메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 790-898

Monocular and Binocular Subjective Refraction

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84882520500     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-7506-7524-6.50025-9     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (14)

References (220)
  • 1
    • 0027394934 scopus 로고
    • Serial spatial filters in vision
    • Chen B, Makous W, Williams DR Serial spatial filters in vision. Vis Res 1993, 33:413-427.
    • (1993) Vis Res , vol.33 , pp. 413-427
    • Chen, B.1    Makous, W.2    Williams, D.R.3
  • 2
    • 0028672039 scopus 로고
    • Double-pass and interferometric measures of the optical quality of the eye
    • Williams DR, Brainard DH, McMahon MJ, Navarro R Double-pass and interferometric measures of the optical quality of the eye. J Opt Soc Am 1994, 11:3123-3135.
    • (1994) J Opt Soc Am , vol.11 , pp. 3123-3135
    • Williams, D.R.1    Brainard, D.H.2    McMahon, M.J.3    Navarro, R.4
  • 3
    • 4444370051 scopus 로고
    • Monocular subjective refraction.
    • JB Lippincott., Philadelphia, J.B. Eskridge, J.B. Amos, J.D. Bartlett (Eds.)
    • Polasky M Monocular subjective refraction. Clinical Procedures in Optometry 1991, 174-188. JB Lippincott., Philadelphia. J.B. Eskridge, J.B. Amos, J.D. Bartlett (Eds.).
    • (1991) Clinical Procedures in Optometry , pp. 174-188
    • Polasky, M.1
  • 4
    • 84882649175 scopus 로고
    • Subjective methods of refraction.
    • CV Mosby., 3rd ed. St. Louis, D.M. Michaels (Ed.)
    • Michaels DM Subjective methods of refraction. Visual Optics and Refraction 1985, 316-334. CV Mosby., St. Louis. 3rd ed. D.M. Michaels (Ed.).
    • (1985) Visual Optics and Refraction , pp. 316-334
    • Michaels, D.M.1
  • 5
    • 84882616815 scopus 로고
    • Subjective refraction.
    • Butterworths, London, A.G. Bennett, R.B. Rabbetts (Eds.)
    • Bennett AG, Rabbetts RB Subjective refraction. Clinical Visual Optics, Ch 6 1984, 95-117. Butterworths, London. A.G. Bennett, R.B. Rabbetts (Eds.).
    • (1984) Clinical Visual Optics, Ch 6 , pp. 95-117
    • Bennett, A.G.1    Rabbetts, R.B.2
  • 6
    • 80455138050 scopus 로고
    • Subjective testing. Chapter 17.
    • Professional Press., 3rd ed. Chicago, I.M. Borish (Ed.)
    • Borish IM Subjective testing. Chapter 17. Clinical Refraction 1970, 715-803. Professional Press., Chicago. 3rd ed. I.M. Borish (Ed.).
    • (1970) Clinical Refraction , pp. 715-803
    • Borish, I.M.1
  • 8
    • 0023428432 scopus 로고
    • An objective assessment of the effect of fogging on accommodation
    • Ward PA, Charman WN An objective assessment of the effect of fogging on accommodation. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1987, 64:762-767.
    • (1987) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.64 , pp. 762-767
    • Ward, P.A.1    Charman, W.N.2
  • 9
    • 84882661758 scopus 로고
    • The utility of fogging for relaxing accommodation
    • Ward PA The utility of fogging for relaxing accommodation. Optician 1987, 194:19-26.
    • (1987) Optician , vol.194 , pp. 19-26
    • Ward, P.A.1
  • 10
    • 77049191735 scopus 로고
    • Variations in convergence and accommodation induced by successive spherical lens additions with distance fixation-An investigation
    • Flom MC Variations in convergence and accommodation induced by successive spherical lens additions with distance fixation-An investigation. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1955, 32:111-136.
    • (1955) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.32 , pp. 111-136
    • Flom, M.C.1
  • 11
    • 0025159741 scopus 로고
    • Physiological pseudomyopia
    • Jones R Physiological pseudomyopia. Optom Vis Sci 1990, 67:614-616.
    • (1990) Optom Vis Sci , vol.67 , pp. 614-616
    • Jones, R.1
  • 12
    • 0026212226 scopus 로고
    • Relation between spherical refraction error and visual acuity
    • Smith G Relation between spherical refraction error and visual acuity. Optom Vis Sci 1991, 68:591-598.
    • (1991) Optom Vis Sci , vol.68 , pp. 591-598
    • Smith, G.1
  • 14
    • 0040860240 scopus 로고
    • A dozen worthwhile points in ocular refraction
    • Sheard C A dozen worthwhile points in ocular refraction. Am J Physiol Opt 1923, 4:443.
    • (1923) Am J Physiol Opt , vol.4 , pp. 443
    • Sheard, C.1
  • 15
    • 0013922781 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of four-ball cylinder test, Jackson cross cylinder test, and near cylinder test
    • Adams RL, Kadet TC, White DM Comparative study of four-ball cylinder test, Jackson cross cylinder test, and near cylinder test. J Am Optom Assoc 1966, 37:547-549.
    • (1966) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.37 , pp. 547-549
    • Adams, R.L.1    Kadet, T.C.2    White, D.M.3
  • 16
    • 84882734027 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of ophthalmic lenses.
    • Butterworth., Stoneham, MA, T.E. Fannin, T. Grosvenor (Eds.)
    • Fannin TE, Grosvenor T Characteristics of ophthalmic lenses. Clinical Optics 1987, 25-59. Butterworth., Stoneham, MA. T.E. Fannin, T. Grosvenor (Eds.).
    • (1987) Clinical Optics , pp. 25-59
    • Fannin, T.E.1    Grosvenor, T.2
  • 17
    • 0003750493 scopus 로고
    • Determination of axis and amount of astigmatic error by rotation of trial cylinder
    • Linksz A Determination of axis and amount of astigmatic error by rotation of trial cylinder. Arch Ophthalmol 1942, 28:632-651.
    • (1942) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.28 , pp. 632-651
    • Linksz, A.1
  • 18
    • 0039240157 scopus 로고
    • Cross cylinder tests-Meridional balance technique
    • 35
    • Pascal JI Cross cylinder tests-Meridional balance technique. Opt J Rev Optom 1950, 87(18):31-33. 35.
    • (1950) Opt J Rev Optom , vol.87 , Issue.18 , pp. 31-33
    • Pascal, J.I.1
  • 19
  • 20
    • 0027598575 scopus 로고
    • The Jackson cross-cylinder: Historical perspective
    • Brookman KE The Jackson cross-cylinder: Historical perspective. J Am Optom Assoc 1993, 64:329-331.
    • (1993) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.64 , pp. 329-331
    • Brookman, K.E.1
  • 21
    • 0004951610 scopus 로고
    • Photographing cross cylinder tests
    • Crisp WH Photographing cross cylinder tests. Am J Ophthalmol 1943, 26:758-760.
    • (1943) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.26 , pp. 758-760
    • Crisp, W.H.1
  • 22
    • 0019908823 scopus 로고
    • Mounted cross-cylinder: A new mounted Jackson cross-cylinder
    • Perlstein SH Mounted cross-cylinder: A new mounted Jackson cross-cylinder. Ann Ophthalmol 1982, 14:992.
    • (1982) Ann Ophthalmol , vol.14 , pp. 992
    • Perlstein, S.H.1
  • 23
    • 0023037647 scopus 로고
    • The Jackson cross cylinder, a reappraisal
    • Del Priore LV, Guyton DL The Jackson cross cylinder, a reappraisal. Ophthalmology 1986, 93:1461-1465.
    • (1986) Ophthalmology , vol.93 , pp. 1461-1465
    • Del Priore, L.V.1    Guyton, D.L.2
  • 25
    • 70449155551 scopus 로고
    • A homokonic cross cylinder for refractive procedures
    • Haynes PR A homokonic cross cylinder for refractive procedures. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1957, 34:478-485.
