THE GOOD, THE BAD AND THE ANONYMOUS: A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF SCOTS IN THE DUTCH EAST INDIES 1612-1707

Northern Scotland

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 63-76

  Murdoch, Steve ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84882174467     PISSN: 03065278     EISSN: 20422717     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3366/nor.2002.0005     Document Type: Note

References (77)

1. ' G. J. Knapp (ed.), Memories van Overgave van Gouverneurs van Ambon in de zeventiende en achttiende eeuw ('s-Gravenhage, 1987), p.99. Anthonio van den Heuvel, 30 August 1633. 'Dit hebbe in't seeker verden dat soodanige wilde menschen gelijk in Schotland ende Irlant, oock doorgans in de eylanden van Indien, in sonderheyt op ceram ende veel andere andere eylanden onder't gebiet van den tarnataenschen conick te weten op de custe van Batochina sijn te v inden'. I thank Ardis Dreisbach-Grosjean and Edda Frankot for helping me work with the older Dutch language used in this article.
2. Calendar of State Papers Colonial: East Indies, China and Japan [hereafter CSPCol.] (5 vols., London, 1862-1892), I, 1513-1616, 296. Court Minutes, 8-9 June 1614.
3. CSPCol, II, 1617-1621, 163. Carlton to Secretary Lake from The Hague, 30 April 1618; CSPCol., Ill, 1622-1624, 41. Carmichael to the King, c.1622. Note that letters of reprisal should not be confused with letters of marque. Letters of marque were issued against an enemy of the nation in time of war, and the crew could raid, plunder or sink any ship taken. Letters of reprisal were issued where there it had become clear that there had been no satisfaction in regard to a particular incident involving the individual in receipt of the letter. Any ship taken by him had to be turned over to the authorities who would then effectively hold ship, crew and cargo hostage until satisfaction for the original grievance was made.
4. National Archives of Scotland [hereafter NAS], GD 226/18/21/7 24 April 1625 and GD 226/18/21/8, 5 May 1629.1 would like to thank Professor Allan I. Macinnes for these references.
5. J. Keay, The Honourable Company: A History of the English East India Company (London, 1991), 91.1 would like to thank Dr Shona Vance for this reference.
6. J. H. Burton, The Scot Abroad (2 vols., Edinburgh and London, 1864); Th. A. Fischer, The Scots in Germany (Edinburgh, 1902); Th. A. Fischer, The Scots in Eastern and Western Prussia (Edinburgh, 1903); Th. A. Fischer, The Scots in Sweden, (Edinburgh, 1907); A. F. Steuart, Scottish Influences in Russian History, from the end of the 16th to the beginning of the 19th century (Glasgow, 1913);T. Riis, Should Auld Acquaintance Be Forgot … Scottish-Danish Relations c. 1450-1707 (2 vols., Odense, 1988); A. Grosjean 'Scots and the Swedish State: Diplomacy, Military Service and Ennoblement 1611-1660' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998); S. Murdoch, Britain, Denmark-Norway and the House of Stuart 1603-1660 (East Linton, 2000).
7. A. B. Pernal and R. P. Gasse, 'The 1651 Polish Subsidy to the Exiled Charles II' in Oxford Slavonic Papers, XXXII, 1999, 15.
8. His genealogy is mentioned in E. J. Courthope (ed.), The Journal of Thomas Cuningham of Campvere 1640-1654 (Edinburgh, 1928), xiii.
9. W. Ph. Coolhaas (ed.), Generate missiven van gouverneurs-generaal en raden aan Heren XVII der Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (11 vols., 's-Gravenhage, 1960-1997) [hereafter GMVOC], VII, 1713-1725, 482. Hendrik Zwaardecroon, 29 October 1720.
10. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 132. Joannnes Camphuys, 23 December 1687.
11. " CSPD, 1639,234.
12. R. C. Anderson (ed.), The Journals of Sir Thomas Allin 1660-1678 (2 vols., London, 1890), II, 214.1 would like to thank my former student, Andy Little, for this, and the following two references.
13. J. D. Davies, Gentlemen and Tarpaulins: The Officers and Men of the Restoration Navy (Oxford, 1991), 84.
14. R. L. Ollard, Man of War: Sir Robert Holmes and the Restoration Navy (London, 1969), 87.
15. CSPCol. I, 1513-1616, p.275. Court minutes, 4 and 8 February 1614.
