Parasites in the Wadden Sea food web

Journal of Sea Research

Volumn 82, Issue , 2013, Pages 122-133

  Thieltges, David W ^a   Engelsma, Marc Y ^b   Wendling, Carolin C ^c,d   Wegner, K Mathias ^c,d  

^a ROYAL NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR SEA RESEARCH   (Netherlands)

^b WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR OCEAN RESEARCH KIEL   (Germany)

^d ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Food web; Macroparasites; Microparasites; Molluscs; Mortality factor; Trophic interactions

Indexed keywords

BACTERIUM; EUKARYOTE; FOOD WEB; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTION; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; MOLLISOL; MOLLUSC; MORTALITY; PARASITOLOGY; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; PROTOZOAN; TROPHIC INTERACTION;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; NORTH SEA; WADDEN SEA;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); COPEPODA; MOLLUSCA; PROTOZOA; VERMES;

EID: 84882627539     PISSN: 13851101     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2012.06.002     Document Type: Article

References (141)

1. Ambariyanto, Seed R. The infestation of Mytilus edulis Linnaeus by Polydora ciliata (Johnston) in the Conwy Estuary, North Wales. Journal of Molluscan Studies 1991, 57:413-424.
2. Amundsen P., Lafferty K.D., Knudsen R., Primicerio R., Klemetsen A., Kuris A.M. Food web topology and parasites in the pelagic zone of a subarctic lake. Journal of Animal Ecology 2009, 78:563-572.
3. Andersen T.J. Seasonal variation in erodability of two temperate microtidal mudflats. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Sciences 2001, 53:1-12.
4. Baird D., Asmus H., Asmus R. Energy flow of a boreal intertidal ecosystem, the Sylt-Rømø Bight. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2004, 279:45-61.
5. Baird D., Asmus H., Asmus R. Trophic dynamics of eight intertidal communities of the Sylt-Rømø Bight ecosystem, northern Wadden Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2007, 351:25-41.
6. Barber B.J. Neoplastic diseases of commercially important marine bivalves. Aquatatic Living Resources 2004, 17:449-466.
7. Berthe F.C.J., Le Roux F., Adlard R.D., Figueras A. Marteiliosis in molluscs: a review. Aquatic Living Resources 2004, 17:433-448.
8. Berthelin C., Kellner K., et al. Storage metabolism in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in relation to summer mortalities and reproductive cycle (West Coast of France). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 2000, 125:359-369.
9. Beukema J.J., Honkoop P.J.C., Dekker R. Recruitment in Macoma balthica after mild and cold winters and its possible control by egg production and shrimp predation. Hydrobiologia 1998, 375(376):23-34.
10. Bolker B., Holyoak M., Křivan V., Rowe L., Schmitz O. Connecting theoretical and empirical studies of trait mediated interactions. Ecology 2003, 84:1101-1114.
11. Borgsteede F.H.M., Okulewicz A., Zoun P.E.F., Okulewicz J. The gastrointestinal helminth fauna of the eider duck (Somateria mollissima L.) in the Netherlands. Helminthologia 2005, 42:83-87.
12. Burreson E.M., Ford S.E. A review of recent information on the Haplosporidia, with special reference to Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX disease). Aquatic Living Resources 2004, 17:499-517.
13. Buschbaum C. Predation on barnacles of intertidal and subtidal mussel beds in the Wadden Sea. Helgoland Marine Research 2002, 56:37-43.
14. Buschbaum C., Buschbaum G., Schrey I., Thieltges D.W. Shell boring polychaetes affect gastropod shell strength and crab predation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2007, 329:123-130.
15. Carnegie R.B., Cochennec-Laureau N. Microcell parasites of oysters: recent insights and future trends. Aquatic Living Resources 2004, 17:519-528.
16. Caspers H. Über Vorkommen und Metamorphose von Mytilicola intestinalis Steuer (Copepoda paras.) in der südlichen Nordsee. Zoologischer Anzeiger 1931, 126:161-171.
17. Chaney M.L., Gracey A.Y. Mass mortality in Pacific oysters is associated with a specific gene expression signature. Molecular Ecology 2011, 20:2942-2954.
