메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 172-181

Religious beliefs as moderator of exposure to violence in African American adolescents

Author keywords

Adolescents; Religious beliefs; Spirituality; Violence exposure

Indexed keywords


EID: 84882285905     PISSN: 19411022     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0030879     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 38849185215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community violence in context: Risk and resilience in children and families
    • doi:10.1177/0886260507312287
    • Aisenberg, E., & Herrenkohl, T. (2008). Community violence in context: Risk and resilience in children and families. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 296-315. doi:10.1177/0886260507312287
    • (2008) Journal of Interpersonal Violence , vol.23 , pp. 296-315
    • Aisenberg, E.1    Herrenkohl, T.2
  • 4
    • 84882280610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved From
    • Retrieved from http://caps.net/membership/publications/jpc
  • 5
    • 78651463826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive psychology: African American strengths, resilience, and protective factors
    • H. A. Neville, B. M. Tynes, & S. O. Utsey (Eds. Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Caldwell-Colbert, A. T., Parks, F. M., & Eshun, S. (2009). Positive psychology: African American strengths, resilience, and protective factors. In H. A. Neville, B. M. Tynes, & S. O. Utsey (Eds.), Handbook of African American psychology (pp. 375-384). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • (2009) Handbook of African American Psychology , pp. 375
    • Caldwell-Colbert, A.T.1    Parks, F.M.2    Eshun, S.3
  • 6
    • 20444379708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Retrieved from
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2009). Youth violence: Facts at a glance. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/YVDataSheet-a.pdf
    • (2009) Youth Violence: Facts At A Glance
  • 7
    • 84882247659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Happiness and The varieties of religious experience: Religious support, practices, and spirituality as predictors of well-being. Poster session
    • August Honolulu, HI
    • Ciarrocchi, J. W., & Deneke, E. (2004, August). Happiness and The varieties of religious experience: Religious support, practices, and spirituality as predictors of well-being. Poster session presented at The Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Honolulu, HI.
    • (2004) Presented at The Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association
    • Ciarrocchi, J.W.1    Deneke, E.2
  • 8
  • 9
    • 0345855014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional and behavioral impact of exposure to community violence in inner-city adolescents
    • doi:10 .1207/S15374424JCCP3002-7 doi:10 .1207/S15374424JCCP3002-7
    • Cooley-Quille, M., Boyd, R. C., Frantz, E., & Walsh, J. (2001). Emotional and behavioral impact of exposure to community violence in inner-city adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 199-206. doi:10 .1207/S15374424JCCP3002-7
    • (2001) Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 199-206
    • Cooley-Quille, M.1    Boyd, R.C.2    Frantz, E.3    Walsh, J.4
  • 10
    • 22644448974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescents' exposure to community violence: Sleep and psychological functioning
    • doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199907) 27:4-367: :AID-JCOP1-3.0.CO;2-T
    • Cooley-Quille, M., & Lorion, R. (1999). Adolescents' exposure to community violence: Sleep and psychological functioning. Journal of Community Psychology, 27, 367-375. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199907)27:4-367::AID-JCOP1- 3.0.CO;2-T
    • (1999) Journal of Community Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 367-375
    • Cooley-Quille, M.1    Lorion, R.2
  • 12
    • 33645038679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Religions/spirituality and adolescent health outcomes: A review
    • doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005 10005
    • Cotton, S., Zebracki, K., Rosenthal, S., Tsevat, J., & Drotar, D. (2006). Religions/spirituality and adolescent health outcomes: A review. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38, 472-480. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005 .10.005
    • (2006) Journal of Adolescent Health , vol.38 , pp. 472-480
    • Cotton, S.1    Zebracki, K.2    Rosenthal, S.3    Tsevat, J.4    Drotar, D.5
  • 13
    • 56049111041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive risk factors to the development of anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents
    • doi:10.1007/s10560-008-0156-0157
    • Dia, D. A., & Bradshaw, W. (2008). Cognitive risk factors to the development of anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents. Children & Adolescents Social Work Journal, 25, 469-481. doi:10.1007/s10560-008-0156-7
