Initiating basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: Practical steps to optimize glycemic control

American Journal of Medicine

Volumn 126, Issue 9 SUPPL.1, 2013, Pages

  Philis Tsimikas, Athena ^a  

^a Whittier Institute for Diabetes   (United States)

Author keywords

Basal insulin; Insulin detemir; Insulin glargine

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR; EXENDIN 4; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1 RECEPTOR AGONIST; GLUCOSE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; INSULIN; INSULIN DETEMIR; INSULIN GLARGINE; ISOPHANE INSULIN; LIRAGLUTIDE; MEGLITINIDE; METFORMIN; ORAL ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; PIOGLITAZONE; ROSIGLITAZONE; SITAGLIPTIN; SULFONYLUREA;

ADD ON THERAPY; ARTICLE; BEDTIME DOSAGE; BLADDER CANCER; BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG DOSE INTENSIFICATION; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG EFFICACY; EDEMA; FRACTURE; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HEART FAILURE; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; INSULIN TREATMENT; MORNING DOSAGE; NOCTURNAL HYPOGLYCEMIA; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PATIENT EDUCATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK REDUCTION; SIDE EFFECT; WEIGHT GAIN;

BASAL INSULIN; INSULIN DETEMIR; INSULIN GLARGINE;

DECISION MAKING; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; HEMOGLOBIN A, GLYCOSYLATED; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; INSULIN, LONG-ACTING; PATIENT EDUCATION AS TOPIC; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE;

