Toxoplasmosis, Syphilis, Malaria, and Tuberculosis

Avery's Diseases of the Newborn

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 530-550

  Sánchez, Pablo J ^a,b   Ahmed, Amina ^c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b CHILDREN S MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d CAROLINAS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882514404     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-072169347-7.50040-8     Document Type: Chapter

References (150)

1. Abughali N, Van Der Kuyp F, Annable W, et al. Congenital tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994, 13:738.
2. Adhikari M, Pillay T, Pillay DG Tuberculosis in the newborn: An emerging disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997, 16:1108.
3. Agrawal RL, Rehman H Congenital miliary tuberculosis with intestinal perforations. Tuber Lung Dis 1995, 76:468.
4. Ahmed A, Cerilli LA, Sànchez PJ Congenital malaria in a preterm neonate: Case report and review of the literature. AmJ Perinatol 1998, 15:19.
5. Airede AI Congenital malaria with chloroquine resistance. Ann Trop Paediatr 1991, 11:267-269.
6. Alecrim WD, Espinosa FEM, Alecrim MGC Plasmodium falciparum infection in the pregnant patient. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2000, 14:83.
7. Alford CA, Foft JW, Blanckenship WJ, et al. Subclinical central nervous system disease of neonates: A prospective study of infants born with increased levels of IgM. J Pediatr 1969, 75:1167.
8. Alford CA, Stagno S, Reynolds DW Congenital toxoplasmosis: Clinical, laboratory and therapeutic considerations, with special reference to subclinical disease. Bull N Y Acad Med 1974, 50:160.
9. Drugs for parasitic infections. 2003 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases 2003, 744. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL. 26th ed. L.K. Pickering (Ed.).
10. Tuberculosis. 2003 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases 2003, 642. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL. 26th ed. L.K. Pickering (Ed.).
11. Archibald HM The influence of malarial infection of the placenta on the incidence of prematurity. Bull World Health Organ 1956, 15:842.
12. Balasubramanian S, Shivram R, Padmasani LN, et al. Congenital tuberculosis. Indian J Pediatr 1999, 66:148.
13. Balatbat ABN, Jordan GW, Halsted C Congenital malaria in a nonidentical twin. West J Med 1995, 162:458.
14. Beaman MH, Luft BJ, Remington JS Prophylaxis for toxoplasmosis in AIDS. Ann Intern Med 1992, 117:163.
15. Beitzke H Ueber die angeborene tuberkuloese infektion. Ergeb Ges Tuberk Forsh 1935, 7:1.
16. Berry MC, Dajani AS Resurgence of congenital syphilis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1992, 6:19.
17. Blackall PB Tuberculosis: Maternal infection of the newborn. Med J Austral 1969, 1:1055.
18. Boyer K Diagnostic testing for congenital toxoplasmosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001, 20:59.
19. Boyer KM, McAuley JB Congenital toxoplasmosis. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 1994, 5:42.
20. Brandenburg VR, Kenny JF Neonatal malaria in an American born infant of an Asian immigrant. S D Med J 1982, 35:17.
21. Bruce-Chwatt LJ Malaria in African infants and children in southern Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1952, 46:173.
22. Campbell AL, Sullivan JE, Marshall GS Myelitis and ascending flaccid paralysis due to congenital toxoplasmosis. Clin Infect Dis 2001, 33:1778.
23. Cannon DSH Malaria and prematurity in the western region of Nigeria. BMJ 1958, 2:877.
24. Cantwell MF, Shehab ZM, Costello AM, et al. Brief report: Congenital tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 1994, 330:1051.
25. Cantwell MF, Valway SE, Onorato IM Congenital tuberculosis [letter]. N Engl J Med 1994, 331:548.
26. CDC recommendations regarding selected conditions affecting women's health: Preventing congenital toxoplasmosis. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000, 49(RR-2):57. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
27. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines-United States-2002. MMWR Recommend Rep 2002, 51(RR-6):1-80. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
28. Chhabra RS, Brion LP, Castro M, et al. Comparison of maternal sera, cord blood, and neonatal sera for detecting presumptive congenital syphilis: Relationship with maternal treatment. Pediatrics 1993, 91:88.
