The climate regime: Achievements and challenges

The World Ocean In Globalisation: Climate Change, Sustainable Fisheries, Biodiversity, Shipping, Regional Issues

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 165-186

  Andresen, Steinar ^a   Skodvin, Tora ^b  

^a FRIDTJOF NANSEN INSTITUTE   (Norway)

^b CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH OSLO CICERO   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882682942     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1163/9789004204225     Document Type: Chapter

References (48)

1. Text published in UNTS, Vol. 1771, pp. 164ff; reprinted in ILM, Vol. 31, 1992, pp. 849ff.
2. S. Oberthur and C.R. Kelly, 'EU Leadership in International Climate Policy: Achievements and Challenges', The International Spectator, Vol. 43, 2008, p. 35.
3. S. Andresen and S. Agrawala, 'Leaders, Pushers and Laggards in the Making of the Climate Regime', Global Environmental Change, Vol. 12, 2002, pp. 41-51.
4. Annex I parties include industrialised countries that were members of the OECD in 1992, plus countries with economies in transition. See for further details.
5. Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; text reprinted in ILM, Vol. 37, 1998, pp. 22ff.
6. The list of policy actions submitted by the parties may be found at .
7. E. Miles, A. Underdal, S. Andresen, J. Wettestad, J.B. Skjærseth and E.M. Carline, Environmental Regime Effectiveness: Confronting Theory with Evidence (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002).
8. R.W. Scott, Institutions and Organisations (Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2001).
9. A. Najam, 'Developing Countries and Global Environmental Governance: From Contestation to Participation to Engagement', International Environmental Agreements: Politics. Law and Economics, Vol. 3, 2005, pp. 303-321.
10. A. Underdal and O. Young, Regime Consequences: Methodological Challenges and Research Strategies (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2004).
11. Miles et al., Environmental Regime Effectiveness.
12. T. Skodvin and S. Andresen, 'Leadership Revisited', Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 6, 2006, pp. 13-28.
13. See for example J. Hovi, T. Skodvin and S. Andresen, 'The Persistence of the Kyoto Protocol: Why other Annex 1 Countries Move on Without the United States', Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 3, 2003, pp. 1-24;
14. Oberthür and Kelly, 'EU Leadership in International Climate Policy', pp. 35-50.
15. M. Betsill and E. Corell (eds), NGO Diplomacy: The Influence of Nongovernmental Organizations in International Environmental Organizations (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008).
16. See for example L. Gulbrandsen and S. Andresen, 'NGO Influence in the Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol: Compliance, Flexibility Mechanisms and Sinks', Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 4, 2004, pp. 54-67;
17. M. Betsill, 'Environmental NGOs and the Kyoto Protocol Negotiations: 1995-1997', in Betsill and Corell (eds), NGO Diplomacy, pp. 43-67.
18. T. Skodvin, 'The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change', in S. Andresen, T. Skodvin, A. Underdal and J. Wettestad, Science and Politics in International Environmental Regimes (Manchester University Press, 2000), pp.146-181.
19. 'Climate Change Assessment Must Try Harder', The Economist, 4 September 2010, pp. 78-79.
20. See for example BBC Climate Change Polls, February 2010, available at .
21. Hovi, Skodvin and Andresen, 'The Persistence of the Kyoto Protocol', p. 4.
22. O. Røgeberg, S. Andresen and B. Holtsmark, 'International Climate Treaties: The Case for Pessimism', Climate Law, Vol. 1, 2010, pp. 177-199.
23. G.M. Heggelund and I.F. Buan, 'China in the Asia-Pacific Partnership: Consequences for UN Climate Mitigation Efforts', International Environmental Agreements, Vol. 9, 2009, pp. 301-317.
24. Council on Foreign Relations, Confronting Climate Change: A Strategy for U.S. Foreign Policy, Independent Task Force Report No. 61 (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 2009).
25. J.B. Skjærseth and J. Wettestad, EU Emissions Trading: Initiation, Decision-making and Implementation (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008).
26. UNFCCC Subsidiary Body for Implementation, National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data for the Period 1990-2008, FCCC/SBI/20108/18, (New York: UNFCCC, 2010), available at .
27. K. Harrison and M. Sundstrom, 'The Comparative Politics of Climate Change', Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 7, 2007, p. 13.
28. Earth Negotiation Bulletin, Vol. 12, No. 498, p. 29.
29. Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT), Version 8.0 (Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, 2011), available at .
30. R.E. Benedick, Ozone Diplomacy: New Directions in Safeguarding the Planet (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998).
31. D. Bodansky, 'The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. A Commentary', Yale Journal of International Law, Vol. 18, 1993, pp. 451-558.
32. M. Grubb, C. Vrolijk and D. Brack, The Kyoto Protocol: A Guide and an Assessment (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1999), p. 12.
33. S. Andresen, The Development of the Climate Regime: Positions, Evaluation and Lessons, FNI Report 3/1998 (Lysaker: Fridtjof Nansen Institute, 1998), p. 28.
34. A 'sink' is defined as 'any process, activity or mechanism which removes a greenhouse gas, an aerosol or a precursor of a greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. Forests and other vegetation are considered sinks because they remove carbon dioxide through photosynthesis'. Source: 'UNFCCC Glossary of Climate Change Acronyms', available at .
35. Hovi, Skodvin and Andresen, 'The Persistence of the Kyoto Protocol', p. 19.
36. Oberthur and Kelly, 'EU Leadership in International Climate Policy'.
37. 'A Brief Analysis of COP 14 & COP/MOP 4', Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Vol. 12, No. 395, 2008, pp. 17-19, at p. 19.
38. S. Andresen and E.L. Boasson, 'International Climate Cooperation: Clear Recommendations, Weak Commitments', in S. Andresen, E.L. Boasson and G. Hønneland (eds), International Environmental Agreements: An Introduction (London: Routledge, forthcoming 2011), pp. 87-122.
39. 'Global Deal on Climate Change in 2010 "All but Impossible"', The Guardian, 1 February 2010.
40. For a detailed account of the Asia-Pacific partnership, see 'Special Issue: Exploring and Explaining the Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate', International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2009.
41. Statement released by (then) House Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi: 'Bush Administration Lacks Serious Policy on Global Warming', retrieved 31 January 2007 from .
42. J. McGee and R. Taplin, 'The Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate: A Complement or Competitor to the Kyoto Protocol?' Global Change, Peace & Security, Vol. 18, 2006, pp. 173-192.
43. Interviews at environmental think-tanks in Washington DC, February 2010.
44. 'Global Deal on Climate Change in 2010 "All but Impossible"', The Guardian.
45. 'Interview: UN Climate Talks Must Move Beyond Rhetoric', EurActiv.com, 8 December 2008, available at .
46. Røgeberg, Andresen and Holtsmark, 'Climate Treaties: The Case for Pessimism'.
47. IPCC, IPCC Special Report: Emissions Scenarios, a special report of Working Group III (Cambridge University Press, 2000). 56 United Nations, 'World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision', available at .
48. Røgeberg, Andresen and Holtsmark, 'Climate Treaties: The Case for Pessimism', p. 10.