Triennial lactation symposium: Mammary metabolism of amino acids in dairy cows

Journal of Animal Science

Volumn 90, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 1708-1721

  Lapierre, H ^a   Lobley, G E ^b   Doepel, L ^c   Raggio, G ^a   Rulquin, H ^d   Lemosquet, S ^d  

^a SHERBROOKE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE   (Canada)

^b ROWETT RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^d CEMAGREF   (France)

Author keywords

Amino acid; Dairy cow; Mammary; Protein

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CATTLE; FEMALE; META ANALYSIS; METABOLISM; UDDER;

AMINO ACIDS; ANIMALS; CATTLE; FEMALE; MAMMARY GLANDS, ANIMAL;

EID: 84882697538     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: 15253163     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4645     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Backwell, F. R. C., B. J. Bequette, D. Wilson, A. G. Calder, J. A. Metcalf, D. Wray-Cahen, J. C. MacRae, D. E. Beever, and G. E. Lobley. 1994. Utilization of dipeptides by the caprine mammary gland for milk protein synthesis. Am. J. Physiol. (Reg. Int. Comp. Physiol. 36) 267:R1-R6.
2. Backwell, F. R. C., B. J. Bequette, D. Wilson, J. A. Metcalf, M. F. Franklin, D. E. Beever, G. E. Lobley, and J. C. MacRae. 1996. Evidence for the utilization of peptides for milk protein synthesis in the lactating dairy goat in vivo. Am. J. Physiol. (Reg. Int. Comp. Physiol. 40) 271:R955-R960.
3. 13C-labeled amino acid tracer in lactating dairy goats for simultaneous measurements of the flux of amino acids in plasma and the partition of amino acids to the mammary gland. J. Dairy Sci. 80:2842-2853.
4. Bequette, B. J., F. R. C. Backwell, and L. A. Crompton. 1998. Current concepts of amino acid and protein metabolism in the mammary gland of the lactating ruminant. J. Dairy Sci. 81:2540-2559.
5. Bequette, B. J., F. R. C. Backwell, C. E. Kyle, A. G. Calder, V. Buchan, L. A. Crompton, J. France, and J. C. Macrae. 1999. Vascular sources of phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine, and methionine for casein synthesis in lactating goats. J. Dairy Sci. 82:362-377.
6. Bequette, B. J., F. R. C. Backwell, J. C. MacRae, G. E. Lobley, L. A. Crompton, J. A. Metcalf, and J. D. Sutton. 1996a. Effect of intravenous amino acid infusion on leucine oxidation across the mammary gland of the lactating goat. J. Dairy Sci. 79:2217-2224.
7. Bequette, B. J., M. D. Hanigan, A. G. Calder, C. K. Reynolds, G. E. Lobley, and J. C. MacRae. 2000. Amino acid exchange by the mammary gland of lactating goats when histidine limits milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 83:765-775.
8. Bequette, B. J., J. A. Metcalf, D. Wray-Cahen, F. R. C. Backwell, J. D. Sutton, M. A. Lomax, J. C. Macrae, and G. E. Lobley. 1996b. Leucine and protein metabolism in the lactating dairy cow mammary gland: Responses to supplemental dietary crude protein intake. J. Dairy Res. 63:209-222.
9. Berthiaume, R., M. C. Thivierge, R. A. Patton, P. Dubreuil, M. Stevenson, B. W. McBride, and H. Lapierre. 2006. Effect of ruminally protected methionine on splanchnic metabolism of amino acids in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89:1621-1634.
10. Bickerstaffe, R., E. F. Annison, and J. L. Linzell. 1974. The metabolism of glucose, acetate, lipids and amino acids in lactating dairy cows. J. Agric. Sci. Cambridge. 82:71-85.
11. Burgos, S. A., M. Dai, and J. P. Cant. 2010. Nutrient availability and lactogenic hormones regulate mammary protein synthesis through the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. J. Dairy Sci. 93:153-161.
