009) Clinical Microbiology Reviews , vol.22 , pp. 508-534
    • Baird, J.K.1
  • 26
    • 0024387301 scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine
    • Rieckmann K.H., Davis D.R., Hutton D.C. Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine. Lancet 1989, 2:1183-1184.
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1183-1184
    • Rieckmann, K.H.1    Davis, D.R.2    Hutton, D.C.3
  • 27
    • 0036598263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of therapeutic response of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in a Malaria transmission free area in Colombia
    • Castillo C.M., Osorio L.E., Palma G.I. Assessment of therapeutic response of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in a Malaria transmission free area in Colombia. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 2002, 97:559-562.
    • (2002) Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , vol.97 , pp. 559-562
    • Castillo, C.M.1    Osorio, L.E.2    Palma, G.I.3
  • 32
    • 46349102897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidrug-resistant Plasmodium vivax associated with severe and fatal malaria: a prospective study in Papua, Indonesia
    • Tjitra E., Anstey N.M., Sugiarto P., Warikar N., Kenangalem E., Karyana M., et al. Multidrug-resistant Plasmodium vivax associated with severe and fatal malaria: a prospective study in Papua, Indonesia. PLoS Medicine 2008, 5:e128.
    • (2008) PLoS Medicine , vol.5
    • Tjitra, E.1    Anstey, N.M.2    Sugiarto, P.3    Warikar, N.4    Kenangalem, E.5    Karyana, M.6
  • 33
    • 0030451452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicochemical properties correlated with drug resistance and the reversal of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Bray P.G., Hawley S.R., Mungthin M., Ward S.A. Physicochemical properties correlated with drug resistance and the reversal of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Molecular Pharmacology 1996, 50:1559-1566.
    • (1996) Molecular Pharmacology , vol.50 , pp. 1559-1566
    • Bray, P.G.1    Hawley, S.R.2    Mungthin, M.3    Ward, S.A.4
  • 35
    • 0344867895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular uptake of chloroquine is dependent on binding to ferriprotoporphyrin IX and is independent of NHE activity in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Bray P.G., Janneh O., Raynes K.J., Mungthin M., Ginsburg H., Ward S.A. Cellular uptake of chloroquine is dependent on binding to ferriprotoporphyrin IX and is independent of NHE activity in Plasmodium falciparum. Journal of Cell Biology 1999, 145:363-376.
    • (1999) Journal of Cell Biology , vol.145 , pp. 363-376
    • Bray, P.G.1    Janneh, O.2    Raynes, K.J.3    Mungthin, M.4    Ginsburg, H.5    Ward, S.A.6
  • 41
    • 0022910330 scopus 로고
    • A perspective on antimalarial action: effects of weak bases on Plasmodium falciparum
    • Krogstad D.J., Schlesinger P.H. A perspective on antimalarial action: effects of weak bases on Plasmodium falciparum. Biochemical Pharmacology 1986, 35:547-552.
    • (1986) Biochemical Pharmacology , vol.35 , pp. 547-552
    • Krogstad, D.J.1    Schlesinger, P.H.2
  • 44
    • 0031037514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a chloroquine importer in Plasmodium falciparum. Differences in import kinetics are genetically linked with the chloroquine-resistant phenotype
    • Sanchez C.P., Wunsch S., Lanzer M. Identification of a chloroquine importer in Plasmodium falciparum. Differences in import kinetics are genetically linked with the chloroquine-resistant phenotype. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1997, 272:2652-2658.
    • (1997) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.272 , pp. 2652-2658
    • Sanchez, C.P.1    Wunsch, S.2    Lanzer, M.3
  • 46
    • 0023666563 scopus 로고
    • Efflux of chloroquine from Plasmodium falciparum: mechanism of chloroquine resistance
    • Krogstad D.J., Gluzman I.Y., Kyle D.E., Oduola A.M., Martin S.K., Milhous W.K., et al. Efflux of chloroquine from Plasmodium falciparum: mechanism of chloroquine resistance. Science 1987, 238:1283-1285.
    • (1987) Science , vol.238 , pp. 1283-1285
    • Krogstad, D.J.1    Gluzman, I.Y.2    Kyle, D.E.3    Oduola, A.M.4    Martin, S.K.5    Milhous, W.K.6
  • 47
    • 0033636607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the P. falciparum digestive vacuole transmembrane protein PfCRT and evidence for their role in chloroquine resistance
    • Fidock D.A., Nomura T., Talley A.K., Cooper R.A., Dzekunov S.M., Ferdig M.T., et al. Mutations in the P. falciparum digestive vacuole transmembrane protein PfCRT and evidence for their role in chloroquine resistance. Molecular Cell 2000, 6:861-871.
    • (2000) Molecular Cell , vol.6 , pp. 861-871
    • Fidock, D.A.1    Nomura, T.2    Talley, A.K.3    Cooper, R.A.4    Dzekunov, S.M.5    Ferdig, M.T.6
  • 48
    • 73549089709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trafficking of the phosphoprotein PfCRT to the digestive vacuolar membrane in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Kuhn Y., Sanchez C.P., Ayoub D., Saridaki T., van Dorsselaer A., Lanzer M. Trafficking of the phosphoprotein PfCRT to the digestive vacuolar membrane in Plasmodium falciparum. Traffic 2010, 11:236-249.