18. Clausen K.T., Larsen M.H., Iversen N.K., Mouritsen K.N. The influence of trematodes on the macroalgae consumption by the common periwinkle Littorina littorea. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2008, 88:1481-1485.
19. Combes C. Parasitism-The Ecology and Evolution of Intimate Interactions 2001, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
20. Comps M., Tigé G. Fine structure of Minchinia sp., a haplosporidan infecting the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis L. Systematic Parasitology 1997, 38:45-50.
21. Culloty S.C., Cronin M.A., Mulcahy M.F. Potential resistance of a number of populations of the oyster Ostrea edulis to the parasite Bonamia ostreae. Aquaculture 2004, 237:41-58.
22. Daehne B., Zabel A., Meemken M., Watermann B.T. Mortality of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg, 1793) in 2006 at the East Frisian coast, Germany, North Sea. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Patholologists 2009, 29:118-122.
23. de Montaudouin X., Thieltges D.W., Gam M., Krakau M., Pina S., Bazairi H., Dabouineau L., Russell-Pinto F., Jensen K.T. Trematode species in the cockle Cerastoderma edule: identification key and distribution along the North-East Atlantic shoreline. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 2009, 89:543-556.
24. de Vlas J. Annual food intake by plaice and flounder in a tidal flat area in the Dutch Wadden Sea, with special reference to consumption of regenerating parts of macrobenthic prey. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 1979, 13:117-153.
25. Degremont L., Ernande B., Bedier E., Boudry P. Summer mortality of hatchery-produced Pacific oyster spat (Crassostrea gigas). I. Estimation of genetic parameters for survival and growth. Aquaculture 2007, 262:41-53.
26. Dethlefsen V. Zur Parasitologie der Miesmuschel. Berichte der wissenschaftlichen Kommission der Meeresforschung 1972, 22:344-371.
27. Dietvorst C.J.M. Een overzicht van de trematoden bij enkele gastropoden in de westelijke Waddenzee. Netherlands Institute for Sea Research 1972, Spec. Publ. No. 1972-13.
28. Dobson A.P., Lafferty K.D., Kuris A.M. Parasites and Food-webs. Ecological Networks: Linking Structure to Dynamics 2006, 119-135. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. M. Pascual, J.A. Dunne (Eds.).
29. Dobson A., Lafferty K.D., Kuris A.M., Hechinger R.F., Jetz W. Homage to Linnaeus: how many parasites? How many hosts?. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2008, 105:11482-11489.
30. Dunne J.A., Williams R.J., Martinez N.D. Food-web structure and network theory: the role of connectance and size. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002, 99:12917-12922.
31. Elsner N.O., Jacobsen S., Thieltges D.W., Reise K. Alien parasitic copepods in mussels and oysters of the Wadden Sea. Helgoland Marine Research 2011, 65:299-307.
32. Engelsma M.Y. Verslag monitoring oester herpesvirus 2010. Resultaten van onderzoek naar de aanwezigheid van oester herpesvirus in Japanse oesters van het Grevelingenmeer en de Oosterschelde, CVI-report 10/CVI0378, Lelystad 2010.
33. Estes R.M., Friedman C.S., et al. Pathogenicity testing of shellfish hatchery bacterial isolates on Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas larvae. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2004, 58:223-230.
34. Figueras A.J., Jardon C.F., Caldas J.R. Diseases and parasites of mussels (Mytilus edulis, Linnaeus, 1758) from two sites on the east coast of the United States. Journal of Shellfish Research 1991, 10:89-94.
35. Forshay K.J., Johnson P.T., Stock M., Peñalva C., Dodson S.I. Festering food: Chytridiomycete pathogen reduces quality of Daphnia host as a food resource. Ecology 2008, 89:2692-2699.
36. Fredensborg B.L., Mouritsen K.N., Poulin R. Impact of trematodes on host survival and population density in the intertidal gastropod Zeacumantus subcarinatus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2005, 290:109-117.
37. Garcia C., Thébault A., Dégremont L., Arzul I., Miossec L., Robert M., Chollet B., François C., Joly J.P., Ferrand S., Kerdudou N., Renault T. Ostreid herpesvirus 1 detection and relationship with Crassostrea gigas spat mortality in France between 1998 and 2006. Veterinary Research 2011, 42:73.