29. Congenital syphilis, United States, 1983-1985. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1986, 35:625.
30. Cooper AR, Heneghan W, Matthew D Tuberculosis in a mother and her infant. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1985, 4:181.
31. Couvreur J, Desmonts G Congenital and maternal toxoplasmosis: A review of 300 congenital cases. Dev Med Child Neurol 1962, 4:519.
32. Couvreur J, Desmonts G, Tournier G, et al. Study of a homogeneous series of 210 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis in infants aged 0 to 11 months detected prospectively. Ann Pediatr 1984, 31:815.
33. Couvreur J, Desmonts G, Thulliez P Prophylaxis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Effect of spiramycin on placental infection. JAntimicrob Chemother 1988, 22:193.
34. Couvreur J, Thulliez P, Daffos F, et al. Six cases of toxoplasmosis in twins. Ann Pediatr (Paris) 1991, 38:63.
35. Covell S Congenital malaria. Trop Dis Bull 1950, 47:1447.
36. Cunningham DG, McGraw TT, Griffin AJ, et al. Neonatal tuberculosis with pulmonary cavitation. Tuber Lung Dis 1982, 63:217.
37. D'Avanzo NJ, Morris VM, Carter TR, et al. Congenital malaria as a result of Plasmodium malariae-North Carolina 2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002, 51:164.
38. Daffos F, Forestier F, Capella-Pavlovsky M, et al. Prenatal management of 746 pregnancies at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis. N Engl J Med 1988, 318:271.
39. Dannemann BR, Vaughan WC, Thurlliez P, et al. Differential agglutination test for diagnosis of recently acquired infection with Toxoplasma gondii. J Clin Microbiol 1990, 28:1928.
40. Davis SF, Finley SC, Hare WK Congenital tuberculosis. J Pediatr 1960, 57:221.
41. Diallo S, Victorius A, N'Dir O, et al. Prévalence et évolution du paludisme congénital en zone urbaine: Cas de la ville de Thiès (Sénégal). Dakar Méd 1983, 28:133.
42. Diebler C, Dusser A, Dulac O Congenital toxoplasmosis: Clinical and neuroradiologic evaluation of the cerebral lesions. Neuroradiology 1985, 27:125.
43. Dorfman DH, Glaser JH Congenital syphilis presenting in infants after the newborn period. N Engl J Med 1990, 323:1299.
44. Dowell M, Musher DM An unusual cause of fever in a newborn infant. Hosp Practice 1991, 26:40.
45. Dunn D, Newell ML, Gilbert R Low risk of congenital toxoplasmosis in children born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997, 16:84.
46. Dunn D, Wallon M, Peyron F, et al. Mother-to-child transmission of toxoplasmosis: Risk estimates for clinical counselling. Lancet 1999, 353:1829.
47. Dunn RA, Webster LA, Nakashima AK, Sylvester GC Surveillance for geographic and secular trends in congenital syphilis-United States, 1983-1991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1993, 42:59.
48. Eichenwald HG A study of congenital toxoplasmosis, with particular emphasis on clinical manifestations, sequelae, and therapy. Human Toxoplasmosis 1960, 41. Munksgaard, Copenhagen. J.C. Siim (Ed.).
49. Eskild A, Oxman A, Magnus P, et al. Screening for toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: What is the evidence of reducing a health problem?. J Med Screening 1996, 3:188.
50. Fischer PR Congenital malaria: An African survey. Clin Pediatr 1997, 36:411.
51. Foudrinier F, Marx-Chemla C, Aubert D, et al. Value of specific immunoglobulin A detection by two immunocapture assays in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995, 14:585.
52. Foulon W, Pinon JM, Stray-Pederson B, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: A multicenter evaluation of different diagnostic parameters. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999, 181:843.
