The effects of financial development, economic growth, coal consumption and trade openness on CO2 emissions in South Africa

Energy Policy

Volumn 61, Issue , 2013, Pages 1452-1459

  Shahbaz, Muhammad ^a   Kumar Tiwari, Aviral ^b   Nasir, Muhammad ^c  

^a COMSATS Institute of Information Technology   (Pakistan)

^b ICFAI University   (India)

^c PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

Coal consumption; Economic growth; Financial development

Indexed keywords

BOUNDS TESTING APPROACHES; COAL CONSUMPTION; ECONOMIC GROWTHS; EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY; ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVES; ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY; FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT;

CARBON DIOXIDE; COAL; COMMERCE; ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; ERROR CORRECTION; FINANCE;

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS;

CARBON EMISSION; COAL; ECONOMIC GROWTH; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; ENERGY USE; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; ERROR CORRECTION; FINANCE; NATURE-SOCIETY RELATIONS; TRADE LIBERALIZATION;

SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 84881664606     PISSN: 03014215     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.07.006     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Abler D.G., Rodriguez A.G., Shortle J.S. Trade liberalization and the environment in Costa Rica. Environment and Development Economics 1999, 4:357-373.
2. Akbostanci E., Turut-Asik S., Tunc G.I. The relationship between income and environment in Turkey: is there an environmental Kuznets curve?. Energy Policy 2009, 37:861-867.
3. Ansuategi A., Barbier E., Perrings C. The environmental Kuznets curve. Theory and Implementation of Sustainable Development Modelling 1998, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht. J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, M.W. Hofkes (Eds.).
4. Antweiler W., Copeland B.R., Taylor M.S. Is free trade good for the environment?. American Economic Review 2001, 91:877-908.
5. World Bank, 2007.
6. Barbier E. Introduction to the environmental Kuznets curve special issue. Environment and Development Economics 1997, 2:369-381.
7. Bello A., Abimbola A.M. Does level of economic growth influence environmental quality in Nigeria: a test of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Pakistan Journal of Social Science 2010, 7:325-327.
8. Birdsall N., Wheeler D. Trade policy and industrial pollution in Latin America: where are the pollution havens?. Journal of Environment and Development 1993, 2:137-149.
9. Blanford G.J. R&D investment strategy for climate change. Energy economics 2009, 31:27-36.
10. BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2010. Recession Drove 2009 Energy Demand Lower. http://www.energysights.net.
11. Brandoford, D.F., Schlieckert, R., Shore, S.H., 2000. The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Exploring a Fresh Specification. NBER Working Paper, no. 8001.
12. Cameron S. A review of the econometric evidence on the effects of capital punishment. Journal of Socio-economics 1994, 23:197-214.
13. Claessens, S., Feijen, E., 2007. Financial Sector Development and the Millennium Development Goals. World Bank Working Paper, no. 89.
14. Cole M.A., Elliott R.J.R., Azhar A.K. The Determinants of Trade in Pollution Intensive Industries: North-South Evidence 2000, University of Birmingham, UK, Mimeo.
15. Coondoo D., Dinda S. The carbon dioxide emission and income: a temporal analysis of cross-country distributional patterns. Ecological Economics 2008, 65:375-385.
16. Dasgupta S., Hong J.H., Laplante B., Mamingi N. Disclosure of environmental violations and stock market in the Republic of Korea. Ecological Economics 2004, 58:759-777.
17. Dasgupta S., Mody A., Roy S., Wheeler D. Environmental regulation and development: a cross-country empirical analysis. Oxford Development Studies 2001, 29:173-187.
18. Dhakal S. Urban energy use and carbon emissions from cities in China and policy implications. Energy Policy 2009, 37:4208-4219.
19. Dinda S., Coondoo D. Income and emission: a panel data-based cointegration analysis. Ecological Economics 2006, 57:167-181.
20. Ehrlich I. The deterrent effect of capital punishment-a question of life and death. American Economic Review 1975, 65:397-417.
21. Ehrlich I. The deterrent effect of capital punishment reply. American Economics Review 1977, 67:452-458.
22. Ferrantino M.J. International trade, environmental quality and public policy. The World Economy 1997, 20:43-72.
23. Fodha M., Zaghdoud O. Economic growth and pollutant emissions in Tunisia: an empirical analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve. Energy Policy 2010, 38:1150-1156.
24. Frankel J., Romer D. Does trade cause growth?. The American Economic Review 1999, 89:379-399.
25. 2 emissions in a small open economy. Ecological Economics 2003, 45:133-148.
26. Ghosh S. Examining carbon emissions-economic growth nexus for India: a multivariate cointegration approach. Energy Policy 2010, 38:2613-3130.
27. Grether, J.M., Nicole, A., Melo, J.D., 2007. Is Trade Bad for the Environment? Decomposing World-wide SO2 Emissions 1990-2000. Discussion Paper, University of Geneva.
28. Grossman, G., Krueger, A., 1991. Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement. National Bureau of Economics Research Working Paper, no. 3194.
29. 2 emissions, energy consumption, income and foreign trade in Turkey. Energy Policy 2009, 37:1156-1164.
30. Heil M.T., Selden T.M. Panel stationarity with structural breaks: carbon emissions and GDP. Applied Economic Letters 1999, 6:223-225.
31. Horvath, R.J., 1997. Energy Consumption and the Environmental Kuznets Curve Debate. Department of Geography, University of Sydney, Australia, Mimeo.