38. Garnier M., Labreuche Y., Garcia C., Robert A., Nicolas J.L. Evidence for the involvement of pathogenic bacteria in summer mortalities of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Microbial Ecology 2007, 53:187-196.
39. Groenewold S., Berghahn S., Zander C.-D. Parasite communities of four fish species in the Wadden Sea and the role of fish discarded by the shrimp fisheries in parasite transmission. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 1996, 50:69-85.
40. Harvell C.D., Kim K., Burkholder J.M., Colwell R.R., Epstein P.R., Grimes D.J., Hofmann E.E., Lipp E.K., Osterhaus A.D., Overstreet R.M., Porter J.W., Smith G.W., Vasta G.R. Emerging marine diseases: climate links and anthropogenic factors. Science 1999, 28:1505-1510.
41. Harvell C.D., Mitchell C.E., Ward J.R., Altizer S., Dobson A.P., Ostfeld R.S., Samuel M.D. Climate warming and disease risks for terrestrial and marine biota. Science 2002, 285:1505-1510.
42. Hatcher M.J., Dick J.T.A., Dunn A.M. How parasites affect interactions between competitors and predators. Ecology Letters 2006, 9:1253-1271.
43. Hechinger R.F., Lafferty K.D., Mancini F.T., Warner R.R., Kuris A.M. How large is the hand in the puppet? Ecological and evolutionary factors affecting body mass of 15 trematode parasitic castrators in their snail host. Evolutionary Ecology 2009, 23:651-667.
44. Hechinger R., Lafferty K., Dobson A., Brown J., Kuris A. A common scaling rule for abundance, energetics, and production of parasitic and free-living species. Science 2011, 333:445-448.
45. Hernandez A.D., Sukhdeo M.V.K. Parasites alter the topology of a stream food web across seasons. Oecologia 2008, 156:613-624.
46. Holt R.D. Predation, apparent competition, and the structure of prey communities. Theoretical Population Biology 1977, 12:197-229.
47. Howard A.E. The possibility of long distance transmission of Bonamia by fouling on boat hulls. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathology 1994, 14:211-212.
48. Hudson P.J., Greenman J.V. Competition mediated by parasites: biological and theoretical progress. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 1998, 13:387-390.
49. Hulscher J. Burying-depth and trematode infection in Macoma balthica. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 1973, 6:141-156.
50. Huxham M., Raffaelli D., Pike A. Parasites and food-web patterns. Journal of Animal Ecology 1995, 64:168-176.
51. IPCC Climate change 2007: synthesis report 2007, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australia.
52. Jeffries V. Three Vibrio strains pathogenic to larvae of Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis. Aquaculture 1982, 29:201-226.
53. Jensen K.T., Jensen J.N. The importance of some epibenthic predators on the density of juvenile benthic macrofauna in the Danish Wadden Sea. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 1985, 89:157-174.
54. Jensen K.T., Mouritsen K.N. Mass mortality in two common soft-bottom invertebrates, Hydrobia ulvae and Corophium volutator-the possible role of trematodes. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 1992, 46:329-339.
55. Johnson P.T.J., Thieltges D.W. Diversity, decoys and the dilution effect: how ecological communities affect disease risk. Journal of Experimental Biology 2010, 213:961-970.
56. Johnson P.T.J., Dobson A., Lafferty K.D., Marcogliese D., Memmott J., Orlofske S.A., Poulin R., Thieltges D.W. When parasites become prey: ecological and epidemiological significance of eating parasites. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2010, 25:362-371.
57. Kent R.M.L. The effect of Polydora ciliata on the shell strength of Mytilus edulis. Journal du Conseil international pour l'Exploration de la Mer 1981, 39:252-255.
58. Korringa P. On the ecology and distribution of the parasitic copepod Mytilicola intestinalis Steuer. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 1968, 38:47-57.
59. Krakau M., Thieltges D.W., Reise K. Native parasites adopt introduced bivalves of the North Sea. Biological Invasions 2006, 8:919-925.
