Physiochemical determinants of phloem transport

Vascular Transport in Plants

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 19-44

  Bel, Aart J E van ^a   Hafke, Jens B ^a  

^a JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882462044     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012088457-5/50004-6     Document Type: Chapter

References (117)

1. P. Ache, D. Becker, R. Deeken, H. Weber, J. Fromm and R. Hedrich (2001) VFK1, a Vicia faba K+ channel involved in phloem unloading. Plant J 27 571-580.
2. D.P. Aikman (1980) Contractile proteins and hypotheses concerning their role in phloem transport. Can J Bot 58 826-832.
3. R. Aloni, R.E. Wyse and S. Griffith (1986) Sucrose transport and phloem unloading in the stem of Vicia faba: Possible involvement of a sucrose carrier and osmotic regulation. Plant Physiol 81 482-486.
4. M.C. Alosi, D.L. Melroy and R.B. Park (1988) The regulation of gelation of exudate from Cucurbita by dilution, glutathione, and glutathione reductase. Plant Physiol 86 1089-1094.
5. P.W. Atkins (1990) Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press
6. P. Bancal and F. Soltani (2002) Source-sink partitioning. Do we need Münch? J Exp Bot 53 1919-1928.
7. L. Barker, C. Kühn, A. Weise, A. Schulz, C. Gebhardt, B. Hirner, H. Hellmann, W. Schulze, J.M. Ward and W.B. Frommer (2000) SUT2, a putative sucrose sensor in sieve elements. Plant Cell 12 1153-1164.
8. C.S. Bauer, S. Hoth, K. Haga, K. Philippar, N. Aoki and R. Hedrich (2000) Differential expression and regulation of K+ channels in the maize coleoptile: Molecular and biophysical analysis of cells isolated from cortex and vascul. Plant J 24 139-145.
9. S. Bouché-Pillon, P. Fleurat-Lessard, J.-C. Fromont, R. Serrano and J.-L. Bonnemain (1994) Immunolocalisation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in minor veins of Vicia faba in relation to phloem loading. Plant Physiol 105 691-697.
10. M.J. Canny (1990) What becomes of the transpiration stream? New Phytol 114 341-368.
11. L.A. Cernusak, D.J. Arthur, J.S. Pate and G.D. Farquhar (2003) Water relations link carbon and oxygen isotope discrimination to phloem sap sugar concentration in Eucalyptus globulus. Plant Physiol 131 1544-1554.
12. T.J. Chiou and D.R. Bush (1998) Sucrose is a signal molecule in assimilate partitioning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95 4784-4788.
13. M.J. Chrispeels, N.M. Crawford and J.I. Schroeder (1999) Proteins for transport of water and mineral nutrients across the membranes of plant cells. Plant Cell 11 661-675.
14. R. Deeken, D. Geiger, J. Fromm, O. Koroleva, P. Ache, R. Langenfeld-Heyser, N. Sauer, S.T. May and R. Hedrich (2002) Loss of AKT2/3 potassium channel affects sugar loading into the phloem of Arabidopsis. Planta 216 334-344.
15. R. Deeken, C. Sanders, P. Ache and R. Hedrich (2000) Development and light-dependent regulation of a phloem-localised K+ channel of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 23 285-290.
16. N.D. DeWitt, B. Hong, M.R. Sussman and J.F. Harper (1996) Targeting of two Arabidopsis H+-ATPase isoforms to the plasma membrane. Plant Physiol 112 833-844.
17. N.D. DeWitt and M.R. Sussman (1995) Immunocytological localisation of an epitope-tagged plasma membrane proton pump (H+-ATPase) in phloem companion cells. Plant Cell 7 2053-2067.
18. P.S. Dick and R.T. ap Rees T. (1975) The pathway of sugar transport in roots of Pisum sativum. J Exp Bot 26 305-314.
19. X.-D. Din and E.E. Michaelides (1997) Kinetic theory and molecular dynamics simulations of microscopic flows. Physics Fluids 9 3915-3925.
