Ethical Guidance for Dealing with Unclear Risk

The Role of Evidence in Risk Characterization: Making Sense of Conflicting Data

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 185-202

  Grunwald, Armin ^a  

^a KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Ethical guidance; Ethical reflection; Moral conflicts; Precautionary principle; Unclear risk

Indexed keywords

EID: 84881721018     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527622351.ch15     Document Type: Chapter

References (38)

1. Stern, P.C. and Fineberg, H.V. (eds) (1996) Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
2. Shrader-Frechette, K.S. (1991) Risk Analysis and Scientific Method, Reidel, Dordrecht.
3. International Program on Chemical Safety (2004) Risk Assessment Terminology-Part 1 and Part 2, World Health Organization, Geneva.
4. von Schomberg, R. (2005) The precautionary principle and its normative challenges. In The Precautionary Principle and Public Policy Decision Making, (eds E. Fisher, J. Jones and R. von Schomberg), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp. 141-165.
5. Schmid, G., Brune, H., Ernst, H., Grünwald, W., Grunwald, A., Hofmann, H., Janich, P., Krug, H., Mayohr, M., Rathgeber, W., Simon, B., Vogel, V. and Wyrwa, D. (2006) Nanotechnology-Perspectives and Assessment, Springer, Berlin.
6. Grunwald, A. (2007) Nanoparticles: risk management and the precautionary principle. In Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Nanotechnology, (ed. F. Jotterand), in press, Springer, Berlin.
7. Group, E.T.C. (2003) The Big Down. Atomtech: Technologies Converging at the Nanoscale, ETC Group, Ottawa. [ http://www.etcgroup.org ] [Retrieved: 2.6.2007].
8. Luhmann, N. (1989) Paradigm Lost, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt.
9. Gethmann, C.F. and Sander, T. (1999) Rechtfertigungsdiskurse. In Ethik in der Technikgestaltung. Praktische Relevanz und Legitimation, (eds A. Grunwald and S. Saupe), Springer, Berlin, pp. 117-151.
10. Grunwald, A. (2000) Against overestimating the role of ethics in technology development, Science and Engineering Ethics, 6, 181-196.
11. Grunwald, A. (2003) Methodical reconstruction of ethical advises. In Expertise and Its Interfaces, (eds G. Bechmann and I. Hronszky), Edition Sigma, Berlin, pp. 103-124.
12. Brown, N., Rappert, B. and Webster, A. (eds) (2000) Contested Futures. A sociology of prospective techno-science, Ashgate Publishing, Burlington.
13. Skorupinski, B. and Ott, K. (2000) Ethik und Technikfolgenabschätzung, ETH Zürich, Zürich.
14. Decker, M. and Grunwald, A. (2001) Rational Technology Assessment as Interdisciplinary Research. In Implementation and Limits of Interdisciplinarity in European Technology Assessment, (ed. M. Decker), Springer, Berlin, pp. 33-60.
15. Wardak, A. (2003) Nanotechnology & Regulation. A Case Study Using the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA), Paper 2003-6 Woodrow Wilson International Center, Washington, DC.
16. Gannon, F. (2003) Nano-nonsense, EMBO reports 4, 1007.
17. Ball, P. (2003) Nanoethics and the Purpose of New Technologies, Lecture at the Royal Society for Arts, London [www.whitebottom.com/philipball/docs/Nanoethics.doc ] [Retrieved: 02.07.2007].
18. Gee, D. and Greenberg, M. (2002) Asbestos: from "magic" to malevolent mineral. In The Precautionary Principle in the 20th Century. Late Lessons from EarlyWarnings, (eds P.Harremoes, D.Gee, M. MacGarvin, A. Stirling, J. Keys, B. Wynne and S. Guedes Vaz), Sage, London, pp. 49-63.
19. Harremoes, P., Gee, D., MacGarvin, M., Stirling, A., Keys, J., Wynne, B. and Guedes Vaz, S. (eds) (2002) The Precautionary Principle in the 20th Century. Late Lessons from Early Warnings, Sage, London.
20. Rescher, N. (1983) Risk. A Philosophical Introduction to the Theory of Risk Evaluation and Management, University Press of America, Lanham, MD.
21. Keeney, R.L. (1984) Ethics, decision analysis, and public theory, Risk Analysis, 4, 117-129.
22. Gethmann, C.F. and Kamp, G. (2000) Gradierung und Diskontierung von Verbindlichkeiten bei der Langzeitverpflichtung. In Die Zukunft des Wissens, (ed. J. Mittelstraß), Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 281-295.
23. Birnbacher, D. (1991) Ethische Dimensionen bei der Bewertung technischer Risiken. In Technikverantwortung, (eds H. Lenk, and M. Maring), Campus, Frankfurt, pp. 131-146.
24. Caplan, P. (2000) Risk Revisited, Pluto Press, London.
25. Nida-Rümelin, J. (1996) Ethik des Risikos. In Angewandte Ethik. Die Bereichsethiken und ihre theoretische Fundierung, (ed. J. Nida-Rümelin), Alfred Kröner Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 806-831.
26. Gethmann, C.F. and Mittelstraß, J. (1992) Umweltstandards, Gaia-Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 1, 16-25.
27. Grunwald, A. (2005) Zur Rolle von Akzeptanz und Akzeptabilität von Technik bei der Bewältigung von Technikkonflikten, Technikfolgenabschätzung-Theorie und Praxis, 14, 54-60.
28. Jonas, H. (1979/1984) Das Prinzip Verantwortung [The Imperative of Responsibility], Suhrkamp, Frankfurt/M.
29. Grunwald, A. and Kopfmüller, J. (2006) Nachhaltigkeit, Campus, Frankfurt.
30. Dupuy, J.-P. and Grinbaum, A. (2004) Living with uncertainty: toward the ongoing normative assessment of nanotechnology, Techné, 8, 4-25.
31. Joy, B. (2000) Why the future does not need us, Wired Magazine, April, 238-263.
32. Harris, J. (1975) The survival lottery, Philosophy, 50, 81-87.
33. Pereira, A.G., von Schomberg, R. and Funtowicz, S. (2007) Foresight knowledge assessment, International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy, 3, 53-75.
34. Morgan, M.G. (1992) Prudent avoidance, Public Utilities Fortnightly, March 15.
35. Dekay, M., Small, M., Fischbeck, P., Farrow, R.S., Cullen, A., Kadane, J., Lave, L., Morgan, M.G. and Takemura, K. (2002) Risk-based decision analysis in support of precautionary policies, Journal of Risk Research, 5, 391-417.
36. Nair, I., Morgan, M.G., Florig, H.K. (1989) Biologic Effects of Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields (OTA-BP-E-53), Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, DC.
37. Colorado Public Commission (1992) Statement of Adoption in the Matter of the Rules for Electric Utilities of the Colorado Public Utilities Commission. Code of Colorado Regulation-723-3 Concerning Electric and Magnetic Fields, Colorado Public Commission, Denver, CO.
38. Grunwald, A. (2004) The case of nanobiotechnology. Towards a prospective risk assessment, EMBO Reports 5 (Special Issue), 32-36.