    • (2010) Traffic , vol.11 , pp. 236-249
    • Kuhn, Y.1    Sanchez, C.P.2    Ayoub, D.3    Saridaki, T.4    van Dorsselaer, A.5    Lanzer, M.6
  • 49
    • 22744447610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical role for PfCRT K76T in Plasmodium falciparum verapamil-reversible chloroquine resistance
    • Lakshmanan V., Bray P.G., Verdier-Pinard D., Johnson D.J., Horrocks P., Muhle R.A., et al. A critical role for PfCRT K76T in Plasmodium falciparum verapamil-reversible chloroquine resistance. EMBO Journal 2005, 24:2294-2305.
    • (2005) EMBO Journal , vol.24 , pp. 2294-2305
    • Lakshmanan, V.1    Bray, P.G.2    Verdier-Pinard, D.3    Johnson, D.J.4    Horrocks, P.5    Muhle, R.A.6
  • 50
    • 70349524663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine transport via the malaria parasite's chloroquine resistance transporter
    • Martin R.E., Marchetti R.V., Cowan A.I., Howitt S.M., Broer S., Kirk K. Chloroquine transport via the malaria parasite's chloroquine resistance transporter. Science 2009, 325:1680-1682.
    • (2009) Science , vol.325 , pp. 1680-1682
    • Martin, R.E.1    Marchetti, R.V.2    Cowan, A.I.3    Howitt, S.M.4    Broer, S.5    Kirk, K.6
  • 52
    • 19344377032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of the pfmdr1 gene to antimalarial drug-resistance
    • Duraisingh M.T., Cowman A.F. Contribution of the pfmdr1 gene to antimalarial drug-resistance. Acta Tropica 2005, 94:181-190.
    • (2005) Acta Tropica , vol.94 , pp. 181-190
    • Duraisingh, M.T.1    Cowman, A.F.2
  • 54
    • 0035873715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-level chloroquine resistance in Sudanese isolates of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with mutations in the chloroquine resistance transporter gene pfcrt and the multidrug resistance Gene pfmdr1
    • Babiker H.A., Pringle S.J., Abdel-Muhsin A., Mackinnon M., Hunt P., Walliker D. High-level chloroquine resistance in Sudanese isolates of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with mutations in the chloroquine resistance transporter gene pfcrt and the multidrug resistance Gene pfmdr1. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2001, 183:1535-1538.
    • (2001) Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol.183 , pp. 1535-1538
    • Babiker, H.A.1    Pringle, S.J.2    Abdel-Muhsin, A.3    Mackinnon, M.4    Hunt, P.5    Walliker, D.6
  • 55
    • 0034827271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium falciparum: linkage disequilibrium between loci in chromosomes 7 and 5 and chloroquine selective pressure in Northern Nigeria
    • Adagu I.S., Warhurst D.C. Plasmodium falciparum: linkage disequilibrium between loci in chromosomes 7 and 5 and chloroquine selective pressure in Northern Nigeria. Parasitology 2001, 123:219-224.
    • (2001) Parasitology , vol.123 , pp. 219-224
    • Adagu, I.S.1    Warhurst, D.C.2
  • 56
    • 10744231302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple transporters associated with malaria parasite responses to chloroquine and quinine
    • Mu J., Ferdig M.T., Feng X., Joy D.A., Duan J., Furuya T., et al. Multiple transporters associated with malaria parasite responses to chloroquine and quinine. Molecular Microbiology 2003, 49:977-989.
    • (2003) Molecular Microbiology , vol.49 , pp. 977-989
    • Mu, J.1    Ferdig, M.T.2    Feng, X.3    Joy, D.A.4    Duan, J.5    Furuya, T.6
  • 57
    • 0037502801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of pfcrt, pfmdr1, dhfr, and dhps mutations and drug sensitivities in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients in Vietnam before and after treatment with artemisinin
    • Ngo T., Duraisingh M., Reed M., Hipgrave D., Biggs B., Cowman A.F. Analysis of pfcrt, pfmdr1, dhfr, and dhps mutations and drug sensitivities in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients in Vietnam before and after treatment with artemisinin. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2003, 68:350-356.
    • (2003) American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , vol.68 , pp. 350-356
    • Ngo, T.1    Duraisingh, M.2    Reed, M.3    Hipgrave, D.4    Biggs, B.5    Cowman, A.F.6
  • 60
    • 0023137728 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum by verapamil
    • Martin S.K., Oduola A.M., Milhous W.K. Reversal of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum by verapamil. Science 1987, 235:899-901.
    • (1987) Science , vol.235 , pp. 899-901
    • Martin, S.K.1    Oduola, A.M.2    Milhous, W.K.3
  • 62
    • 77958458252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine resistance: proposed mechanisms and countermeasures
    • Guantai E., Chibale K. Chloroquine resistance: proposed mechanisms and countermeasures. Current Drug Delivery 2010, 7:312-323.
    • (2010) Current Drug Delivery , vol.7 , pp. 312-323
    • Guantai, E.1    Chibale, K.2
  • 65
    • 9444258557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-aminoquinoline analogs of chloroquine with shortened side chains retain activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum
    • Ridley R.G., Hofheinz W., Matile H., Jaquet C., Dorn A., Masciadri R., et al. 4-aminoquinoline analogs of chloroquine with shortened side chains retain activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1996, 40:1846-1854.