    • (1957) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.34 , pp. 478-485
    • Haynes, P.R.1
  • 26
    • 70449214971 scopus 로고
    • Configuration and orientation of test patterns used with the homokonic cross cylinder for measurement of astigmatism
    • Haynes PR Configuration and orientation of test patterns used with the homokonic cross cylinder for measurement of astigmatism. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1958, 35:637-643.
    • (1958) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.35 , pp. 637-643
    • Haynes, P.R.1
  • 27
    • 0020373640 scopus 로고
    • The American Optical SR-IV programmed subjective refractor: Principles of design and operation
    • Guyton DL The American Optical SR-IV programmed subjective refractor: Principles of design and operation. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1982, 59:800-814.
    • (1982) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.59 , pp. 800-814
    • Guyton, D.L.1
  • 28
    • 84882605418 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity variations in the Jackson crossed cylinder axis test
    • Carter JH Sensitivity variations in the Jackson crossed cylinder axis test. Optom Weekly 1966, 57(28):29-32.
    • (1966) Optom Weekly , vol.57 , Issue.28 , pp. 29-32
    • Carter, J.H.1
  • 29
    • 84939104781 scopus 로고
    • Effect of cross-cylinder power on cylinder axis sensitivity
    • O'Leary DJ, Yang PH, Yeo CH Effect of cross-cylinder power on cylinder axis sensitivity. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1987, 64:367-369.
    • (1987) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.64 , pp. 367-369
    • O'Leary, D.J.1    Yang, P.H.2    Yeo, C.H.3
  • 30
    • 0004982224 scopus 로고
    • A possible fallacy in the use of the cross cylinder
    • Williamson-Noble FA A possible fallacy in the use of the cross cylinder. Br J Ophthalmol 1943, 27:1-12.
    • (1943) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.27 , pp. 1-12
    • Williamson-Noble, F.A.1
  • 31
    • 28244433875 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the crossed-cylinder
    • Freeman H, Purdum G An analysis of the crossed-cylinder. Optician 1950, 120:375-380.
    • (1950) Optician , vol.120 , pp. 375-380
    • Freeman, H.1    Purdum, G.2
  • 32
    • 84882651024 scopus 로고
    • The correction of low astigmatism
    • Warman JR The correction of low astigmatism. Optician 1950, 119:429-432.
    • (1950) Optician , vol.119 , pp. 429-432
    • Warman, J.R.1
  • 33
    • 84882597986 scopus 로고
    • Bichromatic methods and near vision refraction
    • Freeman H Bichromatic methods and near vision refraction. Opt J Rev Optom 1954, 91(16):27-32.
    • (1954) Opt J Rev Optom , vol.91 , Issue.16 , pp. 27-32
    • Freeman, H.1
  • 34
    • 84937088818 scopus 로고
    • Small targets in cross-cylinder astigmatic testing
    • Harwood LW Small targets in cross-cylinder astigmatic testing. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1971, 48:153-155.
    • (1971) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.48 , pp. 153-155
    • Harwood, L.W.1
  • 35
    • 0037842516 scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in techniques for measuring astigmatism
    • Bannon RE Recent developments in techniques for measuring astigmatism. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1958, 35:352-359.
    • (1958) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.35 , pp. 352-359
    • Bannon, R.E.1
  • 36
    • 84882717261 scopus 로고
    • The V test for astigmatism
    • Pascal JI The V test for astigmatism. Opt J Rev Optom 1952, 89(4):35-36.
    • (1952) Opt J Rev Optom , vol.89 , Issue.4 , pp. 35-36
    • Pascal, J.I.1
  • 37
    • 34447540430 scopus 로고
    • Scope and significance of the accommodative unit
    • Pascal JI Scope and significance of the accommodative unit. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1952, 29:113-128.
    • (1952) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.29 , pp. 113-128
    • Pascal, J.I.1
  • 38
    • 84882732774 scopus 로고
    • Subjective testing of refraction. Volume 1: Optics & Refraction
    • Gower Medical Publishing., New York, D. Miller, M. Podos, M. Yanoff (Eds.)
    • Borish IM Subjective testing of refraction. Volume 1: Optics & Refraction. Textbook of Ophthalmology 1991, 1-32. Gower Medical Publishing., New York. D. Miller, M. Podos, M. Yanoff (Eds.).
    • (1991) Textbook of Ophthalmology , pp. 1-32
    • Borish, I.M.1
  • 39
    • 84882715530 scopus 로고
    • A new subjective test for astigmatic error
    • Campbell CE A new subjective test for astigmatic error. Optom Monthly 1978, 69:639-643.
    • (1978) Optom Monthly , vol.69 , pp. 639-643
    • Campbell, C.E.1
  • 40
    • 84882681705 scopus 로고
    • The Matsuura auto cross
    • Matsuura TT The Matsuura auto cross. Optom Weekly 1961, 52:2153-2156.
    • (1961) Optom Weekly , vol.52 , pp. 2153-2156
    • Matsuura, T.T.1
  • 41
    • 0014098365 scopus 로고
    • The cross-cylinder Simultans test
    • Biessels WJ The cross-cylinder Simultans test. J Am Optom Assoc 1967, 38:473-476.
    • (1967) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.38 , pp. 473-476
    • Biessels, W.J.1
  • 42
    • 84882631257 scopus 로고
    • A systematic method of trial frame subjective refraction
    • Brooks CW A systematic method of trial frame subjective refraction. Optom Monthly 1982, 73:433-438.
    • (1982) Optom Monthly , vol.73 , pp. 433-438
    • Brooks, C.W.1
  • 43
    • 0025503820 scopus 로고
    • Monocular simultaneous refraction
    • LeVine ML Monocular simultaneous refraction. J Am Optom Assoc 1990, 61:745-748.
    • (1990) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.61 , pp. 745-748
    • LeVine, M.L.1
  • 44
    • 0014316067 scopus 로고
    • Hints on refraction
    • Goar EL Hints on refraction. Texas Med 1968, 64(8):30-31.
    • (1968) Texas Med , vol.64 , Issue.8 , pp. 30-31
    • Goar, E.L.1
  • 45
    • 77049283773 scopus 로고
    • A resumé of cross cylinder application and theory
    • Egan JA A resumé of cross cylinder application and theory. Surv Ophthalmol 1956, 1:513-529.
    • (1956) Surv Ophthalmol , vol.1 , pp. 513-529
    • Egan, J.A.1
  • 47
    • 84882680719 scopus 로고
    • Some observations on crossed cylinders
    • Smart FP Some observations on crossed cylinders. Arch Ophthalmol 1940, 24:999-1000.
    • (1940) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.24 , pp. 999-1000
    • Smart, F.P.1
  • 48
    • 4444260130 scopus 로고
    • Working method-Subjective refraction
    • Freeman H Working method-Subjective refraction. Br J Physiol Opt 1955, 12:20-30.
    • (1955) Br J Physiol Opt , vol.12 , pp. 20-30
    • Freeman, H.1
  • 49
    • 33847441295 scopus 로고
    • A critical analysis of bichromatic tests used in clinical refraction
    • 213
    • Davies PHO A critical analysis of bichromatic tests used in clinical refraction. Br J Physiol Opt 1957, 14:170-182. 213.
    • (1957) Br J Physiol Opt , vol.14 , pp. 170-182
    • Davies, P.H.O.1
  • 50
    • 84882670982 scopus 로고
    • The causes of bichromatic test failure
    • Mandell RB, Allen MJ The causes of bichromatic test failure. J Am Optom Assoc 1960, 31:531-533.
    • (1960) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.31 , pp. 531-533
    • Mandell, R.B.1    Allen, M.J.2
  • 51
    • 84882571262 scopus 로고
    • Subjective testing
    • Borish IM Subjective testing. Indiana Optometrist 1946, 18(6):5-8.
    • (1946) Indiana Optometrist , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 5-8
    • Borish, I.M.1
  • 52
    • 84882585989 scopus 로고
    • The correction of astigmatism for near work
    • Hofstetter HW The correction of astigmatism for near work. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1945, 22:121-134.