    • (2008) Children & Adolescents Social Work Journal , vol.25 , pp. 469-481
    • Dia, D.A.1    Bradshaw, W.2
  • 14
    • 0037797914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of media violence on children, adolescents, and adults
    • In S. Kirschner & D. Kirschner, (Eds Washington, DC American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10509-002
    • Donnerstein, E., & Smith, S. L. (1997). Impact of media violence on children, adolescents, and adults. In S. Kirschner & D. Kirschner, (Eds.), Perspectives on psychology and the media (pp. 29-68). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10509-002
    • (1997) Perspectives On Psychology And The Media , pp. 29-68
    • Donnerstein, E.1    Smith, S.L.2
  • 15
    • 4444319787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Religion as a resource for positive youth development: Religion, social capital, and moral outcomes
    • doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.5.703
    • Ebstyne King, P. E., & Furrow, J. L. (2004). Religion as a resource for positive youth development: Religion, social capital, and moral outcomes. Developmental Psychology, 40, 703-713. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.5.703
    • (2004) Developmental Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 703-713
    • Ebstyne King, P.E.1    Furrow, J.L.2
  • 16
    • 85066180984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress, religion, and mental health: Religious coping in mediating and moderating roles
    • doi:10.1207/s15327582ijpr1402-2
    • Fabricatore, A. N., Handal, P. J., Rubio, D. M., & Gilner, F. H. (2004). Stress, religion, and mental health: Religious coping in mediating and moderating roles. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 14, 91-108. doi:10.1207/s15327582ijpr1402-2
    • (2004) International Journal for the Psychology of Religion , vol.14 , pp. 91-108
    • Fabricatore, A.N.1    Handal, P.J.2    Rubio, D.M.3    Gilner, F.H.4
  • 17
    • 0027270227 scopus 로고
    • Exposure to violence and presence of depression among low-income, African American youth
    • doi:10.1037/0022-006X.61.3.528
    • Fitzpatrick, K. M. (1993). Exposure to violence and presence of depression among low-income, African American youth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 528-531. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.61.3.528
    • (1993) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 528-531
    • Fitzpatrick, K.M.1
  • 18
    • 0027537775 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence and consequences of exposure to violence among African-American youth
    • doi:10.1097/00004583-199303000-00026
    • Fitzpatrick, K. M., & Boldizar, J. P. (1993). The prevalence and consequences of exposure to violence among African-American youth. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 424-430. doi:10.1097/00004583-199303000-00026
    • (1993) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , vol.32 , pp. 424-430
    • Fitzpatrick, K.M.1    Boldizar, J.P.2
  • 19
    • 17644376209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressive symptomatology, exposure to violence, and the role of social capital among African American adolescents
    • doi:10.1037/0002-9432.75.2.262
    • Fitzpatrick, K. M., Piko, B. F., Wright, D. R., & LaGory, M. (2005). Depressive symptomatology, exposure to violence, and the role of social capital among African American adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75, 262-274. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.75.2.262
    • (2005) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , vol.75 , pp. 262-274
    • Fitzpatrick, K.M.1    Piko, B.F.2    Wright, D.R.3    LaGory, M.4
  • 20
    • 65649121126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community violence: A meta-analysis on the effect of exposure and mental health outcomes of children and adolescents
    • doi:10.1017/S0954579409000145
    • Fowler, P. J., Tompsett, C. J., Braciszewski, J. M., Jacques-Tiura, A. J., & Baltes, B. B. (2009). Community violence: A meta-analysis on the effect of exposure and mental health outcomes of children and adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 227-259. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000145
    • (2009) Development and Psychopathology , vol.21 , pp. 227-259
    • Fowler, P.J.1    Tompsett, C.J.2    Braciszewski, J.M.3    Jacques-Tiura, A.J.4    Baltes, B.B.5
  • 21
    • 84937379845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between Psychological well-being and Christian faith and practice in an Australian population sample
    • doi:10.1111/1468-5906.00109
    • Francis, L. J., & Kaldor, P. (2002). The relationship between Psychological well-being and Christian faith and practice in an Australian population sample. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41, 179-184. doi:10.1111/1468-5906.00109
    • (2002) Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , vol.41 , pp. 179-184