    • (1996) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy , vol.40 , pp. 1846-1854
    • Ridley, R.G.1    Hofheinz, W.2    Matile, H.3    Jaquet, C.4    Dorn, A.5    Masciadri, R.6
  • 67
    • 0036334069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on lysosomal function in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells
    • Sundelin S.P., Terman A. Different effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on lysosomal function in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells. APMIS: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, et Immunologica Scandinavica 2002, 110:481-489.
    • (2002) APMIS: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, et Immunologica Scandinavica , vol.110 , pp. 481-489
    • Sundelin, S.P.1    Terman, A.2
  • 69
    • 0027434905 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of hydroxychloroquine as an antirheumatic drug
    • Fox R.I. Mechanism of action of hydroxychloroquine as an antirheumatic drug. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 1993, 23:82-91.
    • (1993) Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism , vol.23 , pp. 82-91
    • Fox, R.I.1
  • 70
    • 85011164111 scopus 로고
    • Stability of DNA in Purkinje cell nuclei of the mouse. An autoradiographic study
    • Mares V., Schultze B., Maurer W. Stability of DNA in Purkinje cell nuclei of the mouse. An autoradiographic study. Journal of Cell Biology 1974, 63:665-674.
    • (1974) Journal of Cell Biology , vol.63 , pp. 665-674
    • Mares, V.1    Schultze, B.2    Maurer, W.3
  • 72
    • 0016255812 scopus 로고
    • Protein degradation in cultured cells. II. The uptake of chloroquine by rat fibroblasts and the inhibition of cellular protein degradation and cathepsin B1
    • Wibo M., Poole B. Protein degradation in cultured cells. II. The uptake of chloroquine by rat fibroblasts and the inhibition of cellular protein degradation and cathepsin B1. Journal of Cell Biology 1974, 63:430-440.
    • (1974) Journal of Cell Biology , vol.63 , pp. 430-440
    • Wibo, M.1    Poole, B.2
  • 73
    • 84876513000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine binding reveals flavin redox switch function of quinone reductase 2
    • Leung K.K., Shilton B.H. Chloroquine binding reveals flavin redox switch function of quinone reductase 2. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2013, 288:11242-11251.
    • (2013) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.288 , pp. 11242-11251
    • Leung, K.K.1    Shilton, B.H.2
  • 74
    • 34347225583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 protect tumor suppressor p53 against 20s proteasomal degradation leading to stabilization and activation of p53
    • Gong X., Kole L., Iskander K., Jaiswal A.K. NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 protect tumor suppressor p53 against 20s proteasomal degradation leading to stabilization and activation of p53. Cancer Research 2007, 67:5380-5388.
    • (2007) Cancer Research , vol.67 , pp. 5380-5388
    • Gong, X.1    Kole, L.2    Iskander, K.3    Jaiswal, A.K.4
  • 75
    • 4444265496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetic mechanism of quinone oxidoreductase 2 and its inhibition by the antimalarial quinolines
    • Kwiek J.J., Haystead T.A., Rudolph J. Kinetic mechanism of quinone oxidoreductase 2 and its inhibition by the antimalarial quinolines. Biochemistry 2004, 43:4538-4547.
    • (2004) Biochemistry , vol.43 , pp. 4538-4547
    • Kwiek, J.J.1    Haystead, T.A.2    Rudolph, J.3
  • 76
    • 0037195924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of dihydronicotinamide riboside:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) leads to myeloid hyperplasia of bone marrow and decreased sensitivity to menadione toxicity
    • Long D.J., Iskander K., Gaikwad A., Arin M., Roop D.R., Knox R., et al. Disruption of dihydronicotinamide riboside:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) leads to myeloid hyperplasia of bone marrow and decreased sensitivity to menadione toxicity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002, 277:46131-46139.
    • (2002) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.277 , pp. 46131-46139
    • Long, D.J.1    Iskander, K.2    Gaikwad, A.3    Arin, M.4    Roop, D.R.5    Knox, R.6
  • 77
    • 35448986078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficiency of NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 differentially regulates TNF signaling in keratinocytes: up-regulation of apoptosis correlates with down-regulation of cell survival kinases
    • Ahn K.S., Gong X., Sethi G., Chaturvedi M.M., Jaiswal A.K., Aggarwal B.B. Deficiency of NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 differentially regulates TNF signaling in keratinocytes: up-regulation of apoptosis correlates with down-regulation of cell survival kinases. Cancer Research 2007, 67:10004-10011.
    • (2007) Cancer Research , vol.67 , pp. 10004-10011
    • Ahn, K.S.1    Gong, X.2    Sethi, G.3    Chaturvedi, M.M.4    Jaiswal, A.K.5    Aggarwal, B.B.6
  • 85
    • 57649166494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eating the enemy within: autophagy in infectious diseases
    • Orvedahl A., Levine B. Eating the enemy within: autophagy in infectious diseases. Cell Death and Differentiation 2009, 16:57-69.