12. Calder, A. G., K. E. Garden, S. E. Anderson, and G. E. Lobley. 1999. Quantitation of blood and plasma amino acids using isotope dilution electron impact gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with U-(13)C amino acids as internal standards. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13:2080-2083.
13. Cant, J. R., R. Berthiaume, H. Lapierre, P. H. Luimes, B. W. McBride, and D. Pacheco. 2003. Responses of the bovine mammary glands to absorptive supply of single amino acids. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 83:341-355.
14. Chaudhry, A. S., and A. J. F. Webster. 1993. The true digestibility and biological value for rats of undegraded dietary nitrogen in feeds for ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 42:209-221.
15. Clark, J. H. 1975. Lactational responses to postruminal administration of proteins and amino acids. J. Dairy Sci. 58:1178-1197.
16. Clark, J. H., R. G. Derrig, C. L. Davis, and H. R. Spires. 1975. Metabolism of arginine and ornithine in the cow and rabbit mammary tissue. J. Dairy Sci. 58:1808-1813.
17. Clark, J. H., H. R. Spires, R. G. Derrig, and M. R. Bennink. 1977. Milk production, nitrogen utilization and glucose synthesis in lactating cows infused postruminally with sodium caseinate and glucose. J. Nutr. 107:631-644.
18. Creamer, L. K., Y. Zhang, K. Brew, L. Sawyer, N. W. Haggarty, H. Korhonen, and P. Marnila. 2003. Milk Proteins. Pages 1881-1994 in Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, Vol. 3. H. Roginski, J. W. Fuquay, and P. F. Fox, ed. Academic Press, London, UK.
19. Derrig, R. G., J. H. Clark, and C. L. Davis. 1974. Effect of abomasal infusion of sodium caseinate on milk yield, nitrogen utilization and amino acid nutrition of the dairy cow. J. Nutr. 104:151-159.
20. Doepel, L., and H. Lapierre. 2010. Changes in production and mammary metabolism of dairy cows in response to essential and nonessential amino acid infusions. J. Dairy Sci. 93:3264-3274.
21. Doepel, L., and H. Lapierre. 2011. Deletion of arginine from an abomasal infusion of amino acids does not decrease milk protein yield in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94:864-873.
22. Doepel, L., G. E. Lobley, J. F. Bernier, P. Dubreuil, and H. Lapierre. 2007. Effect of glutamine supplementation on splanchnic metabolism in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90:4325-4333.
23. Doepel, L., G. E. Lobley, J. F. Bernier, P. Dubreuil, and H. Lapierre. 2009. Differences in splanchnic metabolism between late gestation and early lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 92:3233-3243.
24. Doepel, L., D. Pacheco, J. J. Kennelly, M. D. Hanigan, I. F. López, and H. Lapierre. 2004. Milk protein synthesis as a function of amino acid supply. J. Dairy Sci. 87:1279-1297.
25. Farrell, H. M., Jr., R. Jimenez-Flores, G. T. Bleck, E. M. Brown, J. E. Butler, L. K. Creamer, C. L. Hicks, C. M. Hollar, K. F. Ng-Kwai-Hang, and H. E. Swaisgood. 2004. Nomenclature of the proteins of cows' milk-Sixth revision. J. Dairy Sci. 87:1641-1674.
26. Fox, D. G., L. O. Tedeschi, T. P. Tylutki, J. B. Russell, M. E. Van Amburgh, L. E. Chase, A. N. Pell, and T. R. Overton. 2004. The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model for evaluating herd nutrition and nutrient excretion. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 112:29-78.
27. Guinard, J., and H. Rulquin. 1994. Effect of graded levels of duodenal infusions of casein on mammary uptake in lactating cows. 2. Individual amino acids. J. Dairy Sci. 77:3304-3315.
28. Hanigan, M. D., C. C. Calvert, E. J. DePeters, B. L. Reis, and R. L. Baldwin. 1992. Kinetics of amino acid extraction by lactating mammary glands in control and sometribove-treated Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75:161-173.