53. Foulon W, Villena I, Stray-Pederson B, et al. Treatment of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy: A multicenter study of impact on fetal transmission and children's sequelae at age 1 year. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999, 180:410.
54. Foulon W, Naessens A, Ho-Yen D Prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis. J Perinat Med 2000, 28:337.
55. Fricker-Hidalgo H, Pelloux H, Racinet C, et al. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in 94 placentae from infected women bypolymerase chain reaction, in vivo, and in vitro cultures. Placenta 1998, 19:545.
56. Friedman S, Ford-Jones LE, Toi A, et al. Congenital toxoplasmosis: Prenatal diagnosis, treatment and postnatal outcome. Prenat Diag 1999, 19:330.
57. Gavinet MF, Robert F, Firtion G, et al. Congenital toxoplasmosis due to maternal reinfection during pregnancy. J Clin Microbiol 1997, 35:1276.
58. Gereige RS, Cimino D Congenitally acquired chloroquine resistant P. falciparum malaria in an infant born in the United States. Clin Pediatr 1995, 34:166.
59. Gilbert RE, Gras L, Wallon M, et al. Effect of prenatal treatment on mother to child transmission of Toxoplasma gondii: Retrospective cohort study of 554 mother-child pairs in Lyon, France. Int J Epidemiol 2001, 30:1303.
60. Girgis NI, Farid Z, Kilpatrick MG, et al. Dexamethasone adjunctive therapy for tuberculous meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991, 10:179.
61. Gordon-Nesbitt DC, Rajan G Congenital tuberculosis successfully treated. BMJ 1973, 27:233.
62. Gratzl R, Hayde M, Kohlhauser C, et al. Follow-up of infants with congenital toxoplasmosis detected by polymerase chain reaction analysis of amniotic fluid. Eur. J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998, 17:853.
63. Grover CM, Thulliez P, Remington JS, et al. Rapid prenatal diagnosis of congenital Toxoplasma infection by using polymerase chain reaction and amniotic fluid. J Clin Microbiol 1990, 28:2297.
64. Guerina NG, Hsu H-W, Meissner HC, et al. Neonatal serologic screening and early treatment for congenital Toxoplasma gondii infection. N Engl J Med 1994, 330:1858.
65. Guy EC, Pelloux H, Lappalainen M, et al. Interlaboratory comparison of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA added to samples of amniotic fluid. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996, 15:836.
66. Hageman J, Shulman S, Schreiber M, et al. Congenital tuberculosis: Critical reappraisal of clinical findings and diagnostic procedures. Pediatrics 1980, 66:980.
67. Hardy JB, Hardy PH, et al. Failure of penicillin in a newborn with congenital syphilis. JAMA 1970, 212:1345.
68. Harvey B, Remington JS, Sulzer AJ IgM malaria antibodies in a case of congenital malaria in the United States. Lancet 1969, 1:333.
69. Hennequin C, Dureau P, N'Guyen L, et al. Congenital toxoplasmosis acquired from an immune woman. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997, 16:75.
70. Hindi RD, Azimi PH Congenital malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum. Pediatr 1980, 66:977.
71. Hohlfeld P, Daffos F, Thurlliez P, et al. Fetal toxoplasmosis: Outcome of pregnancy and infant follow-up after in utero treatment. J Pediatr 1989, 115:765.
72. Hohlfeld P, Daffos F, Costa J-M, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis with a polymerase-chain-reaction test on amniotic fluid. N Engl J Med 1994, 331:695.
73. Hulbert TV Congenital malaria in the United States: Report of a case and review. Clin Infect Dis 1992, 14:922.
74. Jara M, Hsu HW, Eaton RB, Demaria A Epidemiology of congenital toxoplasmosis identified by population-based newborn screening in Massachusetts. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001, 20:1132.