    • (2009) Cell Death and Differentiation , vol.16 , pp. 57-69
    • Orvedahl, A.1    Levine, B.2
  • 86
    • 71249103401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eradication of intracellular Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with a small-molecule, host cell-directed agent
    • Chiu H.C., Kulp S.K., Soni S., Wang D., Gunn J.S., Schlesinger L.S., et al. Eradication of intracellular Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with a small-molecule, host cell-directed agent. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2009, 53:5236-5244.
    • (2009) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy , vol.53 , pp. 5236-5244
    • Chiu, H.C.1    Kulp, S.K.2    Soni, S.3    Wang, D.4    Gunn, J.S.5    Schlesinger, L.S.6
  • 90
    • 35648950010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New concepts in antimalarial use and mode of action in dermatology
    • Kalia S., Dutz J.P. New concepts in antimalarial use and mode of action in dermatology. Dermatology and Therapy 2007, 20:160-174.
    • (2007) Dermatology and Therapy , vol.20 , pp. 160-174
    • Kalia, S.1    Dutz, J.P.2
  • 91
    • 0031936182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of immunostimulatory CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides by quinacrine, chloroquine, and structurally related compounds
    • Macfarlane D.E., Manzel L. Antagonism of immunostimulatory CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides by quinacrine, chloroquine, and structurally related compounds. Journal of Immunology 1998, 160:1122-1131.
    • (1998) Journal of Immunology , vol.160 , pp. 1122-1131
    • Macfarlane, D.E.1    Manzel, L.2
  • 92
    • 0031569968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine inhibits processing of tumor necrosis factor in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages
    • Jeong J.Y., Jue D.M. Chloroquine inhibits processing of tumor necrosis factor in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Journal of Immunology 1997, 158:4901-4907.
    • (1997) Journal of Immunology , vol.158 , pp. 4901-4907
    • Jeong, J.Y.1    Jue, D.M.2
  • 93
    • 0032033594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimalarial drugs inhibit phospholipase A2 activation and induction of interleukin 1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in macrophages: implications for their mode of action in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Bondeson J., Sundler R. Antimalarial drugs inhibit phospholipase A2 activation and induction of interleukin 1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in macrophages: implications for their mode of action in rheumatoid arthritis. General Pharmacology 1998, 30:357-366.
    • (1998) General Pharmacology , vol.30 , pp. 357-366
    • Bondeson, J.1    Sundler, R.2
  • 94
    • 0031038229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine equally affect tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6, and interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    • van den Borne B.E., Dijkmans B.A., de Rooij H.H., le Cessie S., Verweij C.L. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine equally affect tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6, and interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Journal of Rheumatology 1997, 24:55-60.
    • (1997) Journal of Rheumatology , vol.24 , pp. 55-60
    • van den Borne, B.E.1    Dijkmans, B.A.2    de Rooij, H.H.3    le Cessie, S.4    Verweij, C.L.5
  • 95
    • 0036162115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine decreases cell-surface expression of tumour necrosis factor receptors in human histiocytic U-937 cells
    • Jeong J.Y., Choi J.W., Jeon K.I., Jue D.M. Chloroquine decreases cell-surface expression of tumour necrosis factor receptors in human histiocytic U-937 cells. Immunology 2002, 105:83-91.
    • (2002) Immunology , vol.105 , pp. 83-91
    • Jeong, J.Y.1    Choi, J.W.2    Jeon, K.I.3    Jue, D.M.4
  • 96
    • 0344089298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in function of iron-loaded alveolar macrophages after in vivo administration of desferrioxamine and/or chloroquine
    • Legssyer R., Josse C., Piette J., Ward R.J., Crichton R.R. Changes in function of iron-loaded alveolar macrophages after in vivo administration of desferrioxamine and/or chloroquine. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 2003, 94:36-42.
    • (2003) Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry , vol.94 , pp. 36-42
    • Legssyer, R.1    Josse, C.2    Piette, J.3    Ward, R.J.4    Crichton, R.R.5
  • 97
    • 0027517280 scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine-induced inhibition of the production of TNF, but not of IL-6, is affected by disruption of iron metabolism
    • Picot S., Peyron F., Donadille A., Vuillez J.P., Barbe G., Ambroise-Thomas P. Chloroquine-induced inhibition of the production of TNF, but not of IL-6, is affected by disruption of iron metabolism. Immunology 1993, 80:127-133.
    • (1993) Immunology , vol.80 , pp. 127-133
    • Picot, S.1    Peyron, F.2    Donadille, A.3    Vuillez, J.P.4    Barbe, G.5    Ambroise-Thomas, P.6
  • 98
    • 0034254555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine interferes with lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha gene expression by a nonlysosomotropic mechanism
    • Weber S.M., Levitz S.M. Chloroquine interferes with lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha gene expression by a nonlysosomotropic mechanism. Journal of Immunology 2000, 165:1534-1540.
    • (2000) Journal of Immunology , vol.165 , pp. 1534-1540
    • Weber, S.M.1    Levitz, S.M.2
  • 99
    • 0034210661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxychloroquine inhibits calcium signals in T cells: a new mechanism to explain its immunomodulatory properties
    • Goldman F.D., Gilman A.L., Hollenback C., Kato R.M., Premack B.A., Rawlings D.J. Hydroxychloroquine inhibits calcium signals in T cells: a new mechanism to explain its immunomodulatory properties. Blood 2000, 95:3460-3466.