60. Kuris A.M., Hechinger R.F., Shaw J.C., Whitney K., Aguirre-Macedo L., Boch C., Dobson A., Dunham E.J., Fredensborg B.L., Huspeni T.C., Lorda J., Mababa L., Mancini F., Mora A., Pickering M., Talhouk N., Torchin M.E., Lafferty K.D. Ecosystem energetic implications of parasite and free-living biomass in three estuaries. Nature 2008, 454:515-518.
61. Lacoste A., Jalabert F., Malham S., Cueff A., Gélébart F., Cordevant C., Lange M., Poulet S.A. A Vibrio splendidus strain is associated with summer mortality of juvenile oysters Crassostrea gigas in the Bay of Morlaix (North Brittany, France). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2001, 46:139-145.
62. Lafferty K.D. Effect of parasitic castration on growth, reproduction and population dynamics of the marine snail Cerithidea californica. Marine Ecology Progress Series 1993, 96:229-237.
63. Lafferty K.D. The ecology of climate change and infectious diseases. Ecology 2009, 90:888-900.
64. Lafferty K.D., Dobson A.P., Kuris A.M. Parasites dominate food web links. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2006, 103:11211-11216.
65. Lafferty K.D., Allesina S., Arim M., Briggs C.J., DeLeo G., Dobson A.P., Dunne J.A., Johnson P.T., Kuris A.M., Marcogliese D.J., Martinez N.D., Memmott J., Marquet P.A., McLaughlin J.P., Mordecai E.A., Pascual M., Poulin R., Thieltges D.W. Parasites in food webs: the ultimate missing links. Ecology Letters 2008, 11:533-546.
66. Larsen M.H., Jensen K.T., Mouritsen K.N. Climate influences parasite-mediated competitive release. Parasitology 2011, 138:1436-1441.
67. Lauckner G. Zur Trematodenfauna der Herzmuscheln Cardium edule und Cardium lamarcki. Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 1971, 22:377-400.
68. Lauckner G. Diseases of Mollusca: Gastropoda. Diseases of Marine Animals Vol. I General Aspects, Protozoa to Gastropoda 1980, 311-424. John Wiley & Sons, New York. O. Kinne (Ed.).
69. Lauckner G. Diseases of Mollusca: Bivalvia. Diseases of Marine Animals Vol. 2 Introduction, Bivalvia to Scaphopoda 1983, 477-961. Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Hamburg. O. Kinne (Ed.).
70. Lauckner G. Impact of trematode parasitism on the fauna of a North Sea tidal flat. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 1984, 37:185-199.
71. Lauckner G. Ecological effects of larval trematode infestation on littoral marine invertebrate populations. International Journal of Parasitology 1986, 12:391-398.
72. Le Roux F., Gay M., et al. Comparative analysis of Vibrio splendidus-related strains isolated during Crassostrea gigas mortality events. Aquatic Living Resources 2002, 15:251-258.
73. Lehnert K., Raga J.A., Siebert U. Parasites in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from the German Wadden Sea between two Phocine Distemper Virus epidemics. Helgoland Marine Research 2007, 61:239-245.
74. Lhafi S.K., Kuhne M. Occurrence of Vibrio spp. in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the German Wadden Sea. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2007, 116:297-300.
75. Loos-Frank B. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über Bau, Entwicklung und Systematik der Himastlinae (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae) des Nordseeraumes. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 1967, 28:299-351.
76. Loos-Frank B. Der Entwicklungszyklus von Psilostomum brevicolle (Creplin, 1829) (Syn.: P. platyurum (Mühling, 1896)) (Trematoda, Psilostomatidae). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 1968, 31:122-131.
77. Loos-Frank B. Zur Kenntnis der gymnophalliden Trematoden des Nordseeraumes I. Die alternativen Zyklen von Gymnophallus choledochus Odhner, 1900. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 1969, 32:135-156.
78. Loos-Frank B. Zur Kenntnis der gymnophalliden Trematoden des Nordseeraumes II. Lacunovermis macomae (Lebour, 1908) n. comb. (Syn.: Gamnophallus macroporus Jameson and Nicoll, 1913) und seine Metacercarie. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 1970, 35:130-139.