    • (1945) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.22 , pp. 121-134
    • Hofstetter, H.W.1
  • 54
    • 84882697227 scopus 로고
    • Considerations of criteria of blur with respect to their use in the routine eye examination
    • Allen MJ Considerations of criteria of blur with respect to their use in the routine eye examination. The O-Eye-O 1950, 16(3):10-16.
    • (1950) The O-Eye-O , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 10-16
    • Allen, M.J.1
  • 55
    • 84882734317 scopus 로고
    • The trial case and optometry
    • Fisher EJ The trial case and optometry. Optom Weekly 1966, 57(28):33-36.
    • (1966) Optom Weekly , vol.57 , Issue.28 , pp. 33-36
    • Fisher, E.J.1
  • 57
    • 84882535572 scopus 로고
    • Optometric determination of balanced binocular refraction corrections
    • Goodwin HE Optometric determination of balanced binocular refraction corrections. Optom Weekly 1966, 57(28):47-53.
    • (1966) Optom Weekly , vol.57 , Issue.28 , pp. 47-53
    • Goodwin, H.E.1
  • 58
    • 31944440484 scopus 로고
    • Aniseikonia-A clinical report covering a ten year period
    • Bannon RE, Triller W Aniseikonia-A clinical report covering a ten year period. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1944, 21:171-182.
    • (1944) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.21 , pp. 171-182
    • Bannon, R.E.1    Triller, W.2
  • 59
    • 39349100593 scopus 로고
    • The effect of aniseikonia on the amplitude of vertical divergence
    • Ellerbrock VJ The effect of aniseikonia on the amplitude of vertical divergence. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1952, 29:403-415.
    • (1952) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.29 , pp. 403-415
    • Ellerbrock, V.J.1
  • 60
    • 0041150691 scopus 로고
    • Part II, The optical space sense.
    • Academic Press, New York, H. Davson (Ed.)
    • Ogle KN Part II, The optical space sense. The Eye 1962, IV:211-417. Academic Press, New York. H. Davson (Ed.).
    • (1962) The Eye , vol.4 , pp. 211-417
    • Ogle, K.N.1
  • 62
    • 0012993495 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of accommodation between the two eyes
    • Campbell FW Correlation of accommodation between the two eyes. J Opt Soc Am 1960, 50:738.
    • (1960) J Opt Soc Am , vol.50 , pp. 738
    • Campbell, F.W.1
  • 64
    • 0021341509 scopus 로고
    • Binocular balance validity: A comparison of five different subjective techniques
    • West D, Somers WW Binocular balance validity: A comparison of five different subjective techniques. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 1984, 4:155-159.
    • (1984) Ophthalmic Physiol Opt , vol.4 , pp. 155-159
    • West, D.1    Somers, W.W.2
  • 65
    • 0013961792 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of methods for the determination of binocular refractive balance
    • Gentsch LW, Goodwin HE A comparison of methods for the determination of binocular refractive balance. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1966, 43:658-663.
    • (1966) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.43 , pp. 658-663
    • Gentsch, L.W.1    Goodwin, H.E.2
  • 66
    • 0000615327 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing accommodation responses of the human eye
    • Campbell FW, Westheimer G Factors influencing accommodation responses of the human eye. J Opt Soc Am 1959, 49:568-571.
    • (1959) J Opt Soc Am , vol.49 , pp. 568-571
    • Campbell, F.W.1    Westheimer, G.2
  • 67
    • 0040414443 scopus 로고
    • Accommodation reflex
    • Campbell FW Accommodation reflex. Br Orthopt J 1954, 11:13-17.
    • (1954) Br Orthopt J , vol.11 , pp. 13-17
    • Campbell, F.W.1
  • 68
    • 15044350297 scopus 로고
    • Fogging lenses: Differential acuity response in the two eyes
    • Flom MC, Goodwin HC Fogging lenses: Differential acuity response in the two eyes. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1964, 41:388-392.
    • (1964) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.41 , pp. 388-392
    • Flom, M.C.1    Goodwin, H.C.2
  • 69
    • 0024440592 scopus 로고
    • Visual acuity outcome in isometric hyperopia
    • Fern KD Visual acuity outcome in isometric hyperopia. Optom Vis Sci 1989, 66:649-658.
    • (1989) Optom Vis Sci , vol.66 , pp. 649-658
    • Fern, K.D.1
  • 70
    • 0027378704 scopus 로고
    • Depth of anisometropic amblyopia and difference in refraction
    • Townshend AM, Holmes JM, Evans LS Depth of anisometropic amblyopia and difference in refraction. Am J Ophthalmol 1993, 116:431-436.
    • (1993) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.116 , pp. 431-436
    • Townshend, A.M.1    Holmes, J.M.2    Evans, L.S.3
  • 71
  • 72
    • 84882650119 scopus 로고
    • Binocular refraction-A survey of various techniques
    • Bannon RE Binocular refraction-A survey of various techniques. Optom Weekly 1965, 56(31):25-31.
    • (1965) Optom Weekly , vol.56 , Issue.31 , pp. 25-31
    • Bannon, R.E.1
  • 73
    • 0001025738 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the superiority of binocular over monocular visual acuity
    • Horowitz MW An analysis of the superiority of binocular over monocular visual acuity. J Exp Psychol 1949, 39:581-597.
    • (1949) J Exp Psychol , vol.39 , pp. 581-597
    • Horowitz, M.W.1
  • 74
    • 84882591898 scopus 로고
    • Binocular refraction-A new system
    • Grolman BE Binocular refraction-A new system. N Engl J Optom 1966, 17:118-130.
    • (1966) N Engl J Optom , vol.17 , pp. 118-130
    • Grolman, B.E.1
  • 75
    • 44949267468 scopus 로고
    • Binocular refraction: When is it clinically advantageous?
    • Amos JE Binocular refraction: When is it clinically advantageous?. Clin Eye Vis Care 1990, 2:79-81.
    • (1990) Clin Eye Vis Care , vol.2 , pp. 79-81
    • Amos, J.E.1
  • 76
    • 84882620701 scopus 로고
    • The estimation of the total refractive error without a cycloplegic
    • Smith D The estimation of the total refractive error without a cycloplegic. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otol 1930, 35:101-127.
    • (1930) Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otol , vol.35 , pp. 101-127
    • Smith, D.1
  • 77
    • 84882572052 scopus 로고
    • Binocular refraction with cross cylinder technic
    • Sugar HS Binocular refraction with cross cylinder technic. Arch Ophthalmol 1944, 31:34-42.
    • (1944) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.31 , pp. 34-42
    • Sugar, H.S.1
  • 78
    • 0347715077 scopus 로고
    • The refraction of binocular vision
    • 997-1001
    • Humphriss D The refraction of binocular vision. Ophthalmic Opt 1963, 3:987-990. 997-1001.
    • (1963) Ophthalmic Opt , vol.3 , pp. 987-990
    • Humphriss, D.1
  • 79
    • 84882590656 scopus 로고
    • Binocular vision technique-The psychological septum
    • Humphriss D Binocular vision technique-The psychological septum. Opt J Rev Optom 1962, 99:19-21.
    • (1962) Opt J Rev Optom , vol.99 , pp. 19-21
    • Humphriss, D.1
  • 80
    • 0019947275 scopus 로고
    • The psychological sepum. An investigation into its function
    • Humphriss D The psychological sepum. An investigation into its function. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1982, 59:639-641.
    • (1982) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.59 , pp. 639-641
    • Humphriss, D.1
  • 81
    • 69249219345 scopus 로고
    • On accuracy of accommodation
    • Mark HH On accuracy of accommodation. Br J Ophthalmol 1962, 46:742-744.
    • (1962) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.46 , pp. 742-744
    • Mark, H.H.1
  • 82
    • 84882660990 scopus 로고
    • The investigation of oculomotor imbalance
    • 654
    • Mallett RFJ The investigation of oculomotor imbalance. Ophthalmic Opt 1966, 6:586. 654.
    • (1966) Ophthalmic Opt , vol.6 , pp. 586
    • Mallett, R.F.J.1
  • 84
    • 78650997845 scopus 로고
    • The Turville Infinity binocular balance test
    • Morgan MW The Turville Infinity binocular balance test. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1949, 26:231-239.