EID: 84882271234     PISSN: 00029343     EISSN: 15557162     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.06.010     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. J.E. Shaw, R.A. Sicree, and P.Z. Zimmet Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030 Diabetes Res Clin Pract 87 2010 4 14
2. World Health Organization. Diabetes fact sheet 312 (2011). Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/. Accessed April 22, 2013.
3. S.E. Inzucchi, R.M. Bergenstal, and J.B. Buse Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach: position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) Diabetes Care 35 2012 1364 1379
4. A.J. Karter, H.H. Moffet, and J. Liu Glycemic response to newly initiated diabetes therapies Am J Manag Care 13 2007 598 606 (Pubitemid 350106949)
5. R.C. Turner, C.A. Cull, V. Frighi, and R.R. Holman Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group JAMA 281 1999 2005 2012 (Pubitemid 29254858)
6. S.E. Kahn, S.M. Haffner, and M.A. Heise Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy N Engl J Med 355 2006 2427 2443 (Pubitemid 44903747)
7. A. Wright, A.C. Burden, R.B. Paisey, C.A. Cull, R.R. Holman UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group UKPDS 57. Sulfonylurea inadequacy: efficacy of addition of insulin over 6 years in patients with type 2 diabetes in the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 57) Diabetes Care 25 2002 330 336 (Pubitemid 41079631)
8. I.M. Stratton, A.I. Adler, and H.A. Neil Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study BMJ 321 2000 405 412 (Pubitemid 30609442)
9. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group U.K. prospective diabetes study 16. Overview of 6 years' therapy of type II diabetes: a progressive disease Diabetes 44 1995 1249 1253
10. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33) Lancet 352 9131 1998 837 853
11. R.R. Holman, K.I. Thorne, and A.J. Farmer Addition of biphasic, prandial, or basal insulin to oral therapy in type 2 diabetes N Engl J Med 357 2007 1716 1730 (Pubitemid 350005153)
12. L.F. Meneghini Intensifying insulin therapy: what options are available to patients with type 2 diabetes? Am J Med 126 Suppl 2013 S28 S37
13. American Diabetes Association Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2013 Diabetes Care 36 Suppl 1 2013 S11 S66
14. A.J. Garber, M.J. Abrahamson, and J.I. Barzilay AACE comprehensive diabetes management algorithm 2013 Endocr Pract 19 2013 327 336
15. A. Rubino, L.J. McQuay, S.C. Gough, M. Kvasz, and P. Tennis Delayed initiation of subcutaneous insulin therapy after failure of oral glucose-lowering agents in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a population-based analysis in the UK Diabet Med 24 2007 1412 1418 (Pubitemid 350179434)
16. G.A. Nichols, Y.H. Koo, and S.N. Shah Delay of insulin addition to oral combination therapy despite inadequate glycemic control: delay of insulin therapy J Gen Intern Med 22 2007 453 458 (Pubitemid 46941217)
17. M. Peyrot, R.R. Rubin, and T. Lauritzen International DAWN Advisory Panel Resistance to insulin therapy among patients and providers: results of the cross-national Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN) study Diabetes Care 28 2005 2673 2679 (Pubitemid 43951158)
18. L.A. Leiter, A. Ceriello, J.A. Davidson International Prandial Glucose Regulation Study Group Postprandial glucose regulation: new data and new implications Clin Ther 27 Suppl B 2005 S42 S56
19. S.A. Ross Breaking down patient and physician barriers to optimize glycemic control in type 2 diabetes Am J Med 126 Suppl 2013 S38 S48
20. A.J. Karter, U. Subramanian, and C. Saha Barriers to insulin initiation: the translating research into action for diabetes insulin starts project Diabetes Care 33 2010 733 735
21. T. Kunt, and F.J. Snoek Barriers to insulin initiation and intensification and how to overcome them Int J Clin Pract Suppl 164 2009 6 10
22. L.A. Donnelly, A.D. Morris, and B.M. Frier Frequency and predictors of hypoglycaemia in Type 1 and insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes: a population-based study Diabet Med 22 2005 749 755 (Pubitemid 40805897)
23. P.E. Cryer The barrier of hypoglycemia in diabetes Diabetes 57 2008 3169 3176
24. S. Nordfeldt, C. Johansson, E. Carlsson, and J.A. Hammersjö Persistent effects of a pedagogical device targeted at prevention of severe hypoglycaemia: a randomized, controlled study Acta Paediatr 94 2005 1395 1401 (Pubitemid 41510648)
25. J. Rosenstock Basal insulin supplementation in type 2 diabetes; refining the tactics Am J Med 116 Suppl 3A 2004 10S 16S (Pubitemid 38167752)
26. P.W. Mu, Y.M. Chen, and H.Y. Lu Effects of a combination of oral antidiabetes drugs with basal insulin therapy on β-cell function and glycaemic control in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes Diabetes Metab Res Rev 28 2012 236 240
27. P. Lucidi, F. Porcellati, and P. Rossetti Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of therapeutic doses of basal insulins NPH, glargine, and detemir after 1 week of daily administration at bedtime in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized cross-over study Diabetes Care 34 2011 1312 1314
28. H. Yki-Järvinen, A. Dressler, M. Ziemen HOE 901/300s Study Group Less nocturnal hypoglycemia and better post-dinner glucose control with bedtime insulin glargine compared with bedtime NPH insulin during insulin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 23 2000 1130 1136 (Pubitemid 30616801)
29. M.C. Riddle, J. Rosenstock, J. Gerich, and Insulin Glargine 4002 Study Investigators The treat-to-target trial: randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients Diabetes Care 26 2003 3080 3086 (Pubitemid 37339502)