79. Loos-Frank B. Zur Trematodenfauna der Silbermöwe (Larus argentatus) an der südlichen Nordsee. Vogelwarte 1971, 26:202-212.
80. Loos-Frank B. Zur Kenntnis der gymnophalliden Trematoden des Nordseeraumes III: Gymnophallus gibberosus n. sp. und seine Metacercarie. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 1971, 35:270-281.
81. Loos-Frank B. Zur Kenntnis der gymnophalliden Trematoden des Nordseeraumes IV. Übersicht über die gymnophalliden Larven aus Mollusken der Gezeitenzone. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 1971, 36:206-232.
82. Meyer-Waarden P.-F., Mann H. Der Befall von Mytilus edulis durch Mytilicola intestinalis in den deutschen Wattgebieten 1950-1953. Berichte der Deutschen Kommission für Meeresforschung 1954, 4:347-362.
83. Michaelis H. Zur Morphologie und Ökologie von Polydora ciliata und P. ligni (Polychaeta, Spionidae). Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 1978, 31:102-116.
84. Mouritsen K.N. The Hydrobia ulvae-Maritrema subdolum association: influence of temperature, salinity, light, water-pressure and secondary host exudates on cercarial emergence and longevity. Journal of Helminthology 2002, 76:341-347.
85. Mouritsen K.N., Haun S.C.B. Community regulation by herbivore parasitism and density: trait-mediated indirect interactions in the intertidal. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 2008, 367:236-246.
86. Mouritsen K.N., Poulin R. Parasitism, community structure and biodiversity in intertidal ecosystems. Parasitology 2002, 124:S101-S117.
87. Mouritsen K.N., Jensen T., Jensen K.T. Parasites on an intertidal Corophium-bed: factors determining the phenology of microphallid trematodes in the intermediate host populations of the mud-snail Hydrobia ulvae and the amphipod Corophium volutator. Hydrobiologia 1997, 7:61-70.
88. Mouritsen K., Mouritsen L., Jensen K. Change of topography and sediment characteristics on an intertidal mudflat following mass-mortality of the amphipod Corophium volutator. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 1998, 78:1167-1180.
89. Mouritsen K.N., Tompkins D.M., Poulin R. Climate warming may cause a parasite-induced collapse in coastal amphipod populations. Oecologia 2005, 146:476-483.
90. Mydlarz L.D., Jones L.E., Harvell C.D. Innate immunity environmental drivers and disease ecology of marine and freshwater invertebrates. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 2006, 37:251-288.
91. Nehls G., Diederich S., Thieltges D.W., Strasser M. Wadden Sea mussel beds invaded by oysters and slipper limpets-competition or climate control?. Helgoland Marine Research 2006, 60:135-143.
92. Nehls G., Witte S., Büttger H., Dankers N., Jansen J., Millat G., Herlyn M., Markert A., Kristensen P.S., Ruth M., Buschbaum C., Wehrmann A. Beds of blue mussels and Pacific oysters. Thematic Report No. 11. Wadden Sea Ecosystem 2009, No. 25. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
93. Nehring S., Reise K., Dankers N., Kristensen P.S. Alien species. Thematic Report No. 7. Wadden Sea Ecosystem 2009, No. 25. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
94. Oberbeckmann S., Wichels A., Wiltshire K.H., Gerdts G. Occurrence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus in the German Bight over a seasonal cycle. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology 2011, 100:291-307.
95. Palm H.W., Klimpel S., Bucher C. Checklist of metazoan fish parasites of German coastal waters. Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel 1999, 307:1-148.
96. Park T. Experimental studies of interspecies competition. I. Competition between populations of the flour beetles, Tribolium confusum Duval and Tribolium castaneum Herbst. Ecological Monographs 1948, 18:265-308.
97. Paul-Pont I., de Montaudouin X., Gonzalez P., Jude F., Raymond N., Paillard C., Baudrimont M. Interactive effects of metal contamination and pathogenic organisms on the introduced marine bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum in European populations. Environmental Pollution 2010, 158:3401-3410.
98. Peeler E.J., Oidtmann B.C., Midtlyng P.J., Miossec L., Gozlan R.E. Non-native aquatic animals introductions have driven disease emergence in Europe. Biological Invasions 2010, 13:1291-1303.