20. K. Ehlers, M. Knoblauch and A.J.E. van Bel (2000) Ultrastructural features of well-preserved and injured sieve elements: Minute clamps keep the phloem transport conduits free for mass flow. Protoplasma 214 80-92.
21. D.B. Fisher and C.E. Cash-Clark (2000) Gradients in water potential and turgor pressure along the translocation pathway during grain filling in normally watered and water-stressed wheat plants. Plant Physiol 123 139-147.
22. D.B. Fisher and N. Wang (1995) Sucrose concentration gradients along the post-phloem transport pathway in the maternal tissues of developing wheat grains. Plant Physiol 109 587-592.
23. D.G. Fisher (1986) Ultrastructure, plasmodesmatal frequency, and solute concentration in green areas of variegated Coleus blumei Benth. leaves. Planta 169 141-152.
24. D.G. Fisher and R.F. Evert (1982) Studies on the leaf of Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthaceae): Ultrastructure, plasmodesmatal frequency, and solute concentration in relation to phloem lo. Planta 155 377-387.
25. Y.V. Gamalei (1989) Structure and function of leaf minor veins in trees and herbs: A taxo-nomic review. Trees 3 96-110.
26. Y.V. Gamalei (1991) Phloem loading and its development related to plant evolution from trees to herbs. Trees 5 50-64.
27. J.D. Goeschl and C.E. Magnuson (1986) Physiological implications of the Münch-Horwitz theory of phloem loading: Effect of loading rates. Plant Cell Environ 9 95-102.
28. F.L. Goggin, R. Medville and R. Turgeon (2001) Phloem loading in the tulip tree. Mechanisms and evolutionary implications. Plant Physiol 124 891-899.
29. J.R. Gottwald, P.J. Krysan, J.C. Young, R.F. Evert and M.R. Sussman (2000) Genetic evidence for the in planta role of phloem-specific plasma membrane sucrose transporters. Proc. Natl Acad Sci U S A 97 13979-13984.
30. J.L. Hall and D.A. Baker (1972) The chemical composition of Ricinus phloem exudate. Planta 106 131-140.
31. E. Haritatos, B.G. Ayre and R. Turgeon (2000) Identification of phloem involved in assimilate loading in leaves by the activity of the galactinol synthase promotor. Plant Physiol. 123 929-937.
32. G.N. Harrington, V.R. Franceschi, C.E. Offler, J.W. Patrick, M. Tegeder, W.B. Frommer, J.F. Harper and W.D. Hitz (1997) Cell specific expression of three genes involved in plasma membrane sucrose transport in developing Vicia faba seed. Protoplasma 197 160-173.
33. H. Hellmann, L. Barker, D. Funck and W.B. Frommer (2000) The regulation of assimilate allocation and transport. Austr J Plant Physiol 27 583-594.
34. S.M. Henton, A.J. Greaves, G.J. Piller and P.E.H. Minchin (2002) Revisiting the Münch pressure-flow hypothesis for long-distance transport of carbohydrates: Modelling the dynamics of solute transport inside a semipermeabl. J Exp Bot 53 1411-1419.
35. G. Hoffmann-Thoma, A.J.E. van Bel and K. Ehlers (2001) Ultrastructure of minor-vein phloem and assimilate export in summer and winter leaves of the symplasmically loading evergreens Ajuga reptans L., Acuba japonica Thumb., and Hedera helix L. Planta 212 231-242.
36. R.P.C. Johnson, A. Freundlich and G.F. Barclay (1976) Transcellular strands in sieve tubes: What are they? J Exp Bot 101 1127-1136.
37. R. Kempers, A. Ammerlaan and A.J.E. van Bel (1998) Symplasmic constriction and ultra-structural features of the sieve element/companion cell complex in the transport phloem of apoplasmically and symplasmically phloem-loading species. Plant Physiol 116 271-278.