    • Francis, L.J.1    Kaldor, P.2
  • 22
    • 0036514554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being
    • doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00431
    • Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychological Science, 13, 172-175. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00431
    • (2002) Psychological Science , vol.13 , pp. 172-175
    • Fredrickson, B.L.1    Joiner, T.2
  • 23
    • 27344448929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive affect and The complex dynamics of human flourishing
    • doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.7.678
    • Fredrickson, B. L., & Losada, M. F. (2005). Positive affect and The complex dynamics of human flourishing. American Psychologist, 60, 678-686. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.60.7.678
    • (2005) American Psychologist , vol.60 , pp. 678-686
    • Fredrickson, B.L.1    Losada, M.F.2
  • 24
    • 4444312460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social support factors as moderators of community violence exposure among inner-city African American young adolescents
    • doi: 10.1207/s15374424jccp3303-3
    • Hammack, P. L., Richards, M. H., Luo, Z., Edlynn, E. S., & Roy, K. (2004). Social support factors as moderators of community violence exposure among inner-city African American young adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 450-462. doi: 10.1207/s15374424jccp3303-3
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 450-462
    • Hammack, P.L.1    Richards, M.H.2    Luo, Z.3    Edlynn, E.S.4    Roy, K.5
  • 25
    • 55149087505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of the brief multidimensional measure of religiousness/spirituality among adolescents
    • doi:10.1007/s10943-007-9154-x
    • Harris, S. K., Sherritt, L. R., Holder, D. W., Kulig, J., Shrier, L. A., & Knight, J. R. (2008). Reliability and validity of the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality among adolescents. Journal of Religion and Health, 47, 438-457. doi:10.1007/s10943-007-9154-x
    • (2008) Journal of Religion and Health , vol.47 , pp. 438-457
    • Harris, S.K.1    Sherritt, L.R.2    Holder, D.W.3    Kulig, J.4    Shrier, L.A.5    Knight, J.R.6
  • 26
    • 84970118742 scopus 로고
    • Initial development of the Student's Life Satisfaction scale
    • doi:10.1177/0143034391123010
    • Huebner, E. S. (1991). Initial development of the Student's Life Satisfaction scale. School Psychology International, 12, 231-240. doi:10.1177/0143034391123010
    • (1991) School Psychology International , vol.12 , pp. 231-240
    • Huebner, E.S.1
  • 27
    • 1242276758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research on assessment of life satisfaction of children and adolescents
    • doi: 10.1023/B:SOCI.0000007497.57754.e3
    • Huebner, E. S. (2004). Research on assessment of life satisfaction of children and adolescents. Social Indicators Research, 66, 3-33. doi: 10.1023/B:SOCI.0000007497.57754.e3
    • (2004) Social Indicators Research , vol.66 , pp. 3-33
    • Huebner, E.S.1
  • 28
    • 0031828146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to violence and trauma: Questionnaire for adolescents
    • doi:10.1080/09540269874790
    • Joshi, P. T., & Kaschak, D. G. (1998). Exposure to violence and trauma: Questionnaire for adolescents. International Review of Psychiatry, 10, 208-215. doi:10.1080/09540269874790
    • (1998) International Review of Psychiatry , vol.10 , pp. 208-215
    • Joshi, P.T.1    Kaschak, D.G.2
  • 29
    • 6944242602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessibility of causal explanations for future positive and negative events in adolescents with anxiety and depression
    • doi:10.1002/cpp.407
    • Kagan, L. J., MacLeod, A. K., & Pote, H. L. (2004). Accessibility of causal explanations for future positive and negative events in adolescents with anxiety and depression. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 11, 177-186. doi:10.1002/cpp.407
    • (2004) Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy , vol.11 , pp. 177-186
    • Kagan, L.J.1    MacLeod, A.K.2    Pote, H.L.3
  • 30
    • 43249140303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life satisfaction and spirituality in adolescents
    • doi:10.1163/ej.9789004158511.i-301.91
    • Kelley, B. S., & Miller, L. (2007). Life satisfaction and spirituality in adolescents. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, 18, 233-262. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004158511.i-301.91
    • (2007) Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion , vol.18 , pp. 233-262
    • Kelley, B.S.1    Miller, L.2
  • 31
    • 33846382689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protecting children from the dangers of urban poverty
    • doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.07 004