29. Jorgensen, G. N. and B. L. Larson. 1968. Conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine in the bovine mammary secretory cell. BBA- General Subjects 165:121-126.
30. Karman, A. H. and A. J. S. van Boekel. 1986. Evaluation of the Kjeldahl factor for conversion of the nitrogen content of milk and milk products to protein content. Neth. Milk Dairy J. 40:315-336.
31. Korhonen, M., A. Vanhatalo, and P. Huhtanen. 2002. Effect of protein source on amino acid supply, milk production, and metabolism of plasma nutrients in dairy cows fed grass silage. J. Dairy Sci. 85:3336-3351.
32. Kronfeld, D. S., F. Raggi, and C. F. Ramberg. 1968. Mammary blood flow and ketone body metabolism in normal, fasted, and ketotic cows. Am. J. Physiol. 215:218-227.
33. Lapierre, H., J. P. Blouin, J. F. Bernier, C. K. Reynolds, P. Dubreuil, and G. E. Lobley. 2002. Effect of supply of metabolizable protein on whole body and splanchnic leucine metabolism in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2631-2641.
34. Lapierre, H., L. Doepel, E. Milne, and G. E. Lobley. 2009. Responses in mammary and splanchnic metabolism to altered lysine supply in dairy cows. Animal 3:360-371.
35. Lapierre, H., G. Holtrop, A. G. Calder, J. Renaud, and G. E. Lobley. 2012. Is D-methionine bio-available to the dairy cow? J. Dairy Sci. 95:353-362.
36. Lapierre, H., E. Milne, J. Renaud, and G. E. Lobley. 2003. Lysine utilization by the mammary gland. Pages 777-780 in Progress in Research on Energy and Protein Metabolism. EAAP publication No. 109. W. B. Souffrant and C. C. Metges, ed. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
37. Lapierre, H., D. R. Ouellet, L. Doepel, G. Holtrop, and G. E. Lobley. 2008. Histidine, lysine and methionine: From metabolism to balanced dairy rations. Pages 19-36 in Eastern Nutrition Conference, Animal Nutrition Association of Canada, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
38. Lapierre, H., M. Vázquez-Añón, D. Parker, P. Dubreuil, G. Holtrop, and G. E. Lobley. 2011. Metabolism of 2-hydroxy- 4-(methylthio)butanoate (HMTBA) in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94:1526-1535.
39. Lemosquet, S., O. Abdou Arbi, A. Siegel, J. Guinard-Flament, J. Van Milgen, and J. Bourdon. 2010b. A generic stoichiometric model to analyse the metabolic flexibility of the mamary gland in lactating dairy cows. Pages 279-288 in Modelling nutrient digestion and utilisation in farm animals. D. Sauvant, J. Van Milgen, P. Faverdin, and N. Friggens, ed. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
40. Lemosquet, S., J. Guinard-Flament, G. Raggio, C. Hurtaud, J. Van Milgen, and H. Lapierre. 2010c. How does increasing protein supply or glucogenic nutrients modify mammary metabolism in lactating dairy cows? Pages 177-188 in Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition. EAAP publication No. 127. C. M. Crovetto, ed. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
41. Lemosquet, S., G. E. Lobley, R. Koopman, L. J. C. van Loon, A. K. Kies, and H. Lapierre. 2010a. A large supply of phenylalanine is not oxidised by the mammary gland of dairy cows. Pages 139-140 in Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition. EAAP publication No. 127. C. M. Crovetto, ed. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
42. Mabjeesh, S. J., C. E. Kyle, J. C. Macrae, and B. J. Bequette. 2000. Lysine metabolism by the mammary gland of lactating goats at two stages of lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 83:996-1003.