38. A.H. Kingston-Smith, N. Galtier, C.J. Pollock and C.H. Foyer (1998) Soluble acid invertase activity in leaves is independent of species differences in leaf carbohydrates, diurnal sugar profiles, and paths of phloem loading. New Phytol 139 283-292.
39. M. Knoblauch, W.S. Peters, K. Ehlers and A.J.E. van Bel (2001) Reversible calcium-regulated stopcocks in legume sieve tubes. Plant Cell 13 1221-1230.
40. M. Knoblauch and A.J.E. van Bel (1998) Sieve tubes in action. Plant Cell 10 35-50.
41. K. Koch (1996) Carbohydrate-modulated gene expression in plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 47 509-540.
42. W. Köckenberger, W.J. Pope, Y. Xia, K.R. Jeffrey, E. Komor and P.T. Callaghan (1997) A non-invasive measurement of phloem and xylem water flow in castor bean seedlings by nuclear magnetic resonance microimaging. Planta 201 53-63.
43. R. Kollmann (1973) Cytologie des Phloems. H. Ruska, P. Sitte (Eds) Grundlagen der Cytologie Jena: Gustav Fischer 479-505.
44. R. Kollmann, I. Dörr and H. Kleinig (1970) Protein filaments: Structural components of the phloem exudate. 1. Observations with Cucurbita and Nicotiana. Planta 95 86-94.
45. E. Komor (1977) Sucrose uptake by cotyledons of Ricinus communis L.: Characteristics, mechanism and regulation. Planta 137 119-131.
46. E. Komor (2000) Source physiology and assimilate transport: The interaction of sucrose metabolism, starch storage and phloem export in source leaves and the effects on sugar status in phloem. Austr J Plant Physiol 27 497-505.
47. O.A. Koroleva, J.F. Farrar, A.D. Tomos and C.J. Pollock (1998) Carbohydrates in individual cells of epidermis, mesophyll, and bundle sheath in barley leaves with changed export or photosynthetic rate. Plant Physiol 118 1525-1532.
48. C. Kühn, V.R. Franceschi, A. Schulz, R. Lemoine and W.B. Frommer (1997) Macromolecular trafficking indicated by localization and turnover of sucrose transporters in enucleate sieve elements. Science 275 1298-1300.
49. C. Kühn, W.P. Quick, A. Schulz, J.W. Riesmeier, U. Sonnewald and W.B. Frommer (1996) Companion cell-specific inhibition of the potato sucrose transporter SUT1. Plant Cell Environ 19 1115-1123.
50. B. Lacombe, G. Pilot, E. Michard, F. Gaymard, H. Sentenac and J.-B. Thibaud (2000) A shaker-like K+ channel with weak rectification is expressed in both source and sink phloem tissues of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 12 837-851.
51. M. Lalonde, M. Tegeder, M. Throne-Hoist, W.B. Frommer and J.W. Patrick (2003) Phloem loading and unloading of sugars and amino acids. Plant Cell Environ 26 37-56.
52. A. Lang (1978) A model of mass flow in the phloem. Austr J Plant Physiol 5 535-546.
53. A. Lang (1979) A relay mechanism for phloem translocation. Ann Bot 44 141-145.
54. M. Langhans, R. Ratajczak, M. Lützelschwab, W. Michalke, R. Wächter, E. Fischer-Schliebs and C.E. Ullrich (2001) Immunolocalization of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and tono-plast-type pyrophosphatase of the sieve element-companion cell complex in the stem of Ricinus communis L. Planta 213 11-19.
55. R. Lemoine, C. Kühn, N. Thiele, S. Delrot and W.B. Frommer (1996) Antisense inhibition of the sucrose transporter in potato: Effects on amount and activity. Plant Cell Environ 19 1124-1131.
56. C.E. Lewis, G. Noctor, D. Causton and C.H. Foyer (2000) Regulation of assimilate partitioning in leaves. Austr J Plant Physiol 27 509-517.
57. C.E. Magnuson, J.D. Goeschl and Y. Fares (1986) Experimental tests of the Münch-Horwitz theory of phloem transport: Effect of loading rates. Plant Cell Environ 9 103-109.