    • Kiser, L. J. (2007). Protecting children from the dangers of urban poverty. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 211-225. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.07 .004
    • (2007) Clinical Psychology Review , vol.27 , pp. 211-225
    • Kiser, L.J.1
  • 33
    • 55149092061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Religious coping by children and adolescents: Unexplored territory in the realm of spiritual development
    • In E. C. Roehlkepartain, P. E. King, L. Wagener, & P. L. Benson (Eds Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Mahoney, A., Pendleton, S., & Ihrke, H. (2006). Religious coping by children and adolescents: Unexplored territory in the realm of spiritual development. In E. C. Roehlkepartain, P. E. King, L. Wagener, & P. L. Benson (Eds.), The handbook of spiritual development in childhood and adolescence (pp. 341-354). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • (2006) Handbook Of Spiritual Development In Childhood And Adolescence , pp. 341-354
    • Mahoney, A.1    Pendleton, S.2    Ihrke, H.3
  • 35
    • 0347287810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A relational framework for the study of religiosity and spirituality in the lives of African Americans
    • doi:10.1002/jcop.1034
    • Mattis, J. S., & Jagers, R. J. (2001). A relational framework for the study of religiosity and spirituality in the lives of African Americans. Journal of Community Psychology, 29, 519-539. doi:10.1002/jcop.1034
    • (2001) Journal of Community Psychology , vol.29 , pp. 519-539
    • Mattis, J.S.1    Jagers, R.J.2
  • 36
    • 84877851459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Religion and spirituality
    • In H. A. Neville, B. M. Tynes, & S. O. Utsey (Eds Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Mattis, J. S., & Watson, C. R. (2009). Religion and spirituality. In H. A. Neville, B. M. Tynes, & S. O. Utsey (Eds.), Handbook of African American psychology (pp. 91-102). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • (2009) Handbook of African American Psychology , pp. 91-102
    • Mattis, J.S.1    Watson, C.R.2
  • 37
    • 0036876085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Religiousness and sexual responsibility in adolescent girls
    • doi: 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00403-2
    • Miller, L., & Gur, M. (2002). Religiousness and sexual responsibility in adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31, 401-406. doi: 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00403-2
    • (2002) Journal of Adolescent Health , vol.31 , pp. 401-406
    • Miller, L.1    Gur, M.2
  • 38
    • 33750329287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spiritually oriented psychotherapy with youth: A child-centered approach
    • In E. C. Roehlkepartain, P. E. King, L Wagener, & P. L. Benson (Eds Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Miller, L., & Kelley, B. (2006). Spiritually oriented psychotherapy with youth: A child-centered approach. In E. C. Roehlkepartain, P. E. King, L Wagener, & P. L. Benson (Eds.), The handbook of spiritual development in childhood and adolescence (pp. 421-434). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • (2006) Handbook Of Spiritual Development In Childhood And Adolescence , pp. 421-434
    • Miller, L.1    Kelley, B.2
  • 39
    • 33745838241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between religious coping and suicidal behaviors among African American adolescents
    • doi: 10.1177/0095798406290466
    • Molock, S. D., Puri, R., Matlin, S., & Barksdale, C. (2006). Relationship between religious coping and suicidal behaviors among African American adolescents. Journal of Black Psychology, 32, 366-389. doi: 10.1177/0095798406290466
    • (2006) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 366-389
    • Molock, S.D.1    Puri, R.2    Matlin, S.3    Barksdale, C.4
  • 40
    • 51449090560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Child Traumatic Stress Network Retrieved from
    • National Child Traumatic Stress Network. (2008). Child trauma toolkit for educators. Retrieved from http://www.nctsnet.org/site/default/files/assets/ pdfs/Child-Trauma-Toolkit-Final.pdf
    • (2008) Child Trauma Toolkit For Educators
  • 41
    • 0027299640 scopus 로고
    • Chronic community violence: What is happening to our children? Psychiatry
    • Retrieved from
    • Osofsky, J. D., Wewers, S., Hann, D. M., & Fick, A. C. (1993). Chronic community violence: What is happening to our children? Psychiatry: Journal for the Study of Interpersonal Processes, 56, 36-45. Retrieved from http://www/guilford.com/cgi-bin/cartscript.cgi?page-pr/jnps .htm&dir- periodicals/per-psych&cart-id-665065.26466
    • (1993) Journal for the Study of Interpersonal Processes , vol.56 , pp. 36-45
    • Osofsky, J.D.1    Wewers, S.2    Hann, D.M.3    Fick, A.C.4
  • 42
    • 14544277557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of violence on urban adolescents: Longitudinal effects of perceived school connection and family support