30. K. Hermansen, M. Davies, and T. Derezinski A 26-week, randomized, parallel, treat-to-target trial comparing insulin detemir with NPH insulin as add-on therapy to oral glucose-lowering drugs in insulin-naive people with type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 29 2006 1269 1274 (Pubitemid 44125921)
31. A. Philis-Tsimikas, G. Charpentier, and P. Clauson Comparison of once-daily insulin detemir with NPH insulin added to a regimen of oral antidiabetic drugs in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes Clin Ther 28 2006 1569 1581 (Pubitemid 44856694)
32. J. Rosenstock, G. Dailey, and M. Massi-Benedetti Reduced hypoglycemia risk with insulin glargine: a meta-analysis comparing insulin glargine with human NPH insulin in type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 28 2005 950 955 (Pubitemid 40434505)
33. M. Monami, N. Marchionni, and E. Mannucci Long-acting insulin analogues versus NPH human insulin in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis Diabetes Res Clin Pract 81 2008 184 189
34. J. Rosenstock, M. Davies, and P.D. Home A randomised, 52-week, treat-to-target trial comparing insulin detemir with insulin glargine when administered as add-on to glucose-lowering drugs in insulin-naive people with type 2 diabetes Diabetologia 51 2008 408 416
35. A.C. Simon, and J.H. DeVries The future of basal insulin supplementation Diabetes Technol Ther 13 Suppl 1 2011 S103 S108
36. D.M. Nathan, J.B. Buse, and M.B. Davidson Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes Diabetes Care 32 2009 193 203
37. L.F. Meneghini, A. Dornhorst, S. Sreenan PREDICTIVE Study Group Once-daily insulin detemir in a cohort of insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a sub-analysis from the PREDICTIVE study Curr Med Res Opin 25 2009 1029 1035
38. L. Meneghini, C. Koenen, W. Weng, and J.L. Selam The usage of a simplified self-titration dosing guideline (303 Algorithm) for insulin detemir in patients with type 2 diabetes-results of the randomized, controlled PREDICTIVE 303 study Diabetes Obes Metab 9 2007 902 913 (Pubitemid 47555212)
39. L. Blonde, M. Merilainen, V. Karwe, P. Raskin TITRATE Study Group Patient-directed titration for achieving glycemic goals using a once-daily basal insulin analogue: an assessment of two different fasting plasma glucose targets - the TITRATE study Diabetes Obes Metab 11 2009 623 631
40. Workgroup on Hypoglycemia American Diabetes Association Defining and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes: a report from the American Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Diabetes Care 28 2005 1245 1249
41. I.B. Hirsch, R.M. Bergenstal, C.G. Parkin, E. Wright, and J.B. Buse A real-world approach to insulin therapy in clinical practice Clin Diabetes 23 2005 78 86 (Pubitemid 40965048)
42. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: ongoing review of Avandia (rosiglitazone) and cardiovascular safety. February 2010. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm201418.htm. Accessed April 22, 2013.
43. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug safety communication: update to ongoing safety review of Actos (pioglitazone) and increased risk of bladder cancer. June 2011. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm259150. htm. Accessed April 22, 2013.
44. T. Bailey Options for combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: comparison of ADA/EASD position statement and AACE/ACE algorithm Am J Med 126 Suppl 2013 S10 S20
45. Jonas D, Van Scoyoc E, Gerrald K, et al. Drug class review: newer diabetes medications, TZDs, and combinations: final original report. Portland, OR: Oregon Health & Science University; 2011. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK54209/. Accessed April 22, 2013.
46. European Medicines Agency. Press release: June 2011. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/news-and-events/news/2011/06/ news-detail-001275.jsp&murl=menus/news-and-events/news-and-events. jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058004d5c1. Accessed April 22, 2013.
47. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Januvia prescribing information. Available at: http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi-circulars/j/januvia/januvia-pi.pdf. Accessed April 22, 2013.
48. P. Hollander, K. Raslova, T.V. Skjøth, J. Råstam, and J.F. Liutkus Efficacy and safety of insulin detemir once daily in combination with sitagliptin and metformin: the TRANSITION randomized controlled trial Diabetes Obes Metab 13 2011 268 275
49. J.B. Buse, R.M. Bergenstal, and L.C. Glass Use of twice-daily exenatide in basal insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial Ann Intern Med 154 2011 103 112
50. S.C. Bain, J.H. DeVries, and J. Seufert Adding insulin detemir (IDet) to liraglutide and metformin improves glycaemic control with sustained weight reduction and low hypoglycaemia rate: 52 week results Diabetologia 54 Suppl 1 2011 S37
51. Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Byetta® (exenatide) package insert. October 2011. Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda-docs/label/ 2011/021773s029s030lbl.pdf. Accessed April 22, 2013.
52. Bristol-Myers Squibb/AstraZeneca. Byetta® (exenatide) SPC. July 2012. Available at: http://www.medicines.org.uk/EMC/medicine/19257/SPC/ Byetta+5+micrograms+solution+for+injection%2c+prefilled+pen. ++Byetta+10+micrograms+solution+for+injection%2c+prefilled+pen./. Accessed April 22, 2013.
53. Novo Nordisk A/S. Levemir® (insulin detemir) SPC. November 2011. Available at: http://www.medicines.org.uk/EMC/medicine/14584/SPC/ Levemir++Cartridge+100+U+ml+-+Penfill%2c++Levemir+Pre-filled+Pen+100+U+ml+- +FlexPen+and+InnoLet/. Accessed April 22, 2013.
54. Novo Nordisk, Inc. Levemir® (insulin detemir) package insert. May 2011. Available at: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda-docs/label/2012/ 021536s041lbl.pdf. Accessed April 22, 2013.