    • (1949) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.26 , pp. 231-239
    • Morgan, M.W.1
  • 85
    • 11244301452 scopus 로고
    • The Turville infinity binocular balance test
    • Morgan MW The Turville infinity binocular balance test. J Am Optom Assoc 1960, 31:447-450.
    • (1960) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.31 , pp. 447-450
    • Morgan, M.W.1
  • 86
    • 84882670817 scopus 로고
    • The Freeman near-vision unit
    • Freeman H The Freeman near-vision unit. Optician 1953, 126:453-457.
    • (1953) Optician , vol.126 , pp. 453-457
    • Freeman, H.1
  • 88
    • 77049177026 scopus 로고
    • A fovea lock for infinity balance
    • Banks RF A fovea lock for infinity balance. Br J Physiol Opt 1954, 11:216-225.
    • (1954) Br J Physiol Opt , vol.11 , pp. 216-225
    • Banks, R.F.1
  • 89
    • 70449282573 scopus 로고
    • Binocular refraction, a simplified clinical routine
    • Cowen L Binocular refraction, a simplified clinical routine. Br J Physiol Opt 1955, 16:60-82.
    • (1955) Br J Physiol Opt , vol.16 , pp. 60-82
    • Cowen, L.1
  • 90
    • 84882719297 scopus 로고
    • The Leland refractor, a method for refraction under binocular conditions
    • Van Wien S The Leland refractor, a method for refraction under binocular conditions. Arch Ophthalmol 1940, 23:104-111.
    • (1940) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.23 , pp. 104-111
    • Van Wien, S.1
  • 91
    • 76549232201 scopus 로고
    • Binocular subjective refraction with the Polaroid occluder
    • Norman SL Binocular subjective refraction with the Polaroid occluder. Optom Weekly 1950, 41:1657-1660.
    • (1950) Optom Weekly , vol.41 , pp. 1657-1660
    • Norman, S.L.1
  • 92
    • 28244467810 scopus 로고
    • Infinity balance and near balance by polarization
    • Wilmut EB Infinity balance and near balance by polarization. Optician 1951, 122(3148):37-43.
    • (1951) Optician , vol.122 , Issue.3148 , pp. 37-43
    • Wilmut, E.B.1
  • 93
    • 84882675361 scopus 로고
    • Binocular comparison with polarised charts
    • Dowdeswell JL Binocular comparison with polarised charts. Optician 1952, 124(3205):167-170.
    • (1952) Optician , vol.124 , Issue.3205 , pp. 167-170
    • Dowdeswell, J.L.1
  • 94
    • 72449160106 scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of retinoscopic and subjective refraction
    • Freeman H, Hodd FAB Comparative analysis of retinoscopic and subjective refraction. Br J Physiol Opt 1955, 12:8-36.
    • (1955) Br J Physiol Opt , vol.12 , pp. 8-36
    • Freeman, H.1    Hodd, F.A.B.2
  • 95
    • 84882690403 scopus 로고
    • Binocular refraction and measurement of phorias for distance and near vision
    • Osterberg H Binocular refraction and measurement of phorias for distance and near vision. Optica Int 1964, 1(1):20-36.
    • (1964) Optica Int , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-36
    • Osterberg, H.1
  • 96
    • 84882645910 scopus 로고
    • Bichromatic technique for distance and near refraction
    • Freeman H Bichromatic technique for distance and near refraction. Optician 1956, 132:497-503.
    • (1956) Optician , vol.132 , pp. 497-503
    • Freeman, H.1
  • 97
    • 0001301638 scopus 로고
    • Binocular testing and distance correction with the Berlin Polatest
    • Baldwin WR Binocular testing and distance correction with the Berlin Polatest. J Am Optom Assoc 1962, 34:115-125.
    • (1962) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.34 , pp. 115-125
    • Baldwin, W.R.1
  • 98
    • 84882596662 scopus 로고
    • Complete determination of eyeglasses with the Polatest
    • [translation of]
    • Haase HJ Complete determination of eyeglasses with the Polatest. Werkzeitschrift 1961, 39:8-10. [translation of].
    • (1961) Werkzeitschrift , vol.39 , pp. 8-10
    • Haase, H.J.1
  • 99
    • 84882679316 scopus 로고
    • Natural color stereoscopic refraction
    • Frantz DA Natural color stereoscopic refraction. J Am Optom Assoc 1956, 30:471-476.
    • (1956) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.30 , pp. 471-476
    • Frantz, D.A.1
  • 102
    • 84882646460 scopus 로고
    • Rationale for binocular refraction
    • Eskridge JB Rationale for binocular refraction. N Engl J Optom 1971, 22:160-166.
    • (1971) N Engl J Optom , vol.22 , pp. 160-166
    • Eskridge, J.B.1
  • 103
    • 84882593975 scopus 로고
    • Plus acceptance in binocular refraction
    • Norman SL Plus acceptance in binocular refraction. Optom Weekly 1953, 44:45-46.
    • (1953) Optom Weekly , vol.44 , pp. 45-46
    • Norman, S.L.1
  • 104
    • 70449194135 scopus 로고
    • Use of Turville subjective technique in a case of anisometropia and pseudo-amblyopia
    • Brungardt TF Use of Turville subjective technique in a case of anisometropia and pseudo-amblyopia. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1958, 35:37-38.
    • (1958) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.35 , pp. 37-38
    • Brungardt, T.F.1
  • 105
    • 0342698940 scopus 로고
    • Centricity of Maxwell's spot in strabismus and amblyopia
    • Flom MC, Weymouth FW Centricity of Maxwell's spot in strabismus and amblyopia. Arch Ophthalmol 1961, 66:260-268.
    • (1961) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.66 , pp. 260-268
    • Flom, M.C.1    Weymouth, F.W.2
  • 106
    • 84882681992 scopus 로고
    • Locating the astigmatic axes under binocular fixation.
    • Riggs Optical Company., Chicago
    • Copeland JC Locating the astigmatic axes under binocular fixation. Ten Years of Optical Developments 1942, Riggs Optical Company., Chicago.
    • (1942) Ten Years of Optical Developments
    • Copeland, J.C.1
  • 107
    • 5844252327 scopus 로고
    • Vertical Deviations. Chapter 17
    • Butterworth Publishers, Stoneham, MA, J.F. Amos (Ed.)
    • Amos JF, Rutstein RP Vertical Deviations. Chapter 17. Diagnosis and Management in Vision Care 1987, 515-583. Butterworth Publishers, Stoneham, MA. J.F. Amos (Ed.).
    • (1987) Diagnosis and Management in Vision Care , pp. 515-583
    • Amos, J.F.1    Rutstein, R.P.2
  • 108
    • 28244434741 scopus 로고
    • Hyperphoria, a statistical study
    • Scobee RG, Bennett EA Hyperphoria, a statistical study. Arch Ophthalmol 1950, 43:458-465.
    • (1950) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.43 , pp. 458-465
    • Scobee, R.G.1    Bennett, E.A.2
  • 109
    • 50349110622 scopus 로고
    • Binocular refraction
    • Miles PW Binocular refraction. Am J Ophthalmol 1948, 31:1460-1466.
    • (1948) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.31 , pp. 1460-1466
    • Miles, P.W.1
  • 110
    • 0025286665 scopus 로고
    • Effect of cyclodeviations on the axis of astigmatism
    • Rutstein RP, Eskridge JB Effect of cyclodeviations on the axis of astigmatism. Optom Vis Sci 1990, 67:80-83.
    • (1990) Optom Vis Sci , vol.67 , pp. 80-83
    • Rutstein, R.P.1    Eskridge, J.B.2
  • 111
    • 0342573257 scopus 로고
    • Binocular refraction-Fixation disparity
    • Grolman BE Binocular refraction-Fixation disparity. Optician 1971, 162(4195):16-19.
    • (1971) Optician , vol.162 , Issue.4195 , pp. 16-19
    • Grolman, B.E.1
  • 112
    • 77049174716 scopus 로고
    • The results of prescribing prism from the Turville test
    • Elvin FT The results of prescribing prism from the Turville test. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1954, 31:308-314.