    • doi:10.1177/0743558404273072
    • Ozer, E. J. (2005). The impact of violence on urban adolescents: Longitudinal effects of perceived school connection and family support. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20, 167-192. doi:10.1177/0743558404273072
    • (2005) Journal of Adolescent Research , vol.20 , pp. 167-192
    • Ozer, E.J.1
  • 44
    • 85066226925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychology of religion and spirituality? Yes or no
    • doi:10.1207/s15327582ijpr0901-2
    • Pargament, K. I. (1999a). The psychology of religion and spirituality? Yes or no. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 9, 3-16. doi:10.1207/s15327582ijpr0901-2
    • (1999) International Journal for the Psychology of Religion , vol.9 , pp. 3-16
    • Pargament, K.I.1
  • 45
    • 0000002165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kalamazoo, MI: Fetzer Institute. Retrieved from
    • Pargament, K. I. (1999b). Religious/spiritual coping. Kalamazoo, MI: Fetzer Institute. Retrieved from http://www.fetzer.org/images/stories/pdf/ MultidimensionalBooklet.pdf?phpMyAdmin-1
    • (1999) Religious/Spiritual Coping
    • Pargament, K.I.1
  • 46
    • 0041075615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spiritual transcendence and the scientific study of spirituality
    • Retrieved from
    • Piedmont, R. L. (2001). Spiritual transcendence and the scientific study of spirituality. Journal of Rehabilitation, 67, 4-14. Retrieved from http://www.accessmylibrary.com/archive/5155-the-journal-of-rehabilitation .html
    • (2001) Journal of Rehabilitation , vol.67 , pp. 4-14
    • Piedmont, R.L.1
  • 47
    • 33645023449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of associations among religiosity/spirituality and adolescent health attitudes and behaviors
    • doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth .2005 02004
    • Rew, L., & Wong, Y. J. (2006). A systematic review of associations among religiosity/spirituality and adolescent health attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38, 433-442. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth .2005.02.004
    • (2006) Journal of Adolescent Health , vol.38 , pp. 433-442
    • Rew, L.1    Wong, Y.J.2
  • 48
    • 0027211093 scopus 로고
    • The NIMH community violence project: I & I I children as victims of and witnesses to violence
    • Richters, J. E., & Martinez, P. (1993). The NIMH Community Violence Project: I & I. I. Children as victims of and witnesses to violence. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 56, 7-21
    • (1993) Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes , vol.56 , pp. 7-21
    • Richters, J.E.1    Martinez, P.2
  • 49
    • 1642369076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of ecological variables and psychological distress with exposure to community violence among adolescents
    • Rosenthal, B. S., & Wilson, W. C. (2003). The association of ecological variables and psychological distress with exposure to community violence among adolescents. Adolescence, 38, 459-479
    • (2003) Adolescence , vol.38 , pp. 459-479
    • Rosenthal, B.S.1    Wilson, W.C.2
  • 50
    • 0040781842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial adversity: Risk, resilience and recovery
    • In J. M. Richman & M.W. Fraser (Eds Westport, CT Praeger
    • Rutter, M. (2001). Psychosocial adversity: Risk, resilience and recovery. In J. M. Richman & M.W. Fraser (Eds.), The context of youth violence (pp. 31-41). Westport, CT: Praeger
    • (2001) Context Of Youth Violence , pp. 31-41
    • Rutter, M.1
  • 51
    • 0028814079 scopus 로고
    • Adolescents' exposure to violence and associated symptoms of psychological trauma
    • doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520300051036
    • Singer, M. I., Anglin, T. M., Song, L., & Longhofer, L. (1995). Adolescents' exposure to violence and associated symptoms of Psychological trauma. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 273, 477-482. doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520300051036
    • (1995) JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.273 , pp. 477-482
    • Singer, M.I.1    Anglin, T.M.2    Song, L.3    Longhofer, L.4
  • 53
    • 0002960088 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of state and trait anxiety: Conceptual and methodological issues
    • Spielberger, C. D. (1985). Assessment of state and trait anxiety: Conceptual and methodological issues. Southern Psychologist, 2, 6-16
    • (1985) Southern Psychologist , vol.2 , pp. 6-16
    • Spielberger, C.D.1
  • 54
    • 9344250524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity: Examining the benefits of positive emotions on coping and health
    • doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00294.x
    • Tugade, M. M., Fredrickson, B. L., & Barrett, L. F. (2004). Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity: Examining the benefits of positive emotions on coping and health. Journal of Personality, 72, 1161-1190. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00294.x