75. Jeliffe EFP Low birthweight and malarial infection of the placenta. Bull World Health Organ 1968, 38:69.
76. Jenum PA, Holberg-Petersen M, Melby KK Diagnosis of congenital Toxoplasma gondii infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on amniotic fluid samples. The Norwegian experience. APMIS 1998, 106:680.
77. Jones JL, Lopez A, Wilson M, et al. Congenital toxoplasmosis: A review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2001, 56:296.
78. Koppe JG, Loewer-Sieger DH, DeRoever-Bonnet H Result of 20-year follow-up of congenital toxoplasmosis. Lancet 1986, 1:254.
79. Lackmann GM Congenital tuberculosis. N Engl J Med 1994, 331:548.
80. Langer H Repeated congenital infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Obstet Gynecol 1983, 21:318.
81. Lappalainen M, Koskela P, Koskiniemi M, et al. Toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy: Improved serodiagnosis based on avidity of IgG. J Infect Dis 1993, 167:691.
82. Larkin GL, Thuma PE Congenital malaria in a hyperendemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991, 45:587.
83. Lewis LL Congenital syphilis: Serologic diagnosis in the young infant. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1992, 6:31.
84. Low incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in children born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. European Collaborative Study and Research Network on Congenital Toxoplasmosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996, 68:93.
85. MacLeod CL, West R, Saloman WL, et al. Double malaria infection in a six week old infant. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1982, 31:893.
86. MacLeod CL Malaria. Parasite Infections in Pregnancy and the Newborn 1988, 8. Oxford University Press, Oxford. C.L. MacLeod (Ed.).
87. Malviya S, Shurin SB Congenital malaria: Case report and review. Clin Pediatr 1984, 23:516.
88. Martinovic J, Sibalic D, Djordjevic M, et al. Frequency of toxoplasmosis in the appearance of congenital hydrocephalus. JNeurosurg 1982, 56:830.
89. Masur H, Kaplan JE, Holmes KK, et al. Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons: 2002 recommendations of the U. S. Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2002, 51(RR-8):5.
90. Mazade MA, Evans EM, Starke JR, Correa AG Congenital tuberculosis presenting as sepsis syndrome: Case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001, 20:439.
91. McAuley J, Boyer KM, Patel D, et al. Early and longitudinal evaluations of treated infants and children and untreated historical patients with congenital toxoplasmosis: The Chicago collaborative treatment trial. Clin Infect Dis 1994, 18:38.
92. McGee T, Wolters C, Stein L, et al. Absence of sensorineural hearing abnormalities in treated infants with congenital toxoplasmosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992, 106:75.
93. McGregor IA Epidemiology, malaria and pregnancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1984, 33:517.
94. McLeod R, Mack D, Foss R, et al. Levels of pyrimethamine in sera and cerebrospinal and ventricular fluids from infants treated for congenital toxoplasmosis. The Toxoplasmosis Study Group. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992, 36:1040.
95. McLeod R, Boyer K, Roizen N, et al. The child with congenital toxoplasmosis. Curr Clin Topics Infect Dis 2000, 20:189.
96. Mertz GJ, Quinn TC, Jacobs R, et al. Congenital malaria in children of refugees-Washington, Massachusetts, Kentucky. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1981, 30:53.
97. Milgram JW Osseous changes in congenital toxoplasmosis. Arch Pathol 1974, 97:150.
98. Mitchell CD, Erlich SS, Mastrucci MT, et al. Congenital toxoplasmosis occurring in infants perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1. Pediatr Infect Dis 1990, 9:512.
99. Moran NF, Couper ID Congenital malaria in South Africa-A report of four cases. S Afr Med J 1999, 89:943.
100. Müssbichler H Radiologic study of intracranial calcifications in congenital toxoplasmosis. Acta Radiol 1968, 7:369.
101. Naessens A, Jenum PA, Pollak A, et al. Diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis in the neonatal period: A multicenter evaluation. J Pediatr 1999, 135:714.