    • (1954) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.31 , pp. 308-314
    • Elvin, F.T.1
  • 113
  • 114
    • 84882652723 scopus 로고
    • Comments about subjective refraction and the importance of reliable communication
    • Borish IM Comments about subjective refraction and the importance of reliable communication. J Am Optom Assoc 1960, 31:457-462.
    • (1960) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.31 , pp. 457-462
    • Borish, I.M.1
  • 115
    • 50449143300 scopus 로고
    • Psychologic factors in refraction
    • Presberg MH Psychologic factors in refraction. Am J Ophthalmol 1955, 39:567-569.
    • (1955) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.39 , pp. 567-569
    • Presberg, M.H.1
  • 116
    • 67651147705 scopus 로고
    • Binocular refraction.
    • JB Lippincott, Philadelphia, J.B. Eskridge, J.F. Amos, J.D. Bartlett (Eds.)
    • Amos JF Binocular refraction. Clinical Procedures in Optometry, Ch 19 1991, 189-193. JB Lippincott, Philadelphia. J.B. Eskridge, J.F. Amos, J.D. Bartlett (Eds.).
    • (1991) Clinical Procedures in Optometry, Ch 19 , pp. 189-193
    • Amos, J.F.1
  • 117
    • 84882691435 scopus 로고
    • Near subjective refraction.
    • JB Lippincott, Philadelphia, J.B. Eskridge, J.F. Amos, J.D. Bartlett (Eds.)
    • Amos JF Near subjective refraction. Clinical Procedures in Optometry, Ch 20 1991, 194-197. JB Lippincott, Philadelphia. J.B. Eskridge, J.F. Amos, J.D. Bartlett (Eds.).
    • (1991) Clinical Procedures in Optometry, Ch 20 , pp. 194-197
    • Amos, J.F.1
  • 118
    • 84882679131 scopus 로고
    • Comments on a "delayed" subjective test
    • Borish IM Comments on a "delayed" subjective test. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1945, 22:433-436.
    • (1945) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.22 , pp. 433-436
    • Borish, I.M.1
  • 119
    • 84872623086 scopus 로고
    • A suggested "dynamic" subjective test
    • Baxter NM A suggested "dynamic" subjective test. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1946, 23:80-82.
    • (1946) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.23 , pp. 80-82
    • Baxter, N.M.1
  • 120
    • 0242431436 scopus 로고
    • Errors in subjective refraction-An exploratory study
    • French CN, Jennings JAM Errors in subjective refraction-An exploratory study. Ophthalmol Opt 1974, 14:797-806.
    • (1974) Ophthalmol Opt , vol.14 , pp. 797-806
    • French, C.N.1    Jennings, J.A.M.2
  • 121
    • 0029115357 scopus 로고
    • Repeatability of subjective and objective refraction
    • Rosenfield M, Chiu NN Repeatability of subjective and objective refraction. Optom Vis Sci 1995, 72:577-579.
    • (1995) Optom Vis Sci , vol.72 , pp. 577-579
    • Rosenfield, M.1    Chiu, N.N.2
  • 122
    • 0026652930 scopus 로고
    • The repeatability of measurement of the ocular components
    • Zadnik K, Mutti DO, Adams AJ The repeatability of measurement of the ocular components. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992, 33:2325-2333.
    • (1992) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.33 , pp. 2325-2333
    • Zadnik, K.1    Mutti, D.O.2    Adams, A.J.3
  • 123
    • 0030255772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new subjective refraction method-The meridional polarized vernier optometer
    • Salmon TO, Horner DG A new subjective refraction method-The meridional polarized vernier optometer. J Am Optom Assoc 1996, 67:599-605.
    • (1996) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.67 , pp. 599-605
    • Salmon, T.O.1    Horner, D.G.2
  • 124
    • 0024463138 scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of refraction and visual acuity measurement under a standard protocol
    • The Maculo Photo Coagulation Group
    • Blackhurst DW, McGuire MG Reproducibility of refraction and visual acuity measurement under a standard protocol. Retina 1989, 9:163-169. The Maculo Photo Coagulation Group.
    • (1989) Retina , vol.9 , pp. 163-169
    • Blackhurst, D.W.1    McGuire, M.G.2
  • 125
    • 28244466093 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of errors in some methods of subjective refraction
    • 18
    • Jennings JAM, Charman WN A comparison of errors in some methods of subjective refraction. Ophthalmol Optician 1973, 13:8-11. 18.
    • (1973) Ophthalmol Optician , vol.13 , pp. 8-11
    • Jennings, J.A.M.1    Charman, W.N.2
  • 126
    • 0019982326 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of clinical refractive data obtained by three examiners
    • Perrigin J, Perrigin DM, Grosvenor T A comparison of clinical refractive data obtained by three examiners. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1982, 59:515-519.
    • (1982) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.59 , pp. 515-519
    • Perrigin, J.1    Perrigin, D.M.2    Grosvenor, T.3
  • 128
    • 0030254444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of three subjective tests for astigmatism and their interexaminer reliabilities
    • Johnson BL, Edwards JS, Goss DA, et al. A comparison of three subjective tests for astigmatism and their interexaminer reliabilities. J Am Optom Assoc 1996, 67:590-597.
    • (1996) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.67 , pp. 590-597
    • Johnson, B.L.1    Edwards, J.S.2    Goss, D.A.3
  • 129
    • 0030256690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of refraction-A literature review
    • Goss DA, Grosvenor T Reliability of refraction-A literature review. J Am Optom Assoc 1996, 67:619-630.
    • (1996) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.67 , pp. 619-630
    • Goss, D.A.1    Grosvenor, T.2
  • 131
    • 84882732693 scopus 로고
    • Modern developments in subjective refraction techniques
    • Turville AE Modern developments in subjective refraction techniques. Optics 1950, 90:1-10.
    • (1950) Optics , vol.90 , pp. 1-10
    • Turville, A.E.1
  • 132
    • 78650999482 scopus 로고
    • A simplified astigmometer
    • Lebensohn JE A simplified astigmometer. Am J Ophthalmol 1949, 32:1128-1130.
    • (1949) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.32 , pp. 1128-1130
    • Lebensohn, J.E.1
  • 133
    • 0011674543 scopus 로고
    • A new test for binocular refraction at the near-point working distance
    • Goodlaw E A new test for binocular refraction at the near-point working distance. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1961, 38:420-432.
    • (1961) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.38 , pp. 420-432
    • Goodlaw, E.1
  • 134
    • 0000597505 scopus 로고
    • New test charts for the measurement of visual acuity at far and near distances
    • Sloan LL New test charts for the measurement of visual acuity at far and near distances. Am J Ophthalmol 1959, 48(6):807-813.
    • (1959) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.48 , Issue.6 , pp. 807-813
    • Sloan, L.L.1
  • 135
    • 0017052413 scopus 로고
    • New design principles for visual acuity letter charts
    • Bailey IL, Lovie JE New design principles for visual acuity letter charts. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1976, 53:740-745.
    • (1976) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.53 , pp. 740-745
    • Bailey, I.L.1    Lovie, J.E.2
  • 136
    • 0007953064 scopus 로고
    • Astigmatic accommodation, Parts I and II
    • Fletcher RJ Astigmatic accommodation, Parts I and II. Br J Physiol Opt 1951, 8:73-94.
    • (1951) Br J Physiol Opt , vol.8 , pp. 73-94
    • Fletcher, R.J.1
  • 137
    • 0347177332 scopus 로고
    • Astigmatic accommodation, Part III
    • Fletcher RJ Astigmatic accommodation, Part III. Br J Physiol Opt 1951, 8:129-160.
    • (1951) Br J Physiol Opt , vol.8 , pp. 129-160
    • Fletcher, R.J.1
  • 138
    • 0347177333 scopus 로고
    • Astigmatic accommodation, Part IV
    • Fletcher RJ Astigmatic accommodation, Part IV. Br J Physiol Opt 1951, 8:193-214.