58. I. Marten, S. Hoth, R. Deeken, K.A. Ketchum, T. Hoshi and R. Hedrich (1999) AKT3, a phloem-localised K+ channel is blocked by protons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 7581-7586.
59. P.E.H. Minchin and M.R. Thorpe (1987) Measurement of unloading and reloading of photo-assimilate within the stem of bean. J Exp Bot 38 211-220.
60. P.E.H. Minchin, M.R. Thorpe, J.F. Farrar and O.A. Koroleva (2002) Source-sink coupling in young barley plants and control of phloem loading. J Exp Bot 53 1671-1676.
61. L. Moriau, B. Michelet, P. Bogaerts, L. Lambert and A. Michel (1999) Expression analysis of two gene subfamilies encoding the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in Nicotiana plumbagini-folia reveals the major transport functions of this enzyme. Plant J 19 31-41.
62. E. Münch (1930) Die Stoffbewegungen in der Pflanze. Jena: Gustav Fischer
63. R. Murphy (1989) Water flow across the sieve-tube boundary: Estimating turgor and some implications for phloem loading and unloading. I. Theory. Ann Bot 63 541-549.
64. R. Murphy (1989) Water flow across the sieve-tube boundary: Estimating turgor and some implications for phloem loading and unloading. II. Phloem in the stem. Ann Bot 63 551-559.
65. R. Murphy (1989) Water flow across the sieve-tube boundary: Estimating turgor and some implications for phloem loading and unloading. III. Phloem in the leaf. Ann Bot 63 561-570.
66. R. Murphy (1989) Water flow across the sieve-tube boundary: Estimating turgor and some implications for phloem loading and unloading. IV. Root tips and seed coats. Ann Bot 63 571-579.
67. R. Murphy and D.P. Aikman (1989) An investigation of the relay hypothesis of phloem transport in Ricinus communis L. J Exp Bot 40 1079-1088.
68. N. Noiraud, S. Delrot and R. Lemoine (2000) The sucrose transporter of celery. Identification and expression during salt stress. Plant Physiol 122 1447-1455.
69. J.W. Patrick (1997) Phloem unloading: Sieve element unloading and post-sieve element transport. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 28 165-190.
70. J.W. Patrick and C.E. Offler (2001) Compartmentation of transport and transfer events in developing seeds. J Exp Bot 52 551-564.
71. J.W Patrick, W. Zhang, S.D. Tyerman, C.E. Offler and N.A. Walker (2001) Role of membrane transport in phloem translocation of assimilates and water. Austr J Plant Physiol 28 695-707.
72. K. Philippar, K. Büchsenschütz, M. Abshagen, L Fuchs, D. Geiger, B. Lacombe and R. Hedrich (2003) The K+ channel KZM1 mediates potassium uptake into the phloem and guard cells of the C4 grass Zea mays. J Biol Chem 278 16973-16981.
73. G. Pilot, B. Lacombe, F. Gaymard, I. Chérel, J. Boucherez, J.-B. Thibaud and H. Sentenac (2001) Guard cell inward K+ channel activity in Arabidopsis involves expression of the twin channel units KAT1 and KAT2. J Biol Chem 276 3215-3221.
74. J.W. Riesmeier, B. Hirner and W.B. Frommer (1993) Potato sucrose transporter expression in minor veins indicates a role in phloem loading. Plant Cell 5 1591-1598.
75. J.W. Riesmeier, L. Willmitzer and W.B. Frommer (1994) Evidence for an essential role of the sucrose transporter in phloem loading and assimilate partitioning. EMBO J 13 1-8.
76. D.G. Robinson, H. Sieber, W. Kammerloher and A.R. Schäffner (1996) PIP1 aquaporins are concentrated in plasmalemmasomes of Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll. Plant Physiol 111 645-649.
