Monitoring oil pollution from ships: Experiences from the northern Baltic practice

Law, Technology and Science for Oceans in Globalisation: IUU Fishing, Oil Pollution, Bioprospecting, Outer Continental Shelf

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 231-244

  Tahvonen, Kati ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882660602     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1163/ej.9789004180406.i-610     Document Type: Chapter

References (40)

1. The Helsinki Commission, i.e., the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission is established on the basis of Article 19 of the Helsinki Convention: the Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area, done at Helsinki, 9 April 1992, and entered into force on 17 January 2000. For the text of the Helsinki Convention, with current Annexes, see HELCOM website, at .
2. E. Furman, H. Dahlström and R. Hamari, The Baltic - Man and Nature (Helsinki: Otava, 1998), p. 9.
3. E-L. Ryhänen (ed.), Itämeri (in Finnish: The Baltic Sea), (Helsinki: WWF and WSOY, 2003), p. 23
4. the surface referred to includes the Sound area and Kattegat. The 9 countries are Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Russian Federation and Sweden.
5. Furman et al., The Baltic - Man and Nature, p. 7.
6. Ryhänen, Itämeri, p. 24.
7. Furman et al., The Baltic - Man and Nature, p. 14.
8. Finnish Institute of Marine Research (FIMR), 'Ice Conditions in the Baltic Sea', 16 September 2008, available at .
9. HELCOM, 'Overview of the Shipping Traffic in the Baltic Sea', April 2009, p. 1, at .
10. 'Statistics on Ship Traffic in the Baltic Sea', HELCOM press release, 3 August 2006, available at .
11. HELCOM, 'Overview of the Shipping Traffic in the Baltic Sea', p. 8.
12. Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), 'Oil Transportation in the Gulf of Finland', February 2007, available at .
13. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto.
14. for the Convention with Annexes, including unifi pretations and amendments, see MARPOL 73/78- Consolidated Edition 2006 (London: IMO, 2006). For further discussion of MARPOL 73/78, see Özçayir, chapter 13 in this book.
15. Özçayir, chapter 13 in this book.
16. See Revised Guidelines for the identification and desigination of particularly sensitive sea Areas, IMO Assembly resolution A.982(24), of 1 December 2005.
17. HELCOM website, at , where also texts of the instruments adopted by the Commission and referred to in this chapter are available.
18. HELCOM Recommendation 21/2, of 1993, Amendments to Annex IV to the 1992 Helsinki Convention, on 'Prevention of Pollution from Ships'.
19. HELCOM Recommendation 23/1, of 1998, Notification of Ship's Wastes.
20. HELCOM Recommendation 28E/10, of 1998, Application of the No-Special-Fee System to Ship-Generated Wastes and Marine Litter Caught in Fishing Nets in the Baltic Sea Area.
21. HELCOM Recommendation 19/14, on a Harmonized System of Fines in Case a Ship Violates Anti-Pollution Regulations.
22. HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan, available at .
23. HELCOM Recommendation 19/16, of 1998, Cooperation in Investigating Violations or Suspected Violations of Discharge and Related Regulations for Ships Dumping and Incineration Regulations
24. For information on CEPCO, see the Bonn Agreement website, at .
25. Unpublished statistics updated by the HELCOM secretariat and/or the chair of IWGAS (on file with the author at the time of writing).
26. HELCOM, Annual 2007 HELCOM Report on Illegal Discharges Observed During Aerial Surveillance (Helsinki: HELCOM, 2008), available at .
27. .
28. The busiest shipping lanes pass through the Baltic Sea from the eastern Gulf of Finland via the northern Baltic proper and Eastern Gotland Basin and from the Sound to Kattegat, connecting all the major ports in the Baltic Sea area.
29. Annual 2007 HELCOM Report on Illegal Discharges Observed During Aerial Surveillance, p. 3.
30. European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA), CleanSeaNet; see . For an overview and discussion, see Trieschmann, chapter 11 in this book.
31. On this and other means of oil-spill detection, see Trieschmann, chapter 11 in this book.
32. For example, in 2007 out of all the 238 oil spills verified by HELCOM countries, 54 were also seen in satellite images. This figure is included in the aerial surveillance statistics.
33. 'Statistics on Ship Traffic in the Baltic Sea'.
34. .
35. SYKE, 'Surveillance of Illegal Discharges', at .
36. 'More Efficient Surveillance Increased the Number of Detected Oil Spills', at .
37. See Act on the Exclusive Economic Zone of Finland, of 26 November 2004, and Government Decree on the Exclusive Economic Zone of Finland, of 2 December 2004 (both unofficial translation to English language by the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs), in Law of the Sea Bulletin, No. 57, 2005, pp. 106-115.
38. Law on Preventing Ship-generated Waste, available in Finnish and Swedish language at . See also Green ships - blue seas. A Report of the Ad hoc Committee on the Ship-generated Waste (in Finnish) (Helsinki: Ministry of Transport and Communications, 2008).
39. .
40. 'More Efficient Surveillance Increased the Number of Detected Oil Spills', as in footnote 34.