102. Naot Y, Desmonts G, Remington JS IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for the diagnosis of congenital Toxoplasma infection. J Pediatr 1991, 98:32.
103. Nemir RL, O'Hare D Congenital tuberculosis: Review and diagnostic guidelines. Am J Dis Child 1985, 139:284.
104. Ng PC, Hiu J, Fok TF, et al. Isolated congenital tuberculosis otitis in a preterm infant. Acta Paediatr 1995, 84:955.
105. Niles RA Puerperal tuberculosis with death of infant. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982, 144:131.
106. Nyirjesy P, Kavasya T, Axelrod P, et al. Malaria during pregnancy: Neonatal morbidity and mortality and the efficacy of chloroquine chemoprophylaxis. Clin Infect Dis 1993, 16:127.
107. O'Donohoe JM, Brueton MJ, Holliman RE Concurrent congenital human immunodeficiency virus infection and toxoplasmosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991, 10:627.
108. Oygur N, Yilmaz G, Ozkaynak C, Guven AG Central diabetes insipidus in a patient with congenital toxoplasmosis. Am. J Perinatol 1998, 15:191.
109. Pejham S, Altman R, Li KI, Munoz JL Congenital tuberculosis with facial nerve palsy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002, 21:1085.
110. Peterson E, Eaton RB Control of congenital infection with Toxoplasma gondii by neonatal screening based on detection of specific immunoglobulin M antibodies eluted from phenylketonuria filter-paper blood-spot samples. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1999, 88:36.
111. Peyron F, Wallon M Options for the pharmacotherapy of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2001, 2:1269.
112. Pinon JM, Dumon H, Chemla C, et al. Strategy for diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: Evaluation of methods comparing mothers and newborns and standard methods for postnatal detection of immunoglobulin G, M, and A antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 2001, 39:2267.
113. Quinn TC, Jacobs RF, Mertz GJ, et al. Congenital malaria: A report of four cases and review. J Pediatr 1982, 101:229.
114. Ratner B, Rostler AE, Salgado PS Care, feeding and fate of premature and full term infants born of tuberculous mothers. Am J Dis Child 1951, 81:471.
115. Reinhardt MC Maternal anemia in Abidjan: Its influence on placenta and newborns. Helv Paediatr Acta 1978, 41:43.
116. Remington JS, Newell JW, Cavanaugh E Spontaneous abortion and chronic toxoplasmosis: Report of a case, with isolation of the parasite. Obstet Gynecol 1964, 24:25.
117. Remington JS, Araujo FG, Desmonts G Recognition of different Toxoplasma antigens by IgM and IgG antibodies in mothers and their congenitally infected newborns. J Infect Dis 1985, 152:1020.
118. Remington JS, McLeod R, Thulliez P, Desmonts G Toxoplasmosis. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant 2001, 205. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. 5th ed. J.S. Remington, J.O. Klein (Eds.).
119. Robert-Gangneux F, Commerce V, Tourte-Schaefer C, Dupouy-Camet J Performance of a Western blot assay to compare mother and newborn anti- Toxoplasma antibodies for the early neonatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Eur J Microbiol Infect Dis 1999, 18:648.
120. Robert-Gangneux F, Gavinet MF, Ancelle T, et al. Value of prenatal diagnosis and early postnatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: Retrospective study of 110 cases. J Clin Microbiol 1999, 37:2893.
121. Robert-Gangneux F Contribution of new techniques for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Clin Lab 2001, 47:135.
122. Roizen N, Swisher CN, Stein MA, et al. Neurologic and developmental outcome in treated congenital toxoplasmosis. Pediatrics 1995, 95:11.
123. Romand S, Wallon M, Franck J, et al. Prenatal diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction on amniotic fluid for congenital toxoplasmosis. Obstet Gynecol 2001, 97:296.
124. Saxon SA, Knight N, Reynolds DW, et al. Intellectual deficits inchildren born with subclinical congenital toxoplasmosis: A preliminary report. J Pediatr 1973, 82:792.