77. T. Roitsch, R. Ehneß, M. Goetz, B. Hause, M. Hofmann and A.K. Sinha (2000) Regulation and function of extracellular invertase from higher plants in relation to assimilate partitioning, stress responses and sugar signalling. Austr J Plant Physiol 27 815-825.
78. F. Rolland, B. Moore and J. Sheen (2002) Sugar sensing and signalling in plants. Plant Cell 14 S185-S205.
79. W.A. Russin and R.F. Evert (1985) Studies on the leaf of Populus deltoides (Salicaceae): ultra-structure, plasmodesmatal frequency and solute concentrations. Am J Bot 72 1232-1247.
80. A.R. Schäffner (1998) Aquaporin function, structure, and expression: Are there more surprises to surface in water relations? Planta 204 131-139.
81. A.A. Schrier (2001) Der Einflua der Temperatur auf das Funktionieren, die Evolution und die Verbreitung apoplasmatischer und symplasmatischer Phloembeladung. Thesis Germany: University of Giessen
82. A. Schulz (1994) Phloem transport and differential unloading in pea seedlings after source and sink manipulations. Planta 192 239-248.
83. A. Schulz (1995) Piasmodesmal widening accompanies the short-term increase in symplasmic phloem unloading in root tips under osmotic stress. Protoplasma 118 22-37.
84. A. Schulz, C. Kühn, J.W. Riesmeier and W.B. Frommer (1998) Ultrastructural effects in potato leaves due to anti-sense inhibition of the sucrose transporter indicate an apoplasmic mode of phloem loading. Planta 206 533-543.
85. R.D. Sjolund and C.Y. Shih (1983) Freeze-fracture analysis of phloem structure in plant tissue cultures. I. The sieve element reticulum. J Ultrastr Res 82 11-121.
86. J.A.C. Smith and J.A. Milburn (1980) Osmoregulation and the control of phloem-sap composition in Ricinus communis L. Planta 148 28-34.
87. J.A.C. Smith and J.A. Milburn (1980) Phloem turgor and the regulation of sucrose loading in Ricinus communis L. Planta 148 42-48.
88. M. Stitt (1997) The flux of carbon between the chloroplast and cytoplasm. D.T. Dennis, D.H. Turpin, D.D. Lefebvre, D.B. Layzell (Eds) Plant Metabolism 2nd Ed. Harlow, England: Longman Press 382-400.
89. M. Tegeder, X.-D. Wang, W.B. Frommer, C.E. Offler and J.W. Patrick (1999) Sucrose transport into developing seeds of Pisum sativum L. Plant J 18 151-161.
90. B.R. Terry and A.W. Robards (1987) Hydrodynamic radius alone governs the mobility of molecules through plasmodesmata. Planta 171 145-157.
91. M.V. Thompson and N.M. Holbrook (2003) Application of a single-solute non-steady-state phloem model to the study of long-distance assimilate transport. J. Theor Biol 220 419-455.
92. M.V. Thompson and N.M. Holbrook (2003) Scaling phloem transport: Water potential equilibrium and osmoregulatory flow. Plant Cell Environ 26 1561-1577.
93. E. Truernit and N. Sauer (1995) The promoter of the Arabidopsis thaliana SUC2 sucrose-H+ symporter gene directs expression of ß-glucuronidase to the phloem: Evidence for phloem loading by SUC2. Planta 196 564-570.
94. R. Turgeon (1996) Phloem loading and plasmodesmata. Trends Plant Sci 1 418-423.
95. R. Turgeon (1996) The selection of raffinose family oligosaccharides as translocates in higher plants. M.A. Madore, W.J. Lucas (Eds) Compartmentation and Source-Sink Interactions in Plants Rockville, MD: American Society of Plant Physiologists 195-203.
96. R. Turgeon, D.U. Beebe and E. Gowan (1993) The intermediary cell: Minor-vein anatomy and raffinose oligosaccharide synthesis in the Scrophulariaceae. Planta 191 446-456.
97. R. Turgeon and R. Medville (1998) The absence of phloem loading in willow leaves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95 12055-12060.