    • (2000) Blood , vol.95 , pp. 3460-3466
    • Goldman, F.D.1    Gilman, A.L.2    Hollenback, C.3    Kato, R.M.4    Premack, B.A.5    Rawlings, D.J.6
  • 100
    • 0027155777 scopus 로고
    • Selective regulation of cytokine secretion by hydroxychloroquine: inhibition of interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1-alpha) and IL-6 in human monocytes and T cells
    • Sperber K. Selective regulation of cytokine secretion by hydroxychloroquine: inhibition of interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1-alpha) and IL-6 in human monocytes and T cells. Journal of Rheumatology 1993, 20:803-808.
    • (1993) Journal of Rheumatology , vol.20 , pp. 803-808
    • Sperber, K.1
  • 101
    • 0031957747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine inhibits proinflammatory cytokine release into human whole blood
    • Karres I. Chloroquine inhibits proinflammatory cytokine release into human whole blood. American Journal of Physiology 1998, 274:R1058-R1064.
    • (1998) American Journal of Physiology , vol.274
    • Karres, I.1
  • 102
    • 0026518316 scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine attenuates hemorrhagic shock-induced immunosuppression and decreases susceptibility to sepsis
    • [discussion 75-76]
    • Ertel W., Morrison M.H., Ayala A., Chaudry I.H. Chloroquine attenuates hemorrhagic shock-induced immunosuppression and decreases susceptibility to sepsis. Archives of Surgery 1992, 127:70-75. [discussion 75-76].
    • (1992) Archives of Surgery , vol.127 , pp. 70-75
    • Ertel, W.1    Morrison, M.H.2    Ayala, A.3    Chaudry, I.H.4
  • 103
    • 84855819195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt and p53 are potential mediators of reduced mammary tumor growth by Chloroquine and the mTOR inhibitor RAD001
    • Loehberg C.R., Strissel P.L., Dittrich R., Strick R., Dittmer J., Dittmer A., et al. Akt and p53 are potential mediators of reduced mammary tumor growth by Chloroquine and the mTOR inhibitor RAD001. Biochemical Pharmacology 2012, 83:480-488.
    • (2012) Biochemical Pharmacology , vol.83 , pp. 480-488
    • Loehberg, C.R.1    Strissel, P.L.2    Dittrich, R.3    Strick, R.4    Dittmer, J.5    Dittmer, A.6
  • 104
    • 0027476011 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by hydroxychloroquine in T cells and monocytes
    • Sperber K., Kalb T.H., Stecher V.J., Banerjee R., Mayer L. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by hydroxychloroquine in T cells and monocytes. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 1993, 9:91-98.
    • (1993) AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses , vol.9 , pp. 91-98
    • Sperber, K.1    Kalb, T.H.2    Stecher, V.J.3    Banerjee, R.4    Mayer, L.5
  • 107
    • 33745328312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro inhibition of human influenza A virus replication by chloroquine
    • Ooi E.E., Chew J.S., Loh J.P., Chua R.C. In vitro inhibition of human influenza A virus replication by chloroquine. Virology Journal 2006, 3:39.
    • (2006) Virology Journal , vol.3 , pp. 39
    • Ooi, E.E.1    Chew, J.S.2    Loh, J.P.3    Chua, R.C.4
  • 108
    • 34249724532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different pH requirements are associated with divergent inhibitory effects of chloroquine on human and avian influenza A viruses
    • Di Trani L., Savarino A., Campitelli L., Norelli S., Puzelli S., D'Ostilio D., et al. Different pH requirements are associated with divergent inhibitory effects of chloroquine on human and avian influenza A viruses. Virology Journal 2007, 4:39.
    • (2007) Virology Journal , vol.4 , pp. 39
    • Di Trani, L.1    Savarino, A.2    Campitelli, L.3    Norelli, S.4    Puzelli, S.5    D'Ostilio, D.6
  • 109
    • 38349094265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of endosome-lysosome system acidification enhances porcine circovirus 2 infection of porcine epithelial cells
    • Misinzo G., Delputte P.L., Nauwynck H.J. Inhibition of endosome-lysosome system acidification enhances porcine circovirus 2 infection of porcine epithelial cells. Journal of Virology 2008, 82:1128-1135.
    • (2008) Journal of Virology , vol.82 , pp. 1128-1135
    • Misinzo, G.1    Delputte, P.L.2    Nauwynck, H.J.3
  • 110
    • 33845204239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A historical sketch of the discovery and development of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors
    • Savarino A. A historical sketch of the discovery and development of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 2006, 15:1507-1522.
    • (2006) Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs , vol.15 , pp. 1507-1522
    • Savarino, A.1
  • 111
    • 0029121276 scopus 로고
    • Hydroxychloroquine treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Sperber K., Louie M., Kraus T., Proner J., Sapira E., Lin S., et al. Hydroxychloroquine treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Clinical Therapeutics 1995, 17:622-636.