16. Acts of the Privy Council of England (45 vols., London, 1890-1964), James I, IV, 70-72 and 77: 15 and 18 March 1618, Revocation of Patent and Order of Reimbursement for Sir James Cunningham; CSPCol., II, 1617-1621, 113-114, 137, 162 and 218. Various EIC court minutes ordering James Cunningham to desist his operations and to be compensated for his expenses, March-December 1618.
17. For more on the Scottish staple see M. P. Rosenboom, The Scottish Staple in The Netherlands (The Hague, 1910).
18. Courthope, The Journal of Thomas Cuningham, xi-xii.
19. M. Fry, The Herald, 10 September 1999, 19.
20. Arsip Nasional Indonesia. Microfilm 'Fiches Collecyie' Reel No.29, [ANI MF 29C] Group C. William Cunningham.
21. Fry, The Herald, 10 September 1999, 19.
22. P. J. Marshall, 'The English in Asia to 1700' in N. Canny (ed.), 77ie Oxford History of the British Empire, vol.1. The Origins of Empire (Oxford, 1998), 271.
23. A. Calder, Revolutionary Empire: The Rise of the English Speaking Empires from the Fifteenth century to the 1780s (New York, 1981), 161.
24. Calder, Revolutionary Empire, 162; P. Lawson, The East India Company, A History (London, 1993), 31-32.
25. CSPCol, IV, 1625-1629, 686-691. 'A true relation of The Netherland's Honourable East India Company's agents proceedings against the English at Amboyna…' by George Forbes, servant within the castle, 13 November 1629. Another Briton employed by the Dutch at the castle was the 'Welsh Englishman', Roland Solours, a 'quarter gunner'. He too interpreted some of the English written testimony for the Dutch. For more on Forbes's testimony see also the same volume, 411-412, 428, 449 and 528-9.
26. CSPCol, V, 1630-1634, 68, 41, 77 and 237.
27. GMVOC, II, 1639-1655, 68. Antonio van Diemen et al., Batavia, 18 December 1639.
28. Mr J.A. van der Chijs, (ed.), Dagh register gehouden int Casteel Batavia vant passerende daer ter plaetse als over geheel Nederlands India Anno 1640-41 (Batavia 1887), 4. 10 September 1640.
29. Van der Chijs, Dagh register. Anno 1640-41, 39. 28 September 1640.
30. Van der Chijs, Dagh register, Anno 1640-41, 121. 10 December 1640.
31. Van der Chijs, Dagh register, Anno 1640-41, 161. 15 January 1641.
32. GMVOC, IV, 1675-1685, 473, note 1.
33. C. R. Hansen (ed.), Aktstykker og Oplysinger til Rigsraadets og Stxnderm^derners Historie i Frederik Ill's Tid (2 vols., Copengagen, 1974), 240. See also E. J. Graham, 'The Scottish Marine During the Dutch Wars' in The Scottish Historical Review, LXI, 1982.
34. ANI MF 29C, Group C. I, Couper, Jacob. Koopman wordt appenhooft van Japana 22 Mei 1671. GMVOC, IV, 1675-1685, 473, note 1.
35. ANI MF 29C, Group C. I, Couper, Jacob. Testamenten Register, Batavia, f.l 11. The confirmation of this will took place on 22 August 1678.
36. E. M. Beerman (ed.) R. Nieuwenhuys, F. van Rosevelt (trans.), Mirror of the Indies: A History of Dutch Colonial Literature (Amherst, 1982), ix.
37. F. de Haan, Dagh register Anno 1680, 76-78. 17 February 1680.
38. GMVOC, IV, 1675-1685, 473-3 and 481. Van Goens, 4 November 1681.
39. GMVOC, IV, 1675-1685, 585, Cornells Speelman, 19 March 1683.
40. GMVOC, IV, 1675-1685, 588. Cornelis Speelman, Batavia, 19 March 1683.
41. ANI MF 29C, Group C. I, Couper, Jacob. See his Testament in Testamenten register, 1683/84, f.1092, where he is described as 'Commander van westkust van Java'.
42. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 287. Joannes Camphuys, 31 March 1689.
43. ANI MF 29C, Group C. I, Couper, Jacob. 'Krygt het opperglzag in de expeditie te gens Sourapattyt babyxen xee zover in de boven landen van cheribon xig onthouden 16 Aug. 1684 […] Wordt commanden van Sumatra's west kust aangesteld 6 April 1685'; GMVOC, IV, 1675-1685, 473, note 1 and 810-811. Joannes Camphuys, 11 December 1685.
44. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 51. Joannes Camphuys, 13 December 1686.
45. ANI MF 29C, Group C. I, Couper, Jacob, f.a. Batavia 1686 bl.40.
46. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 156. Joannes Camphuys, 23 December 1687.
47. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 51. Joannes Camphuys, 13 December 1686.
48. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 137. Joannes Camphuys, 23 December 1687.
49. ANI MF 29C, Group C. I, Couper, Jacob. 'Vaar '1 vaderland gelicentend 18 September 1687 […] Wordt commanden der retoursvloot 1 November 1687'; GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 155. Joannes Camphuys, 23 December 1687 and p.159. Joannes Camphuys, 10 January 1688.
50. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 155. Joannes Camphuys, 23 December 1687.
51. NAS, GD26/7/275, 1689. Petition to King by Sir James Couper, late admiral of the Dutch East Indian fleet, for gift of the office of conservator of Scots privileges in The Netherlands; NAS, GD26/7/410, 15 August 1689. Extract Act of Convention of Burghs in favour of Sir James Couper recommending his appointment as Conservator in The Netherlands.
52. GMVOC, IV, 1675-1685, 473, note 1; GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 668. Willem van Outhoorn, 30 November 1694.
53. NAS, GD5/176, 8 January 1702. Decreet of adjudication at the instance of Andrew Hay of Craignethan against John Cheisly of Kerswell, son and heir to deceased John Cheisly of Kerswell and grandson and heir to to deceased Sir John Chiesly of Kerswell, in respect of the following lands […] and the lands of deceased John Couper, merchant burgess of Edinburgh, as detailed in a discreet of adjudication at the insistence of Elizabeth Couper, widow of Mr Henry Blyth, physician in Edinburgh, against Sir James Couper, late Admiral of the Dutch East India Fleet, brother and heir to the said John, with the proportionate sums of money due under the adjudication, to which the said deceased John Cheisly had right by progress from said Elizabeth.
54. de Haan, Dagh register, Anno 1680, 167. 11 April 1680.
55. de Haan, Dagh register, Anno 1680, 190. 25 April 1680
56. GMVOC, IV, 1675-1685, 557 and note. Cornelis Speelman etc., Batavia, 19 March 1683.
57. de Haan, Dagh register. Anno 1680, 320. 1 July 1680.
58. de Haan, Dagh register, Anno 1680, 542 and 552. 15 and 24 August 1680.
59. GMVOC, IV, 1675-1685, 557 and note. Cornelis Speelman etc., Batavia, 19 March 1683 and 738 and 824. Joannes Camphuys, 30 November 1684 and 11 December 1685.
60. GMVOC, IV, 1675-1685, 287. Van Goens, 13 February 1679.
61. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 514, note.
62. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 515. Willem van Outhoorn, 11 December 1692 and pp.606-608, Willem van Outhoorn etc., Batavia, 8 December 1693.
63. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 656. Willem van Outhoorn, 6 February 1694.
64. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 673. Willem van Outhoorn, 30 Novenber 1694.
65. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 712-3. Willem van Outhoorn, 4 February 1695.
66. GMVOC, VI, 1698-1713, 200, 390 and 416. Willem van Outhoorn, 30 November 1702 and Joan van Hoorn, 25 February and November 1706.
67. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 790. Willem van Outhoorn, 19 January 1697.
68. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 153. Willem van Outhoorn, 26 November 1701.
69. A. Hamilton, A New Account of the East Indies (Edinburgh, 1727).
70. GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 199 and 404. Willem van Outhoorn, 30 November 1702 and Abraham Douglas, 12 February 1706.
71. 72.GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 404. Abraham Douglas, 12 February 1706.
72. 73.GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 429. Abraham Douglas, 30 November 1706.
73. 74.GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 436. Abraham Douglas, 30 November 1706.
74. 75.GMVOC, V, 1686-1697, 429. Jan van Hoorn/Abraham Douglas, 15 February 1707.
75. 76.DNB, V, 312-313; GMVOC, VI, 1698-1713, 474, 528, 530 and 569.
76. 77.P. Möller, 'Colquhon-Cahun-Gahn-Canonheilm; En Boskillnad' in Person Historisk Tidskrift, 1966, 100-102.
77. 78.J. Olsen, 'Nordmenn i Hollandsk Tjeneste 1600-1800, med hovedvekt pä dem som gikk i Tjeneste for det Vereinigde Oostindische Compagnie', Hovedoppgave i Historia, University of Bergen, 1999.