    • (1951) Br J Physiol Opt , vol.8 , pp. 193-214
    • Fletcher, R.J.1
  • 139
    • 0347177334 scopus 로고
    • Astigmatic accommodation, Part V
    • Fletcher RJ Astigmatic accommodation, Part V. Br J Physiol Opt 1952, 9:8-32.
    • (1952) Br J Physiol Opt , vol.9 , pp. 8-32
    • Fletcher, R.J.1
  • 141
    • 0011249282 scopus 로고
    • A study of astigmatism at the near point with special reference to astigmatic accommodation
    • Bannon RE A study of astigmatism at the near point with special reference to astigmatic accommodation. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1946, 23:53-75.
    • (1946) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.23 , pp. 53-75
    • Bannon, R.E.1
  • 142
    • 84882702946 scopus 로고
    • The refraction of astigmatism at the reading distance
    • 241
    • Humphriss D The refraction of astigmatism at the reading distance. Dioptric News 1951, 6(7):234-235. 241.
    • (1951) Dioptric News , vol.6 , Issue.7 , pp. 234-235
    • Humphriss, D.1
  • 143
    • 0018195857 scopus 로고
    • Refraction in oblique meridians of the astigmatic eye
    • Bennett AG, Rabbetts RB Refraction in oblique meridians of the astigmatic eye. Br J Physiol Opt 1978, 32:59-77.
    • (1978) Br J Physiol Opt , vol.32 , pp. 59-77
    • Bennett, A.G.1    Rabbetts, R.B.2
  • 144
    • 84882610104 scopus 로고
    • Changes in axis of astigmatism on accommodation
    • Hughes WL Changes in axis of astigmatism on accommodation. Arch Ophthalmol 1941, 26:742-749.
    • (1941) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.26 , pp. 742-749
    • Hughes, W.L.1
  • 145
    • 0015472343 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of astigmatism and cyclophoria in distance and near vision
    • Rabbetts RB A comparison of astigmatism and cyclophoria in distance and near vision. Br J Physiol Opt 1972, 27:161-190.
    • (1972) Br J Physiol Opt , vol.27 , pp. 161-190
    • Rabbetts, R.B.1
  • 146
    • 28244476465 scopus 로고
    • The Pascal-Raubitscheck test for astigmatism
    • Pascal JI The Pascal-Raubitscheck test for astigmatism. J Am Optom Assoc 1953, 25:491-495.
    • (1953) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.25 , pp. 491-495
    • Pascal, J.I.1
  • 147
    • 28244467937 scopus 로고
    • The Raubitschek arrow test for astigmatism
    • Raubitschek E The Raubitschek arrow test for astigmatism. Am J Ophthalmol 1952, 35:1334-1339.
    • (1952) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.35 , pp. 1334-1339
    • Raubitschek, E.1
  • 148
    • 84882616815 scopus 로고
    • Subjective refraction.
    • Butterworths, London, A.G. Bennett, R.B. Rabbetts (Eds.)
    • Bennett AG, Rabbetts RB Subjective refraction. Clinical Visual Optics, Ch 6 1984, 95-117. Butterworths, London. A.G. Bennett, R.B. Rabbetts (Eds.).
    • (1984) Clinical Visual Optics, Ch 6 , pp. 95-117
    • Bennett, A.G.1    Rabbetts, R.B.2
  • 149
    • 80455138050 scopus 로고
    • Subjective testing. Chapter 17
    • Professional Press., 3rd ed. Chicago, I.M. Borish (Ed.)
    • Borish IM Subjective testing. Chapter 17. Clinical Refraction 1970, 715-803. Professional Press., Chicago. 3rd ed. I.M. Borish (Ed.).
    • (1970) Clinical Refraction , pp. 715-803
    • Borish, I.M.1
  • 150
    • 84882675859 scopus 로고
    • The student clinician
    • Heath GG The student clinician. Indiana Optometrist 1959, 29(3):6-7.
    • (1959) Indiana Optometrist , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 6-7
    • Heath, G.G.1
  • 151
    • 0037842516 scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in techniques for measuring astigmatism
    • Bannon RE Recent developments in techniques for measuring astigmatism. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1958, 35:352-359.
    • (1958) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.35 , pp. 352-359
    • Bannon, R.E.1
  • 152
    • 0003750493 scopus 로고
    • Determination of axis and amount of astigmatic error by rotation of trial cylinder
    • Linksz A Determination of axis and amount of astigmatic error by rotation of trial cylinder. Arch Ophthalmol 1942, 28:632-651.
    • (1942) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.28 , pp. 632-651
    • Linksz, A.1
  • 153
    • 50449120929 scopus 로고
    • The head-tilt test for astigmatism
    • Posner A The head-tilt test for astigmatism. Am J Ophthalmol 1951, 34:1169-1170.
    • (1951) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.34 , pp. 1169-1170
    • Posner, A.1
  • 154
    • 84935314299 scopus 로고
    • Compensatory cyclo-torsion and visual acuity
    • Walton WG Compensatory cyclo-torsion and visual acuity. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1951, 28:84-86.
    • (1951) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.28 , pp. 84-86
    • Walton, W.G.1
  • 155
    • 84882650097 scopus 로고
    • The Jackson crossed cylinder, a critique
    • Friedman B The Jackson crossed cylinder, a critique. Arch Ophthalmol 1940, 24:490-499.
    • (1940) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.24 , pp. 490-499
    • Friedman, B.1
  • 156
  • 157
    • 50349133600 scopus 로고
    • A further, very delicate test for astigmatic axis using the cross cylinder with an astigmatic dial and without the use of a letter chart
    • Crisp WH, Stine GH A further, very delicate test for astigmatic axis using the cross cylinder with an astigmatic dial and without the use of a letter chart. Am J Ophthalmol 1949, 32:1065-1068.
    • (1949) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.32 , pp. 1065-1068
    • Crisp, W.H.1    Stine, G.H.2
  • 158
    • 50349106617 scopus 로고
    • The Crisp-Stine test for astigmatism and the Lebensohn astigmometer
    • Stine GH The Crisp-Stine test for astigmatism and the Lebensohn astigmometer. Am J Ophthalmol 1950, 33:1587-1590.
    • (1950) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.33 , pp. 1587-1590
    • Stine, G.H.1
  • 159
    • 84882717261 scopus 로고
    • The V test for astigmatism
    • Pascal JI The V test for astigmatism. Opt J Rev Optom 1952, 89(4):35-36.
    • (1952) Opt J Rev Optom , vol.89 , Issue.4 , pp. 35-36
    • Pascal, J.I.1
  • 160
    • 84882597583 scopus 로고
    • Refraction revisited
    • 22
    • Freeman P Refraction revisited. Optician 1992, 203:18. 22.
    • (1992) Optician , vol.203 , pp. 18
    • Freeman, P.1
  • 161
    • 84882597583 scopus 로고
    • Refraction revisited
    • 24
    • Freeman P Refraction revisited. Optician 1992, 204:21-22. 24.
    • (1992) Optician , vol.204 , pp. 21-22
    • Freeman, P.1
  • 162
    • 0004982224 scopus 로고
    • A possible fallacy in the use of the cross cylinder
    • Williamson-Noble FA A possible fallacy in the use of the cross cylinder. Br J Ophthalmol 1943, 27:1-12.
    • (1943) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.27 , pp. 1-12
    • Williamson-Noble, F.A.1
  • 163
    • 0014577832 scopus 로고
    • Cross cylinder scan test for astigmatism
    • Schwarting BH Cross cylinder scan test for astigmatism. Arch Opthalmol 1969, 82:330-331.
    • (1969) Arch Opthalmol , vol.82 , pp. 330-331
    • Schwarting, B.H.1
  • 164
    • 73049150935 scopus 로고
    • A new test for astigmatism-A preliminary report
    • Miller RG A new test for astigmatism-A preliminary report. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1961, 38:681-686.
    • (1961) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.38 , pp. 681-686
    • Miller, R.G.1
  • 166
    • 0013922781 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of four-ball cylinder test, Jackson cross cylinder test, and near cylinder test
    • Adams RL, Kadet TC, White DM Comparative study of four-ball cylinder test, Jackson cross cylinder test, and near cylinder test. J Am Optom Assoc 1966, 37:547-549.