99. Poulin R. Global warming and temperature-mediated increases in cercarial emergence in trematode parasites. Parasitology 2006, 132:143-151.
100. Price P.W., Westoby M., Rice B., Atsatt P.R., Fritz R.S., Thompson J.N., et al. Parasite mediation in ecological interactions. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1986, 17:487-505.
101. Reise K. Tidal Flat Ecology 1985, Springer, Heidelberg.
102. Romero A., Dios S., Poisa-Beiro L., Costa M.M., Posada D., Figueras A., Novoa B. Individual sequence variability and functional activities of fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) suggest ancient and complex immune recognition models in invertebrates. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 2011, 35:334-344.
103. Saier B. Age-dependent zonation of the periwinkle Littorina littorea (L.) in the Wadden Sea. Helgoland Marine Research 2000, 54:224-229.
104. Saier B. Subtidal and intertidal mussel beds (Mytilus edulis L.) in the Wadden Sea: diversity differences of associated epifauna. Helgoland Marine Research 2002, 56:44-50.
105. Schets F.M., van den Berg H., Rutjes S.A., Husman A.M.D. Pathogenic Vibrio species in Dutch shellfish destined for direct human consumption. Journal of Food Protection 2010, 73:734-738.
106. Schmid-Hempel P. Evolutionary Parasitology: The Integrated Study of Infections, Immunology, Ecology, and Genetics 2011, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
107. Segarra A., Pépin J.F., Arzul I., Morga B., Faury N., Renault T. Detection and description of a particular Ostreid herpesvirus 1 genotype associated with massive mortality outbreaks of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, in France in 2008. Virus Research 2010, 153:92-99.
108. Skindersoe M.E., Ettinger-Epstein P., Rasmussen T.B., Bjarnsholt T., de Nys R., Givskov M. Quorum sensing antagonism from marine organisms. Marine Biotechnology 2008, 10:56-63.
109. Sokolova I.M. Influence of trematodes on the demography of Littorina saxatilis (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Littorinidae) in the White Sea. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 1995, 21:91-101.
110. Sousa W. Can models of soft-sediment community structure be complete without parasites?. American Zoologist 1991, 31:821-830.
111. Stier, T.M., 2011. Parasites of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis (L.) in the Wadden Sea: experiment on their effects on the filtration capacity and field survey on their occurrence. Master thesis, University of Hohenheim, Germany.
112. Swennen C. Crawling-tracks of trematode infected Macoma balthica (L.). Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 1969, 4:376-379.
113. Swennen C., Ching H. Observations on the trematode Parvatrema affinis, causative agent of crawling tracks of Macoma balthica. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 1974, 8:108-115.
114. Thieltges D.W. Effect of metacercarial trematode infections (Renicola roscovita) on growth in intertidal blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Marine Ecology Progress Series 2006, 319:129-134.
115. Thieltges D.W. Parasite induced summer mortality in common cockles Cerastoderma edule by the trematode Gymnophallus choledochus. Hydrobiologia 2006, 559:455-461.
116. Thieltges D.W. Habitat and transmission-effect of tidal level and upstream host density on metacercarial load in an intertidal bivalve. Parasitology 2007, 134:599-605.
117. Thieltges D.W. Effect of host size and exposure on metacercarial infection levels in the intertidal cockle Cerastoderma edule. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2008, 88:613-616.
118. Thieltges D.W., Reise K. Spatial heterogeneity in parasite infections at different scales in an intertidal bivalve. Oecologia 2007, 150:569-581.
119. Thieltges D.W., Rick J. Effect of temperature on emergence, survival and infectivity of cercariae of the marine trematode Renicola roscovita (Digenea: Renicolidae). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2006, 73:63-68.
120. Thieltges D.W., Strasser M., Reise K. The American slipper-limpet Crepidula fornicata (L.) in the Northern Wadden Sea 70years after its introduction. Helgoland Marine Research 2003, 57:27-33.
121. Thieltges D.W., Hussel B., Baekgaard H. Endoparasites in common eider Somateria mollissima from birds killed by an oil spill in the northern Wadden Sea. Journal of Sea Research 2006, 55:301-308.