    • (2004) Journal of Personality , vol.72 , pp. 1161-1190
    • Tugade, M.M.1    Fredrickson, B.L.2    Barrett, L.F.3
  • 55
    • 0003822271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kalamazoo, MI: Fetzer Institute. Retrieved from
    • Underwood, L. G. (1999). Daily spiritual experiences. Kalamazoo, MI: Fetzer Institute. Retrieved from http://www.fetzer.org/images/stories/pdf/ MultidimensionalBooklet.pdf?phpMyAdmin-1
    • (1999) Daily Spiritual Experiences
    • Underwood, L.G.1
  • 56
    • 0036117550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale: Development, theoretical description, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and preliminary construct validity using health-related data
    • doi:10.1207/S15324796ABM2401-04
    • Underwood, L. G., & Teresi, J. A. (2002). The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale: Development, theoretical description, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and preliminary construct validity using health-related data. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 22-33. doi:10.1207/S15324796ABM2401-04
    • (2002) Annals of Behavioral Medicine , vol.24 , pp. 22-33
    • Underwood, L.G.1    Teresi, J.A.2
  • 57
    • 34047172046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of family and community violence exposure among youth: Recommendations for practice and policy
    • doi:10.5175/JSWE.2007 200400473
    • Voisin, D. R. (2007). The effects of family and community violence exposure among youth: Recommendations for practice and policy. Journal of Social Work Education, 43, 51-66. doi:10.5175/JSWE.2007 .200400473
    • (2007) Journal of Social Work Education , vol.43 , pp. 51-66
    • Voisin, D.R.1
  • 58
    • 0346103794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of race and religion on abstinence from alcohol, cigarettes and marijuana among adolescents
    • Retrieved from
    • Wallace, J. M., Brown, T. N., Bachman, J. G., & LaVeist, T. A. (2003). The influence of race and religion on abstinence from alcohol, cigarettes and marijuana among adolescents. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 64, 843-848. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id-GALE%7CA112247915 &v-2.1&u-loyoland-main&it-r&p-AONE&sw-w
    • (2003) Journal of Studies on Alcohol , vol.64 , pp. 843-848
    • Wallace, J.M.1    Brown, T.N.2    Bachman, J.G.3    LaVeist, T.A.4
  • 60
    • 0002103607 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral disinhibition versus constraint: A dispositional perspective
    • In D. M. Wegner & J. W. Pennebaker (Eds Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall
    • Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1993). Behavioral disinhibition versus constraint: A dispositional perspective. In D. M. Wegner & J. W. Pennebaker (Eds.), Handbook of mental control (pp. 506-527). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
    • (1993) Handbook of Mental Control , pp. 506-527
    • Watson, D.1    Clark, L.A.2
  • 61
    • 0024023344 scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
    • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 1063-1070
    • Watson, D.1    Clark, L.A.2    Tellegen, A.3
  • 62
    • 0000047325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of exposure to community violence on anxiety: A longitudinal study of family social support as a protective factor for urban children
    • doi:10.1023/A:1022943216319
    • White, K. S., Bruce, S. E., Farrell, A. D., & Kliewer, W. (1998). Impact of exposure to community violence on anxiety: A longitudinal study of family social support as a protective factor for urban children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 7, 187-203. doi:10.1023/A:1022943216319
    • (1998) Journal of Child and Family Studies , vol.7 , pp. 187-203
    • White, K.S.1    Bruce, S.E.2    Farrell, A.D.3    Kliewer, W.4
  • 63
    • 0345269129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buffering effect of religiosity for adolescent substance use
    • doi:10.1037/0893-164X.17.1.24
    • Wills, T. A., Yaeger, A. M., & Sandy, J. M. (2003). Buffering effect of religiosity for adolescent substance use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 17, 24-31. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.17.1.24
    • (2003) Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , vol.17 , pp. 24-31
    • Wills, T.A.1    Yaeger, A.M.2    Sandy, J.M.3
  • 64
    • 84963145330 scopus 로고
    • The multidimensional scale of perceived social support
    • doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5201-2
    • Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52, 30-41. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5201-2
    • (1988) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.52 , pp. 30-41
    • Zimet, G.D.1    Dahlem, N.W.2    Zimet, S.G.3    Farley, G.K.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.