43. Mabjeesh, S. J., E. Smoler, S. M. Abramson, I. Bruckental, S. Zamwel, K. Nanjappan, and A. Arieli. 2002. Responses of cows to abomasal infusion of lysine and methionine at two levels of dietary protein. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 11:171-188.
44. Mackle, T. R., D. A. Dwyer, K. L. Ingvartsen, P. Y. Chouinard, D. A. Ross, and D. E. Bauman. 2000. Effects of insulin and postruminal supply of protein on use of amino acids by the mammary gland for milk protein synthesis. J. Dairy Sci. 83:93-105.
45. Mepham, T. B. 1982. Amino acid utilization by lactating mammary gland. J. Dairy Sci. 65:287-298.
46. Mepham, T. B., and J. L. Linzell. 1967. Urea formation by the lactating goat mammary gland. Nature 214:507-508.
47. Metcalf, J. A., D. E. Beever, J. D. Sutton, D. Wray-Cahen, R. T. Evans, D. J. Humphries, F. R. Backwell, B. J. Bequette, and J. C. MacRae. 1994. The effect of supplementary protein on in vivo metabolism of the mammary gland in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:1816-1827.
48. Metcalf, J. A., L. A. Crompton, D. Wray-Cahen, M. A. Lomax, J. D. Sutton, D. E. Beever, J. C. MacRae, B. J. Bequette, F. R. C. Backwell, and G. E. Lobley. 1996. Responses in milk constituents to intravascular administration of two mixtures of amino acids to dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 79:1425-1429.
49. Metcalf, J. A., R. J. Mansbridge, J. S. Blake, J. D. Oldham, and J. R. Newbold. 2008. The efficiency of conversion of metabolisable protein into milk true protein over a range of metabolisable protein intakes. Animal 2:1193-1202.
50. Miettinen, H. O., and P. J. Huhtanen. 1997. Effects of silage fermentation and post-ruminal casein supplementation in lactating dairy cows: 2-Energy metabolites and plasma amino acids. J. Sci. Food Agric. 74:459-468.
51. NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
52. Pacheco-Rios, D., D. D. S. Mackenzie, and W. C. McNabb. 2000. Comparison of two variants of the Fick principle for estimation of mammary blood flow in dairy cows fed two levels of dry matter intake. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81:57-63.
53. Raggio, G. 2006. Effets des apports énergétique et protéique sur le métabolisme protéique chez la vache laitière. PhD Diss. Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
54. Raggio, G., S. Lemosquet, G. E. Lobley, H. Rulquin, and H. Lapierre. 2006a. Effect of casein and propionate supply on mammary protein metabolism in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89:4340-4351.
55. Raggio, G., G. E. Lobley, S. Lemosquet, H. Rulquin, and H. Lapierre. 2006b. Effect of casein and propionate supply on whole body protein metabolism in lactating dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 86:81-89.
56. Raggio, G., D. Pacheco, R. Berthiaume, G. E. Lobley, D. Pellerin, G. Allard, P. Dubreuil, and H. Lapierre. 2004. Effect of level of metabolizable protein on splanchnic flux of amino acids in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87:3461-3472.
57. Rius, A. G., J. A. D. R. N. Appuhamy, J. Cyriac, D. Kirovski, O. Becvar, J. Escobar, M. L. McGilliard, B. J. Bequette, R. M. Akers, and M. D. Hanigan. 2010. Regulation of protein synthesis in mammary glands of lactating dairy cows by starch and amino acids. J. Dairy Sci. 93:3114-3127.
58. Robin, O., S. Turgeon, and P. Paquin. 1993. Functional properties of milk proteins. Pages 277-353 in Dairy Science and Technology Handbook. 1. Principles and Properties. Y. H. Hui, ed. VCH Publishers Inc., New York, NY.
59. Roets, E., A. M. Massart-Leën, G. Peeters, and R. Verbeke. 1983. Metabolism of leucine by the isolated perfused goat udder. J. Dairy Res. 50:413-424.
60. 3H]-L-valine by the isolated perfused goat udder. J. Dairy Res. 46:47-57.