32. Jaeger W., Patel S., Pinckney T. Smallholder wood production and population pressure in East Africa: evidence of an environmental Kuznets curve?. Land Economics 1995, 71:1-21.
33. Jalil A., Feridun M. The impact of growth, energy and financial development on the environment in China: a cointegration analysis. Energy Economics 2011, 33:284-291.
34. 2 emissions: a cointegration analysis for China. Energy Policy 2009, 37:5167-5172.
35. Jha S.K. The Kuznets curve: a reassessment. World Development 1996, 24:773-780.
36. King R., Levine R. Finance and growth: Schumpeter might be right. Quarterly Journal of Economics 1993, 108:717-737.
37. 2, GDP and RET: an aggregate economic equilibrium analysis for Turkey. Energy Policy 2008, 36:2694-2708.
38. Lanne M., Lütkepohl H., Saikkonen P. Comparison of unit root tests for time series with level shifts. Journal of Time Series Analysis 2002, 27:663-685.
39. Lanoie P., Laplante B., Roy M. Can capital markets create incentives for pollution control?. Ecological Economics 1998, 26:31-41.
40. List J.A., Gallet C.A. The environmental Kuznets curve: does one size fit all?. Ecological Economics 1999, 31:409-423.
41. Lopez R. The environment as a factor of production: the effects of economic growth and trade liberalization. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 1994, 27:163-184.
42. Lucas, R.E.B., Wheeler, D., Hettige, H., 1992. Economic Development, Environmental Regulation and the International Migration of Toxic Industrial Pollution: 1960-1988. In: Low, P. (Eds.), International Trade and the Environment, World Bank Discussion Paper, 159, pp. 67-87.
43. Lütkepohl, H., 2005. Structural Vector Autoregressive Analysis for Cointegrated Variables. Economics Working Papers ECO2005/02, European University Institute.
44. Maddison, D., Rehdanz, K., 2008. Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth: Homogeneous Causality in Heterogeneous Panels. Kiel Working Papers, no: 1437, Kiel Institute for the World Economy.
45. Managi S., Jena P.R. Environmental productivity and Kuznets curve in India. Ecological Economics 2008, 65:432-440.
46. 2 emissions: evidence from developing countries. Ecological Economics 2011, 70:1344-1353.
47. Matyas L., Konya L., Macquaries L. The Kuznets U-curve hypothesis: some panel data evidence. Applied Economics Letters 1998, 5:693-697.
48. Menyah K., Wolde-Rufael Y. Energy consumption, pollutant emissions and economic growth in South Africa. Energy Economics 2010, 32:1374-1382.
49. Narayan P.K. The saving and investment nexus for China: evidence from co-integration tests. Applied Economics 2005, 37:1979-1990.
50. Nasir M., Rehman F. Environmental Kuznets curve for carbon emissions in Pakistan: an empirical investigation. Energy Policy 2011, 39:1857-1864.
51. Ng S., Perron P. LAG length selection and the construction of unit root tests with good size and power. Econometrica 2001, 69:1519-1554.
52. Pesaran M.H., Shin Y., Smith R.J. Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal Applied Econometrics 2001, 16:289-326.
53. Roca J. Do individual preferences explain environmental Kuznets curve?. Ecological Economics 2003, 45:3-10.
54. Saikkonen O., Lütkepohl H. Testing for a unit root in a time series with a level shift at unknown time. Econometric Theory 2002, 18:313-348.
55. Selden T., Song D. Neoclassical growth, the J curve for abatement, and the inverted U curve for pollution. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 1995, 29:162-168.
56. Shafik N. Economic development and environmental quality: an econometric analysis. Oxford Economic Papers 1994, 46:757-773.
57. Shafik, N., Bandyopadhyay, S., 1992. Economic Growth and Environmental Quality: Time Series and Cross-country Evidence. Background Paper for the World Development Report, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
58. Shahbaz M., Lean H.H., Shabbir M.S. Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Pakistan: cointegration and Granger causality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2012, 16:2947-2953.
59. Sharma S.S. Determinants of carbon dioxide emissions: empirical evidence from 69 countries. Applied Energy 2011, 88:376-382.
60. Shrestha, M., Chowdhury, A., 2005. ARDL Modeling Approach to Testing the Financial Liberalization Hypothesis. University of Wollongong Economics Working Paper Series 2005. http://www.uow.edu.au/commerce/econ/wpapers.html.
61. Shukla V., Parikh K. The environmental consequences of urban growth: cross-national perspectives on economic development, air pollution, and city size. Urban Geography 1992, 12:422-449.
62. Stern D.I., Common M.S. Is there an environmental Kuznets curve for sulphur?. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 2001, 41:162-178.
63. Suri V., Chapman D. Economic growth, trade and the environment: implications for the environmental Kuznets curve. Ecological Economics 1998, 25:195-208.
64. Tadesse, S., 2005. Financial Development and Technology. William Davidson Institute Working Paper, no. 749.
65. Tamazian A., Chousaa J.P., Vadlamannatia K.C. Does higher economic and financial development lead to environmental degradation: evidence from BRIC countries. Energy policy 2009, 37:246-253.
66. Tamazian A., Rao B.B. Do economic, financial and institutional developments matter for environmental degradation? Evidence from transitional economies. Energy Economics 2010, 32:137-145.
67. Tucker M. Carbon dioxide emissions and global GDP. Ecological Economics 1995, 15:215-223.
68. Winkler H. Energy policies for sustainable development in South Africa. Energy for Sustainable Development 2007, 11:26-34.
69. World Development Indicators, 2010. World Bank, Washington D.C, Washington, USA.
70. Zhang X.P., Cheng X.-M. Energy consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth in China. Ecological Economics 2009, 68:2706-2712.