125. Sibalic D, Djurkovic-Djakovic O, Nikolic R Congenital toxoplasmosis in premature twins. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 1986, 33:1.
126. Siegel M Pathological findings and pathogenesis of congenital tuberculosis. Am Rev Tuberc 1934, 29:297.
127. Smith MD, Teele DW Tuberculosis. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant 1995, 1074. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. 4th ed. J.S. Remington, J.O. Klein (Eds.).
128. Sood M, Trehan A, Arora S, et al. Congenital tuberculosis manifesting as cutaneous disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000, 19:1109.
129. Starke JR Tuberculosis: An old disease but a new threat to the mother, fetus, and neonate. Clin Perinatol 1997, 24:107.
130. Starr SR, Wheeler DS Index of suspicion. Pediatr Rev 1998, 19:333.
131. Steketee RW, Nahlen BL, Parise ME, et al. The burden of malaria in pregnancy in malaria-endemic areas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001, 64:28.
132. Stoll BJ, Lee FK, Larsen S, et al. Clinical and serologic evaluation of neonates for congenital syphilis: A continuing diagnostic dilemma. J Infect Dis 1993, 167:1093.
133. Subramianian D, Moise KJ, White AC Imported malaria in pregnancy: Report of four cases and review of management. Clin Infect Dis 1992, 15:408.
134. Vergani P, Ghidini A, Ceruti P, et al. Congenital toxoplasmosis: Efficacy of maternal treatment with spiramycin alone. Am J Reprod Immunol 1998, 39:335.
135. Villena I, Aubert D, Leroux B, et al. Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis: Follow-up of 78 cases between 1908 and 1997. Reims Toxoplasmosis Group. Scand J Infect Dis 1998, 30:295.
136. Villena I, Chemla C, Quereux C, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis transmitted by an immunocompetent woman infected before conception. Prenat Diag 1998, 18:1079.
137. Villena I, Aubert D, Brodard V, et al. Detection of specific immunoglobulin E during maternal, fetal, and congenital toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol 1999, 37:3487.
138. Viraraghavan R, Jantausch B Congenital malaria: Diagnosis and therapy. Clin Pediatr 2000, 39:66.
139. Wallon M, Caudie C, Rubio S, et al. Value of cerebrospinal fluid cytochemical examination for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis at birth in France. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998, 17:705.
140. Wallon M, Liou C, Garner P, Peyron F Congenital toxoplasmosis: Systematic review of evidence of efficacy of treatment in pregnancy. BMJ 1999, 318:1511.
141. Wendel GD Gestational and congenital syphilis. Clin Perinatol 1988, 15:287.
142. White NJ, Miller KD, Churchill FC, et al. Chloroquine treatment of severe malaria in children. N Engl J Med 1988, 319:1493.
143. Williams AIO, McFarlane H Immunoglobulin levels, malarial antibody titres and placental parasitaemia in Nigerian mothers and neonates. Afr J Med Sci 1970, 1:369.
144. Wilson CB, Remington JS What can be done to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis?. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980, 138:357.
145. Wilson CB, Remington JS, Stagno S, et al. Development of adverse sequelae in children born with subclinical congenital Toxoplasma infection. Pediatrics 1980, 66:767.
146. Wiswell TE, Fajardo JE, Bass JW, et al. Congenital toxoplasmosis in triplets. J Pediatr 1984, 105:59.
147. Wong S-Y, Remington JS Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis 1994, 18:853.
148. Yamakawa R, Yamashita Y, Yano A, et al. Congenital toxoplasmosis complicated by central diabetes insipidus in an infant with Down syndrome. Brain Dev 1996, 18:75.
149. Zenker PN, Berman SM Congenital syphilis: Trends and recommendations for evaluation and management. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991, 10:516.
150. Zufferey J, Hohlfeld P, Bille J, et al. Value of the comparative enzyme-linked immunofiltration assay for early neonatal diagnosis of congenital Toxoplasma infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999, 18:971.