61. 15N]leucine. J. Dairy Res. 66:283-288.
62. Rulquin, H. 1983. Effets sur la digestion et le métabolisme des vaches laitières d'infusions d'acides gras volatils dans le rumen et de caséinate dans le duodénum. II. Métabolisme général et mammaire. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 23:1029-1042.
63. Rulquin, H., P. M. Pisulewski, R. Vérité, and J. Guinard. 1993. Milk production and composition as a function of postruminal lysine and methionine supply: A nutrient-response approach. Livest. Prod. Sci. 37:69-90.
64. Sauvant, D., P. Schmidely, J. J. Daudin, and N. R. St-Pierre. 2008. Meta-analyses of experimental data: Application in animal nutrition. Animal 2:1203-1214.
65. Schwab, C. G. 1996. Rumen-protected amino acids for dairy cattle: Progress towards determining lysine and methionine requirements. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 59:87-101.
66. Swaisgood, H. E. 1995. Protein and amino acid composition of bovine milk. Pages 464-472 in Handbook of Milk Composition. R. G. Jensen, ed. Academic Press, London, UK.
67. Tagari, H., K. J. Webb, B. Theurer, T. Huber, D. DeYoung, P. Cuneo, J. E. Santos, J. Simas, M. Sadik, A. Alio, O. Lozano, A. Delgado-Elorduy, L. Nussio, C. Nussio, and F. Santos. 2004. Portal drained visceral flux, hepatic metabolism, and mammary uptake of free and peptide-bound amino acids and milk amino acid output in dairy cows fed diets containing corn grain steam flaked at 360 or steam rolled at 490 g/L. J. Dairy Sci. 87:413-430.
68. Tagari, H., K. J. Webb, B. Theurer, T. Huber, D. DeYoung, P. Cuneo, J. E. Santos, J. Simas, M. Sadik, A. Alio, O. Lozano, A. Delgado-Elorduy, L. Nussio, C. M. Bittar, and F. Santos. 2008. Mammary uptake, portal-drained visceral flux, and hepatic metabolism of free and peptide-bound amino acids in cows fed steam-flaked or dry-rolled sorghum grain diets. J. Dairy Sci. 91:679-697.
69. Thivierge, M. C., D. Petitclerc, J. F. Bernier, Y. Couture, and H. Lapierre. 2002a. Variations in mammary metabolism during the natural filling of the udder with milk over a 12-h period between two milkings. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1839-1854.
70. Thivierge, M. C., D. Petitclerc, J. F. Bernier, Y. Couture, and H. Lapierre. 2002b. Variations in mammary protein metabolism during the natural filling of the udder with milk over a 12-h period between two milkings: Leucine kinetics. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2974-2985.
71. Vanhatalo, A., T. Varvikko, and P. Huhtanen. 2003a. Effects of casein and glucose on responses of cows fed diets based on restrictively fermented grass silage. J. Dairy Sci. 86:3260-3270.
72. Vanhatalo, A., T. Varvikko, and P. Huhtanen. 2003b. Effects of various glucogenic sources on production and metabolic responses of dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets. J. Dairy Sci. 86:3249-3259.
73. Verbeke, R., and G. Peeters. 1965. Uptake of free plasma amino acids by the lactating cow's udder and amino acid composition of udder lymph. Biochem. J. 94:183-189.
74. 14C)-Lphenylalanine by the isolated perfused udder. J. Dairy Res. 39:239-250.
75. Waghorn, G. C., and R. L. Baldwin. 1984. Model of metabolite flux within mammary gland of the lactating cow. J. Dairy Sci. 67:531-544.
76. Weekes, T. L., P. H. Luimes, and J. P. Cant. 2006. Responses to amino acid imbalances and deficiencies in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89:2177-2187.
77. Wohlt, J. E., J. H. Clark, R. G. Derrig, and C. L. Davis. 1977. Valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism by lactating bovine mammary tissue. J. Dairy Sci. 60:1875-1882.