    • (1995) Clinical Therapeutics , vol.17 , pp. 622-636
    • Sperber, K.1    Louie, M.2    Kraus, T.3    Proner, J.4    Sapira, E.5    Lin, S.6
  • 113
    • 80053203528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxychloroquine drastically reduces immune activation in HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy-treated immunologic nonresponders
    • Piconi S., Parisotto S., Rizzardini G., Passerini S., Terzi R., Argenteri B., et al. Hydroxychloroquine drastically reduces immune activation in HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy-treated immunologic nonresponders. Blood 2011, 118:3263-3272.
    • (2011) Blood , vol.118 , pp. 3263-3272
    • Piconi, S.1    Parisotto, S.2    Rizzardini, G.3    Passerini, S.4    Terzi, R.5    Argenteri, B.6
  • 114
    • 0035883082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depletion of circulating natural type 1 interferon-producing cells in HIV-infected AIDS patients
    • Soumelis V., Scott I., Gheyas F., Bouhour D., Cozon G., Cotte L., et al. Depletion of circulating natural type 1 interferon-producing cells in HIV-infected AIDS patients. Blood 2001, 98:906-912.
    • (2001) Blood , vol.98 , pp. 906-912
    • Soumelis, V.1    Scott, I.2    Gheyas, F.3    Bouhour, D.4    Cozon, G.5    Cotte, L.6
  • 117
    • 0036827862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of endosomal/lysosomal degradation increases the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus
    • Fredericksen B.L., Wei B.L., Yao J., Luo T., Garcia J.V. Inhibition of endosomal/lysosomal degradation increases the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus. Journal of Virology 2002, 76:11440-11446.
    • (2002) Journal of Virology , vol.76 , pp. 11440-11446
    • Fredericksen, B.L.1    Wei, B.L.2    Yao, J.3    Luo, T.4    Garcia, J.V.5
  • 118
    • 0033674991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian Consensus Conference on hydroxychloroquine
    • Canadian Rheumatology Association
    • Canadian Rheumatology Association Canadian Consensus Conference on hydroxychloroquine. Journal of Rheumatology 2000, 27:2919-2921.
    • (2000) Journal of Rheumatology , vol.27 , pp. 2919-2921
  • 121
    • 0024518559 scopus 로고
    • Antinuclear antibodies: diagnostic markers for autoimmune diseases and probes for cell biology
    • Tan E.M. Antinuclear antibodies: diagnostic markers for autoimmune diseases and probes for cell biology. Advances in Immunology 1989, 44:93-151.
    • (1989) Advances in Immunology , vol.44 , pp. 93-151
    • Tan, E.M.1
  • 122
    • 0028288510 scopus 로고
    • Autoantigens targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus are clustered in two populations of surface structures on apoptotic keratinocytes
    • Casciola-Rosen L.A., Anhalt G., Rosen A. Autoantigens targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus are clustered in two populations of surface structures on apoptotic keratinocytes. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1994, 179:1317-1330.
    • (1994) Journal of Experimental Medicine , vol.179 , pp. 1317-1330
    • Casciola-Rosen, L.A.1    Anhalt, G.2    Rosen, A.3
  • 123
    • 0026074414 scopus 로고
    • A randomized study of the effect of withdrawing hydroxychloroquine sulfate in systemic lupus erythematosus. The Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group
    • A randomized study of the effect of withdrawing hydroxychloroquine sulfate in systemic lupus erythematosus. The Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group. N Engl J Med 1991, 324:150-154.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 150-154
  • 124
    • 18644363912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups: XVI. Association of hydroxychloroquine use with reduced risk of damage accrual
    • Fessler B.J. Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups: XVI. Association of hydroxychloroquine use with reduced risk of damage accrual. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2005, 52:1473-1480.
    • (2005) Arthritis and Rheumatism , vol.52 , pp. 1473-1480
    • Fessler, B.J.1
  • 125
    • 34548190213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hydroxychloroquine on the survival of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: data from LUMINA, a multiethnic US cohort (LUMINAL)
    • Alarcon G.S. Effect of hydroxychloroquine on the survival of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: data from LUMINA, a multiethnic US cohort (LUMINAL). Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2007, 66:1168-1172.
    • (2007) Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases , vol.66 , pp. 1168-1172
    • Alarcon, G.S.1
  • 126
    • 33750499270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of antimalarials on thrombosis and survival in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Ruiz-Irastorza G. Effect of antimalarials on thrombosis and survival in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2006, 15:577-583.
    • (2006) Lupus , vol.15 , pp. 577-583
    • Ruiz-Irastorza, G.1
  • 127
    • 0033816670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of antimalarial agents on the fasting lipid profile in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Tam L.S., Gladman D.D., Hallett D.C., Rahman P., Urowitz M.B. Effect of antimalarial agents on the fasting lipid profile in systemic lupus erythematosus. Journal of Rheumatology 2000, 27:2142-2145.
    • (2000) Journal of Rheumatology , vol.27 , pp. 2142-2145
    • Tam, L.S.1    Gladman, D.D.2    Hallett, D.C.3    Rahman, P.4    Urowitz, M.B.5
  • 128
    • 0034990187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in lupus pregnancy: double-blind and placebo-controlled study
    • Levy R.A. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in lupus pregnancy: double-blind and placebo-controlled study. Lupus 2001, 10:401-404.