    • (1966) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.37 , pp. 547-549
    • Adams, R.L.1    Kadet, T.C.2    White, D.M.3
  • 167
    • 0013934237 scopus 로고
    • Measuring ametropia with a gas laser
    • Knoll HA Measuring ametropia with a gas laser. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1966, 43:415-418.
    • (1966) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.43 , pp. 415-418
    • Knoll, H.A.1
  • 168
    • 84882637133 scopus 로고
    • New methods of subjective refraction involving techniques in static and in dynamic tests
    • Luckiesh M, Moss FK New methods of subjective refraction involving techniques in static and in dynamic tests. Arch Ophthalmol 1940, 23:941-956.
    • (1940) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.23 , pp. 941-956
    • Luckiesh, M.1    Moss, F.K.2
  • 171
    • 0016975358 scopus 로고
    • A remote subjective refractor employing continuously variable sphere-cylinder corrections
    • Humphrey WE A remote subjective refractor employing continuously variable sphere-cylinder corrections. Opt Engineering 1976, 15:286-291.
    • (1976) Opt Engineering , vol.15 , pp. 286-291
    • Humphrey, W.E.1
  • 172
    • 84882616815 scopus 로고
    • Vision screening, new subjective refractors and techniques.
    • Butterworths., London, A.G. Bennett, R.B. Rabbetts (Eds.)
    • Bennett AG, Rabbetts RB Vision screening, new subjective refractors and techniques. Clinical Visual Optics, Ch 19 1984, 398-408. Butterworths., London. A.G. Bennett, R.B. Rabbetts (Eds.).
    • (1984) Clinical Visual Optics, Ch 19 , pp. 398-408
    • Bennett, A.G.1    Rabbetts, R.B.2
  • 173
    • 84882593334 scopus 로고
    • Patient acceptance of the Humphrey Vision Analyzer
    • Harwood LW Patient acceptance of the Humphrey Vision Analyzer. Rev Optom 1977, 114:49-50.
    • (1977) Rev Optom , vol.114 , pp. 49-50
    • Harwood, L.W.1
  • 174
    • 0017589376 scopus 로고
    • The Humphrey Vision Analyzer: Reliability and validity of refractive-error measures
    • Kratz LD, Flom MC The Humphrey Vision Analyzer: Reliability and validity of refractive-error measures. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1977, 54:653-659.
    • (1977) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.54 , pp. 653-659
    • Kratz, L.D.1    Flom, M.C.2
  • 175
    • 0021686323 scopus 로고
    • Astigmatic decomposition: An alternate subjective refraction test employing conventional instrumentation
    • Barnes DA Astigmatic decomposition: An alternate subjective refraction test employing conventional instrumentation. Ophthalmol Physiol Opt 1984, 4:359-364.
    • (1984) Ophthalmol Physiol Opt , vol.4 , pp. 359-364
    • Barnes, D.A.1
  • 176
    • 0017609747 scopus 로고
    • Simplified analysis of meridional refraction data
    • Worthey JA Simplified analysis of meridional refraction data. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1977, 54:771-775.
    • (1977) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.54 , pp. 771-775
    • Worthey, J.A.1
  • 177
    • 0030255772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new subjective refraction method-The meridional polarized vernier optometer
    • Salmon TO, Horner DG A new subjective refraction method-The meridional polarized vernier optometer. J Am Optom Assoc 1996, 67:599-605.
    • (1996) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.67 , pp. 599-605
    • Salmon, T.O.1    Horner, D.G.2
  • 178
    • 84882670817 scopus 로고
    • The Freeman near-vision unit
    • Freeman H The Freeman near-vision unit. Optician 1953, 126:453-457.
    • (1953) Optician , vol.126 , pp. 453-457
    • Freeman, H.1
  • 179
    • 84882597986 scopus 로고
    • Bichromatic methods and near vision refraction
    • Freeman H Bichromatic methods and near vision refraction. Opt J Rev Optom 1954, 91(16):27-32.
    • (1954) Opt J Rev Optom , vol.91 , Issue.16 , pp. 27-32
    • Freeman, H.1
  • 180
    • 84882645910 scopus 로고
    • Bichromatic technique for distance and near refraction
    • Freeman H Bichromatic technique for distance and near refraction. Optician 1956, 132:497-503.
    • (1956) Optician , vol.132 , pp. 497-503
    • Freeman, H.1
  • 182
    • 84882645341 scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the Freeman unit for refractive balancing at near
    • 18, 20
    • Taylor SP An assessment of the Freeman unit for refractive balancing at near. Optician 1988, 196:16. 18, 20.
    • (1988) Optician , vol.196 , pp. 16
    • Taylor, S.P.1
  • 184
    • 84882620701 scopus 로고
    • The estimation of the total refractive error without a cycloplegic
    • Smith D The estimation of the total refractive error without a cycloplegic. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otol 1930, 35:101-127.
    • (1930) Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otol , vol.35 , pp. 101-127
    • Smith, D.1
  • 185
    • 84994975494 scopus 로고
    • The colorless Bichrome-A distance cross cylinder test
    • Schneller SA The colorless Bichrome-A distance cross cylinder test. Optom Weekly 1966, 57(7):38.
    • (1966) Optom Weekly , vol.57 , Issue.7 , pp. 38
    • Schneller, S.A.1
  • 186
    • 84882631257 scopus 로고
    • A systematic method of trial frame subjective refraction
    • Brooks CW A systematic method of trial frame subjective refraction. Optom Monthly 1982, 73:433-438.
    • (1982) Optom Monthly , vol.73 , pp. 433-438
    • Brooks, C.W.1
  • 187
    • 0016466115 scopus 로고
    • A supplementary technique for balancing refraction
    • Layton A A supplementary technique for balancing refraction. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1975, 52:125-127.
    • (1975) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.52 , pp. 125-127
    • Layton, A.1
  • 188
    • 84882708112 scopus 로고
    • Binocularity and refractive correction
    • Llewellyn P Binocularity and refractive correction. Optician 1989, 197:14-17.
    • (1989) Optician , vol.197 , pp. 14-17
    • Llewellyn, P.1
  • 189
    • 84882652590 scopus 로고
    • Binocular refraction procedures
    • 18-20, 22
    • Llewellyn P Binocular refraction procedures. Optician 1989, 197:16. 18-20, 22.
    • (1989) Optician , vol.197 , pp. 16
    • Llewellyn, P.1
  • 190
    • 12944329004 scopus 로고
    • The pinhole test
    • Lebensohn JE The pinhole test. Am J Ophthalmol 1950, 33:1612-1614.
    • (1950) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.33 , pp. 1612-1614
    • Lebensohn, J.E.1
  • 191
    • 84882649175 scopus 로고
    • Subjective methods of refraction.
    • CV Mosby., 3rd ed. St. Louis, D.M. Michaels (Ed.)
    • Michaels DM Subjective methods of refraction. Visual Optics and Refraction 1985, 316-334. CV Mosby., St. Louis. 3rd ed. D.M. Michaels (Ed.).
    • (1985) Visual Optics and Refraction , pp. 316-334
    • Michaels, D.M.1
  • 192
    • 84882632468 scopus 로고
    • The pinhole or stenopaeic opening
    • Croyle FVN The pinhole or stenopaeic opening. Optician 1950, 119:545-550.
    • (1950) Optician , vol.119 , pp. 545-550
    • Croyle, F.V.N.1
  • 193
    • 84882675158 scopus 로고
    • Stenopaic vision
    • Hale JR Stenopaic vision. Optom Weekly 1964, 45:1003-1006.
    • (1964) Optom Weekly , vol.45 , pp. 1003-1006
    • Hale, J.R.1
  • 194
    • 84882593149 scopus 로고
    • Stenopaic slit refraction
    • Long WF Stenopaic slit refraction. Optom Weekly 1975, 66(39):33-36.