122. Thieltges D.W., Krakau M., Andresen H., Fottner S., Reise K. Macroparasite community in molluscs of a tidal basin in the Wadden Sea. Helgoland Marine Research 2006, 60:307-316.
123. Thieltges D.W., Donas-Botto Bordalo M., Cabalero Hernández A., Prinz K., Jensen K.T. Ambient fauna impairs parasite transmission in a marine parasite-host system. Parasitology 2008, 135:1111-1116.
124. Thieltges D.W., Hussel B., Hermann J., Jensen K.T., Krakau M., Taraschewski H., Reise K. Parasites in the northern Wadden Sea: a conservative ecosystem component over four decades. Helgoland Marine Research 2008, 62:37-47.
125. Thieltges D.W., Jensen K.T., Poulin R. The role of biotic factors in the transmission of free-living endohelminth stages. Parasitology 2008, 135:407-426.
126. Thieltges D.W., Ferguson M.A.D., Jones C.S., Noble L.R., Poulin R. Biogeographical patterns of marine larval trematode parasites in two intermediate snail hosts in Europe. Journal of Biogeography 2009, 36:1493-1501.
127. Thieltges D.W., de Montaudouin X., Fredensborg B.L., Jensen K.T., Koprivnikar J., Poulin R. Production of marine trematode cercariae-a potentially overlooked path of energy flow in benthic systems. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2009, 372:147-155.
128. Thieltges D.W., Reise K., Mouritsen K.N., McLaughlin J.P., Poulin R. Food web including metazoan parasites for a tidal basin in Germany and Denmark. Data paper, Ecological Archives E092-172. Ecology 2011, 92:2005.
129. Thompson R.M., Mouritsen K.N., Poulin R. Importance of parasites and their life cycle characteristics in determining the structure of a large marine food web. Journal of Animal Ecology 2005, 74:77-85.
130. Twomey E., Mulcahy M.F. Epizootiological aspects of a sarcoma in the cockle Cerastoderma edule. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 1988, 5:225-238.
131. Van Banning P. Control of Bonamia in Dutch oyster culture. Fish Shellfish Pathology 1985, 393-396. Academic Press, London. A.E. Ellis (Ed.).
132. van der Graaf S., de Vlas J., Herlyn M., Voss J., Heyer K., Drent J. Macrozoobenthos. Wadden Sea Ecosystem 2009, No. 25. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
133. Van der Veer H.W., Feller R.J., Weber A., Witte J.I.J. Importance of predation by crustaceans upon bivalve spat in the intertidal zone of the Dutch Wadden Sea as revealed by immunological assays of gut contents. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology 1998, 231:139-157.
134. Vezzulli L., Previati M., Pruzzo C., Marchese A., Bourne D.G., Cerrano C., VibrioSea C. Vibrio infections triggering mass mortality events in a warming Mediterranean Sea. Environmental Microbiology 2010, 12:2007-2019.
135. Villalba A., Carballal M.J., López C. Disseminated neoplasia and large foci indicating heavy haemocytic infiltration in cockles Cerastoderma edule from Galicia (NW Spain). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2001, 46:213-216.
136. Watermann B.T., Herlyn M., Daehne B., Bergmann S., Meemken M., Kolodzey H. Pathology and mass mortality of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), in 2005 at the East Frisian coast, Germany. Journal of Fish Diseases 2008, 31:621-630.
137. Werding B. Morphologie, Entwicklung und Ökologie digener Trematoden-Larven der Strandschnecke Littorina littorea. Marine Biology 1969, 3:306-333.
138. Werner E.E., Peacor S.D. A review of trait-mediated indirect interactions in ecological communities. Ecology 2003, 84:1083-1100.
139. Williams R.J. Network3D Software 2010, Microsoft Research, Cambridge, UK.
140. Wood M.J. Parasites entangled in food webs. Trends in Parasitology 2007, 23:8-10.
141. Yoon I., Williams R.J., Levine E., Yoon S., Dunne J.A., Martinez N.D. Webs on the Web (WoW): 3D visualization of ecological networks on the WWW for collaborative research and education. Proceedings of the IS&T/SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging, Visualization and Data Analysis 2004, 5295:124-132.