    • (2001) Lupus , vol.10 , pp. 401-404
    • Levy, R.A.1
  • 129
    • 66449096511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic administration of chloroquine in discoid lupus erythematosus reduces skin lesions via inhibition of angiogenesis
    • Lesiak A., Narbutt J., Kobos J., Kordek R., Sysa-Jedrzejowska A., Norval M., et al. Systematic administration of chloroquine in discoid lupus erythematosus reduces skin lesions via inhibition of angiogenesis. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 2009, 34:570-575.
    • (2009) Clinical and Experimental Dermatology , vol.34 , pp. 570-575
    • Lesiak, A.1    Narbutt, J.2    Kobos, J.3    Kordek, R.4    Sysa-Jedrzejowska, A.5    Norval, M.6
  • 131
    • 84861101677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxychloroquine administration for Japanese lupus erythematosus in Wakayama: a pilot study
    • Ikeda T., Kanazawa N., Furukawa F. Hydroxychloroquine administration for Japanese lupus erythematosus in Wakayama: a pilot study. Journal of Dermatology 2012, 39:531-535.
    • (2012) Journal of Dermatology , vol.39 , pp. 531-535
    • Ikeda, T.1    Kanazawa, N.2    Furukawa, F.3
  • 133
    • 84874116637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience with the use of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of lupus erythematosus
    • Momose Y., Arai S., Eto H., Kishimoto M., Okada M. Experience with the use of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of lupus erythematosus. Journal of Dermatology 2013, 40:94-97.
    • (2013) Journal of Dermatology , vol.40 , pp. 94-97
    • Momose, Y.1    Arai, S.2    Eto, H.3    Kishimoto, M.4    Okada, M.5
  • 134
  • 136
    • 80051669014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview on the genetic of rheumatoid arthritis: a never-ending story
    • Perricone C., Ceccarelli F., Valesini G. An overview on the genetic of rheumatoid arthritis: a never-ending story. Autoimmunity Reviews 2011, 10:599-608.
    • (2011) Autoimmunity Reviews , vol.10 , pp. 599-608
    • Perricone, C.1    Ceccarelli, F.2    Valesini, G.3
  • 137
    • 22144457627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bone destruction and osteoimmunology
    • Takayanagi H. Inflammatory bone destruction and osteoimmunology. Journal of Periodontal Research 2005, 40:287-293.
    • (2005) Journal of Periodontal Research , vol.40 , pp. 287-293
    • Takayanagi, H.1
  • 142
    • 0025084541 scopus 로고
    • The comparative efficacy and toxicity of second-line drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Results of two metaanalyses
    • Felson D.T., Anderson J.J., Meenan R.F. The comparative efficacy and toxicity of second-line drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Results of two metaanalyses. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1990, 33:1449-1461.
    • (1990) Arthritis and Rheumatism , vol.33 , pp. 1449-1461
    • Felson, D.T.1    Anderson, J.J.2    Meenan, R.F.3
  • 143
    • 0024549810 scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with gold and hydroxychloroquine in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Scott D.L., Dawes P.T., Tunn E., Fowler P.D., Shadforth M.F., Fisher J., et al. Combination therapy with gold and hydroxychloroquine in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. British Journal of Rheumatology 1989, 28:128-133.
    • (1989) British Journal of Rheumatology , vol.28 , pp. 128-133
    • Scott, D.L.1    Dawes, P.T.2    Tunn, E.3    Fowler, P.D.4    Shadforth, M.F.5    Fisher, J.6
  • 144
    • 0019987456 scopus 로고
    • Intractable rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment with combined cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and hydroxychloroquine
    • McCarty D.J., Carrera G.F. Intractable rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment with combined cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and hydroxychloroquine. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 1982, 248:1718-1723.
    • (1982) JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.248 , pp. 1718-1723
    • McCarty, D.J.1    Carrera, G.F.2
  • 145
    • 0021328911 scopus 로고
    • Controlled trial of hydroxychloroquine and D-penicillamine singly and in combination in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Bunch T.W., O'Duffy J.D., Tompkins R.B., O'Fallon W.M. Controlled trial of hydroxychloroquine and D-penicillamine singly and in combination in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1984, 27:267-276.
    • (1984) Arthritis and Rheumatism , vol.27 , pp. 267-276
    • Bunch, T.W.1    O'Duffy, J.D.2    Tompkins, R.B.3    O'Fallon, W.M.4
  • 147
    • 84879149112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine treatment enhances regulatory T cells and reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Thome R., Moraes A.S., Bombeiro A.L., Farias A.D., Francelin C., da Costa T.A., et al. Chloroquine treatment enhances regulatory T cells and reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. PLoS ONE 2013, 8:e65913.
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8
    • Thome, R.1    Moraes, A.S.2    Bombeiro, A.L.3    Farias, A.D.4    Francelin, C.5    da Costa, T.A.6
  • 148
    • 0031054565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lysosomotropic amines, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: a potentially novel therapy for graft-versus-host disease
    • Schultz K.R., Gilman A.L. The lysosomotropic amines, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: a potentially novel therapy for graft-versus-host disease. Leukemia & Lymphoma 1997, 24:201-210.
