The scales for defining Islamic political radicalism

Islamic Political Radicalism: A European Perspective

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 42-54

  Patel, Ismail Adam ^a  

^a Friends of Al Aqsa ^*  (United Kingdom)

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EID: 84882290644     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (20)

1. For example, Zunes, S. (2001) 'US Policy Toward Political Islam', Foreign Policy in Focus, 6 (24), June, http://www.fpif.org/pdf/vol6/24politicalislam.pdf. Accessed 7 March 2006.
2. Foran, J. (2005) Taking Power: The Origins of Third World Revolutions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 75-7.
3. For US strategic interest in Iraq, see Hagopian, E. (2004) 'The Interlocink of Right- Wing Politics and US Middle East Policy: Solidifying Arab/Muslim Demonisation', in Hagopian, E. C. (ed.) Civil Rights in Peril: The Targeting of Arabs and Muslims, London: Pluto, pp. 198-205. Note also Chomsky, N. (2004) Middle East Illusions, London: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 167-8, describing Saddam Hussein falling out of favour with the US, when he first disobeyed orders, losing his 'moderate' status previously unaffected by 'gassing Kurds and torturing dissidents'.
4. Chomsky (2004), p. 169.
5. Findley, P. (1993) Deliberate Deceptions: Facing the Facts About the US/Israeli Relationship, Chicago: Lawrence Hill.
6. Kelly, F. (1992) 'War Crimes Committed Against the People of Iraq', in Clark, R. et al., War Crimes: A Report on United States War Crimes Against Iraq, Maryland: Maisonneuve Press, p. 47.
7. Schmitt, E. (2002) 'Improved U.S. Accuracy Claimed in Afghan Air War', New York Times, 9 April, p. 16.
8. A useful analysis of the modern Muslim/Christian confrontation can be found in Milton-Edwards, B. (2005) Islamic Fundamentalism Since 1945, London: Routledge, p. 11.
9. Youmans, W. (2004) 'The New Cold Warriors', in Hagopian, E. C. (ed.) Civil Rights in Peril, p. 105.
10. For a summary of US treatment of Arab/Muslim citizens and erosions of their civil liberties, see Bassiouni, M. C. (2004) 'Don't Tread on Me: Is the War on Terror Really a War on Rights?', in Hagopian, E. C. (ed.) Civil Rights in Peril, pp. 1-5.
11. Day, J. (2005) 'French Muslim Leaders Call for Journalists Release', The Guardian, 20 January.
12. Quoted by the BBC from an interview on Al-Jazeera, 'Muslim Group Urges Kember Release': http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4514138.stm. Accessed 7 March 2006.
13. For a discussion of the role of young Muslims in the West, see Ramadan, T. (1999) To Be A European Muslim, Leicester: The Islamic Foundation; and Ramadan, T. (2003) Western Muslims and the Future of Islam, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
14. Spaan, E. and T. Van Naerssen (2005) 'Asia and Europe: Transnationalism, Multiple Linkages and Development', Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 14 (1-2), pp. 1-9.
15. For an analysis of 'Radical Islamist discourse' see Calvert, J. (2004) 'The Mythic Foundations of Radical Islam', Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs, 48 (1), pp. 29-41.
16. 'Europeans view Israel as the No. 1 threat to world peace, ahead of Iran and North Korea, according to a European Commission survey. 59 per cent deemed Israel "a threat to peace in the world", with the figures rising to 60 per cent in Britain, 65 in Germany, 69 in Austria and 74 in Holland.' Evans-Pritchard, A. (2003) 'Israel is No. 1 Threat to Peace, Says EU Poll', The Telegraph, 4 November.
17. Most vocally, this accusation is made against French Muslims. See Graff, J. (2003) 'What's Causing the Anti-Semitic Attacks?', Time Europe, 24 November.
18. Chomsky (2004), p. 169.
19. Sorel, G. ([1950] 1994) Reflections on Violence, New York: Dover Publications, p. 78.
20. Lord Steyn (2005) 'Don't Blame Judges for Half-baked Criminal Legislation', The Independent, 19 October.