98. R. Turgeon, R. Medville and K.C. Nixon (2001) The evolution of minor vein phloem and phloem loading. Am J Bot 88 1331-1339.
99. R. Turgeon and L.E. Wimmers (1988) Different patterns of vein loading of exogenous [14C]-sucrose in leaves of Pisum sativum and Coleus blumei. Plant Physiol 87 179-182.
100. S.D. Tyerman, H.J. Bohnert, C. Maurel, E. Steudle and J.A.C. Smith (1999) Plant aqua-porins: Their molecular biology, biophysics and significance for plant water relations. J Exp Bot 50 1055-1071.
101. A.J.E. van Bel (1993) The transport phloem. Specifics of its functioning. Prog Bot 54 134-150.
102. A.J.E. van Bel (1996) Interaction between sieve element and companion cell and the consequences for photoassimilate distribution. Two structural hardware frames with associated software packages in dicotyledons? J Exp Bot 47 1129-1140.
103. A.J.E. van Bel (1996) Carbohydrate processing in the mesophyll trajectory in symplasmic and apoplasmic phloem loading. Prog Bot 57 140-167.
104. A.J.E. van Bel (2003) The phloem, a miracle of ingenuity. Plant CellEnviron 26 125-150.
105. A.J.E. van Bel (2003) Transport phloem: low profile, high impact. Plant Physiol 131 1509-1510.
106. A.J.E. van Bel, A. Ammerlaan and A.A. van Dijk (1994) A three-step screening procedure to identify the mode of phloem loading in intact leaves. Evidence for symplasmic and apoplasmic phloem loading associated wit the type of companion cell. Planta 192 31-39.
107. A.J.E. van Bel, Y.V. Gamalei, A. Ammerlaan and L.P.M. Bik (1992) Dissimilar phloem loading in leaves with symplastic and apoplastic minor vein configurations. Planta 186 518-525.
108. J.T. van Dongen, U. Schurr, M. Pfister and P. Geigenberger (2003) Phloem metabolism and function have to cope with low internal oxygen. Plant Physiol 131 1529-1543.
109. M.W. Vaughn, G.N. Harrington and D.R. Bush (2002) Sucrose-mediated transcriptional regulation of sucrose symporter activity in the phloem. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99 10876-10880.
110. G. Volk and V.R. Franceschi (2000) Localization of a calcium-channel-like protein in the sieve element plasma membrane. Austr J Plant Physiol 27 779-786.
111. D. Vreugdenhil (1985) Source-to-sink gradient of potassium in the phloem. Planta 163 238-240.
112. D. Vreugdenhil and E.A.M. Koot-Gronsveld (1989) Measurements of pH, sucrose and potassium ions in the phloem of castor bean (Ricinus communis) plants. Physiol Plant 77 385-388.
113. A. Weise, L. Barker, C. Kühn, S. Lalonde, H. Buschmann, W.B. Frommer and J.M. Ward (2000) A new subfamily of sucrose transporters, SUT4, with low affinity/high capacity localized in enucleate sieve elements of plants. Plant Cell 12 1345-1355.
114. C. Wilson and W.J. Lucas (1987) Influence of internal sugar levels on apoplasmic retrieval of exogenous sucrose in leaf tissue. Plant Physiol 84 1083-1095.
115. S. Winch and J. Pritchard (1999) Acid-induced cell-wall loosening is confined to the accelerating region of the root growing zone. J Exp Bot 50 1481-1488.
116. R. Zhao, V. Dielen, J.-M. Kinet and M. Boutry (2000) Cosuppression of a plasma membrane H+-ATPase isoform impairs sucrose translocation, stomatal opening, plant growth, and male fertility. Plant Cell 12 535-546.
117. H. Ziegler (1975) Nature of transported substances. M.H. Zimmermann, J.A. Milburn (Eds) Transport in Plants I}. itPhloem Transport Vol. 1 Berlin: Springer-Verlag 59-100. New series