    • (1997) Leukemia & Lymphoma , vol.24 , pp. 201-210
    • Schultz, K.R.1    Gilman, A.L.2
  • 149
    • 0036947910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine prevention of murine MHC-disparate acute graft-versus-host disease correlates with inhibition of splenic response to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and alterations in T-cell cytokine production
    • Schultz K.R., Su W.N., Hsiao C.C., Doho G., Jevon G., Bader S., et al. Chloroquine prevention of murine MHC-disparate acute graft-versus-host disease correlates with inhibition of splenic response to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and alterations in T-cell cytokine production. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2002, 8:648-655.
    • (2002) Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation , vol.8 , pp. 648-655
    • Schultz, K.R.1    Su, W.N.2    Hsiao, C.C.3    Doho, G.4    Jevon, G.5    Bader, S.6
  • 150
    • 0030037745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of hydroxychloroquine on alloreactivity and its potential use for graft-versus-host disease
    • Gilman A.L., Beams F., Tefft M., Mazumder A. The effect of hydroxychloroquine on alloreactivity and its potential use for graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1996, 17:1069-1075.
    • (1996) Bone Marrow Transplantation , vol.17 , pp. 1069-1075
    • Gilman, A.L.1    Beams, F.2    Tefft, M.3    Mazumder, A.4
  • 152
    • 0028858131 scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine treatment affects T-cell priming to minor histocompatibility antigens and graft-versus-host disease
    • Schultz K.R., Bader S., Paquet J., Li W. Chloroquine treatment affects T-cell priming to minor histocompatibility antigens and graft-versus-host disease. Blood 1995, 86:4344-4352.
    • (1995) Blood , vol.86 , pp. 4344-4352
    • Schultz, K.R.1    Bader, S.2    Paquet, J.3    Li, W.4
  • 153
    • 49749225376 scopus 로고
    • Retinopathy following chloroquine therapy
    • Hobbs H.E., Sorsby A., Freedman A. Retinopathy following chloroquine therapy. Lancet 1959, 2:478-480.
    • (1959) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 478-480
    • Hobbs, H.E.1    Sorsby, A.2    Freedman, A.3
  • 155
    • 0030954774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in 1,207 patients in a large multicenter outpatient practice
    • Levy G.D. Incidence of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in 1,207 patients in a large multicenter outpatient practice. Arthritis and Rheumatism 1997, 40:1482-1486.
    • (1997) Arthritis and Rheumatism , vol.40 , pp. 1482-1486
    • Levy, G.D.1
  • 156
    • 79551548116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revised recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy
    • Marmor M.F., Kellner U., Lai T.Y., Lyons J.S., Meiler W.F. Revised recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Ophthalmology 2011, 118:415-422.
    • (2011) Ophthalmology , vol.118 , pp. 415-422
    • Marmor, M.F.1    Kellner, U.2    Lai, T.Y.3    Lyons, J.S.4    Meiler, W.F.5
  • 157
    • 0036288931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology
    • Marmor M.F., Carr R.E., Easterbrook M., Farjo A.A., Mieler W.F. Recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 2002, 109:1377-1382.
    • (2002) Ophthalmology , vol.109 , pp. 1377-1382
    • Marmor, M.F.1    Carr, R.E.2    Easterbrook, M.3    Farjo, A.A.4    Mieler, W.F.5
  • 158
    • 0022072149 scopus 로고
    • Localized scleroderma evolving into systemic sclerosis
    • Rossi P., Fossaluzza V., Gonano L. Localized scleroderma evolving into systemic sclerosis. Journal of Rheumatology 1985, 12:629-630.
    • (1985) Journal of Rheumatology , vol.12 , pp. 629-630
    • Rossi, P.1    Fossaluzza, V.2    Gonano, L.3
  • 160
    • 0026621757 scopus 로고
    • Continuation of long term treatment with hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis
    • Morand E.F., McCloud P.I., Littlejohn G.O. Continuation of long term treatment with hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1992, 51:1318-1321.
    • (1992) Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases , vol.51 , pp. 1318-1321
    • Morand, E.F.1    McCloud, P.I.2    Littlejohn, G.O.3
  • 161
    • 0030941615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxychloroquine and visual screening in a rheumatology outpatient clinic
    • Grierson D.J. Hydroxychloroquine and visual screening in a rheumatology outpatient clinic. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1997, 56:188-190.
    • (1997) Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases , vol.56 , pp. 188-190
    • Grierson, D.J.1
  • 162
    • 0038154372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of irreversible retinal toxicity in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: a reappraisal
    • Mavrikakis I. The incidence of irreversible retinal toxicity in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: a reappraisal. Ophthalmology 2003, 110:1321-1326.
    • (2003) Ophthalmology , vol.110 , pp. 1321-1326
    • Mavrikakis, I.1
  • 163
    • 80052875313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine treatment of ARPE-19 cells leads to lysosome dilation and intracellular lipid accumulation: possible implications of lysosomal dysfunction in macular degeneration
    • Chen P.M., Gombart Z.J., Chen J.W. Chloroquine treatment of ARPE-19 cells leads to lysosome dilation and intracellular lipid accumulation: possible implications of lysosomal dysfunction in macular degeneration. Cell & Bioscience 2011, 1:10.
    • (2011) Cell & Bioscience , vol.1 , pp. 10
    • Chen, P.M.1    Gombart, Z.J.2    Chen, J.W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.