    • (1975) Optom Weekly , vol.66 , Issue.39 , pp. 33-36
    • Long, W.F.1
  • 195
    • 28244490117 scopus 로고
    • Refraction by automation? New applications of the Scheiner disc
    • Bennett AG Refraction by automation? New applications of the Scheiner disc. Optician 1960, 139:5-9.
    • (1960) Optician , vol.139 , pp. 5-9
    • Bennett, A.G.1
  • 198
    • 0018195857 scopus 로고
    • Refraction in oblique meridians of the astigmatic eye
    • Bennett AG, Rabbetts RB Refraction in oblique meridians of the astigmatic eye. Br J Physiol Opt 1978, 32:59-77.
    • (1978) Br J Physiol Opt , vol.32 , pp. 59-77
    • Bennett, A.G.1    Rabbetts, R.B.2
  • 199
    • 0017879110 scopus 로고
    • Development of variable-focus lenses and a new refractor
    • Alvarez LW Development of variable-focus lenses and a new refractor. J Am Optom Assoc 1978, 49:24-29.
    • (1978) J Am Optom Assoc , vol.49 , pp. 24-29
    • Alvarez, L.W.1
  • 200
    • 0016975358 scopus 로고
    • A remote subjective refractor employing continuously variable sphere-cylinder corrections
    • Humphrey WE A remote subjective refractor employing continuously variable sphere-cylinder corrections. Opt Engineering 1976, 15:286-291.
    • (1976) Opt Engineering , vol.15 , pp. 286-291
    • Humphrey, W.E.1
  • 201
    • 85025518284 scopus 로고
    • Over-refraction and the Vision Analyzer
    • Humphrey WE Over-refraction and the Vision Analyzer. Optom Monthly 1980, 71:563-575.
    • (1980) Optom Monthly , vol.71 , pp. 563-575
    • Humphrey, W.E.1
  • 202
    • 0021243954 scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluation of the Humphrey automatic refractor
    • Wong EK, Patella VM, Pratt MV, et al. Clinical evaluation of the Humphrey automatic refractor. Arch Ophthalmol 1984, 102:870-875.
    • (1984) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.102 , pp. 870-875
    • Wong, E.K.1    Patella, V.M.2    Pratt, M.V.3
  • 203
    • 0021079374 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of the Humphrey Vision Analyzer low vision slide on the partially sighted
    • Siemsen D, Berman M, Bielenberg MA, Korschner K Effectiveness of the Humphrey Vision Analyzer low vision slide on the partially sighted. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1983, 60:798-803.
    • (1983) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.60 , pp. 798-803
    • Siemsen, D.1    Berman, M.2    Bielenberg, M.A.3    Korschner, K.4
  • 204
    • 0019722971 scopus 로고
    • A clinical evaluation of the American Optical SR III subjective refractor
    • Perrigin DM, Perrigin J, Grosvenor T A clinical evaluation of the American Optical SR III subjective refractor. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1982, 58:581-589.
    • (1982) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.58 , pp. 581-589
    • Perrigin, D.M.1    Perrigin, J.2    Grosvenor, T.3
  • 205
    • 0017515912 scopus 로고
    • A new automated subjective optometer
    • Bannon RE A new automated subjective optometer. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1977, 54:433-438.
    • (1977) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.54 , pp. 433-438
    • Bannon, R.E.1
  • 206
    • 0018197786 scopus 로고
    • The AO SR III Subjective Refraction System: comparison with phoropter measures
    • Woo GC, Woodruff ME The AO SR III Subjective Refraction System: comparison with phoropter measures. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1978, 55(8):591-596.
    • (1978) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.55 , Issue.8 , pp. 591-596
    • Woo, G.C.1    Woodruff, M.E.2
  • 207
    • 0020596858 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of American Optical SR-IV refractive data with clinical refractive data on a group of myopic children
    • Grosvenor T, Perrigin DW, Perrigin J Comparison of American Optical SR-IV refractive data with clinical refractive data on a group of myopic children. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1983, 60:224-235.
    • (1983) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.60 , pp. 224-235
    • Grosvenor, T.1    Perrigin, D.W.2    Perrigin, J.3
  • 208
    • 0021864324 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of refractive findings obtained by the Bausch & Lomb IVEX and by conventional clinical refraction
    • Perrigin DM, Grosvenor T, Perrigin J Comparison of refractive findings obtained by the Bausch & Lomb IVEX and by conventional clinical refraction. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1985, 62:562-567.
    • (1985) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.62 , pp. 562-567
    • Perrigin, D.M.1    Grosvenor, T.2    Perrigin, J.3
  • 210
    • 0345915966 scopus 로고
    • Accommodation levels during near cross cylinder tests
    • Westheimer G Accommodation levels during near cross cylinder tests. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1958, 35:599-604.
    • (1958) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.35 , pp. 599-604
    • Westheimer, G.1
  • 211
    • 0017605089 scopus 로고
    • Computer-assisted eye examination. V. Preliminary evaluation of the Refractor III System for subjective examination
    • Marg E, Johnson DE, Anderson KW, et al. Computer-assisted eye examination. V. Preliminary evaluation of the Refractor III System for subjective examination. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1977, 54:2-18.
    • (1977) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.54 , pp. 2-18
    • Marg, E.1    Johnson, D.E.2    Anderson, K.W.3
  • 212
    • 0018138981 scopus 로고
    • Computer-assisted eye examination. VI. Identification and correction of errors in the Refractor III System for subjective refraction
    • Marg E, Anderson KW, Chung KO, Neroth CC Computer-assisted eye examination. VI. Identification and correction of errors in the Refractor III System for subjective refraction. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1978, 55:249-266.
    • (1978) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.55 , pp. 249-266
    • Marg, E.1    Anderson, K.W.2    Chung, K.O.3    Neroth, C.C.4
  • 213
    • 0018177917 scopus 로고
    • Computer-assisted eye examination. VII. Final evaluation of the Refractor III System for subjective examination after reducing software and hardware errors
    • Marg E, Anderson KW, Chung KO, Neroth CC Computer-assisted eye examination. VII. Final evaluation of the Refractor III System for subjective examination after reducing software and hardware errors. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1978, 55:317-330.
    • (1978) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.55 , pp. 317-330
    • Marg, E.1    Anderson, K.W.2    Chung, K.O.3    Neroth, C.C.4
  • 214
    • 0014265550 scopus 로고
    • Observation of laser standing wave pattern to determine refractive status
    • Baldwin WR, Stover WB Observation of laser standing wave pattern to determine refractive status. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom 1968, 45:143-151.
    • (1968) Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom , vol.45 , pp. 143-151
    • Baldwin, W.R.1    Stover, W.B.2
  • 216
    • 0039772352 scopus 로고
    • A comparison between laser and conventional subjective refraction
    • Whitefoot HD, Charman WN A comparison between laser and conventional subjective refraction. Ophthalmic Optician 1980, 20:169-173.
    • (1980) Ophthalmic Optician , vol.20 , pp. 169-173
    • Whitefoot, H.D.1    Charman, W.N.2
  • 217
    • 0017037539 scopus 로고
    • Validity of the laser refraction technique for meridional measurement
    • Phillips DE, McCarter GS, Dwyer WO Validity of the laser refraction technique for meridional measurement. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1976, 53:447-450.
    • (1976) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.53 , pp. 447-450
    • Phillips, D.E.1    McCarter, G.S.2    Dwyer, W.O.3
  • 219
    • 0018472087 scopus 로고
    • Speckle motion in laser refraction. II. Experimental
    • Charman WN, Whitefoot H Speckle motion in laser refraction. II. Experimental. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1979, 56:295-304.
    • (1979) Am J Optom Physiol Opt , vol.56 , pp. 295-304
    • Charman, W.N.1    Whitefoot, H.2
  • 220
    • 7844234417 scopus 로고
    • Time-dependent functions in vision.
    • Mosby., St. Louis, R.A. Moses (Ed.)
    • Shickman GM Time-dependent functions in vision. Physiology of the Eye, Clinical Application 1981, 663-713. Mosby., St. Louis. R.A. Moses (Ed.).
    • (1981) Physiology of the Eye, Clinical Application , pp. 663-713
    • Shickman, G.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.