메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 110, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 817-825

The roles of monkey M1 neuron classes in movement preparation and execution

Author keywords

Cell type; Gating; Interneurons; Motor cortex; Pyramidal cells

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; HAPLORHINI; MALE; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); NERVE CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 84881637055     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: 15221598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00892.2011     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (62)

References (65)
  • 2
    • 0035177425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of spinal excitability during observation of hand actions in humans
    • Baldissera F, Cavallari P, Craighero L, Fadiga L. Modulation of spinal excitability during observation of hand actions in humans. Eur J Neurosci 13: 190-194, 2001.
    • (2001) Eur J Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 190-194
    • Baldissera, F.1    Cavallari, P.2    Craighero, L.3    Fadiga, L.4
  • 3
    • 3042541890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of neocortical principal cells and interneurons by network interactions and extracellular features
    • Bartho P, Hirase H, Monconduit L, Zugaro M, Harris KD, Buzsaki G. Characterization of neocortical principal cells and interneurons by network interactions and extracellular features. J Neurophysiol 92: 600-608, 2004.
    • (2004) J Neurophysiol , vol.92 , pp. 600-608
    • Bartho, P.1    Hirase, H.2    Monconduit, L.3    Zugaro, M.4    Harris, K.D.5    Buzsaki, G.6
  • 4
    • 84865067442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What roles do tonic inhibition and disinhibition play in the control of motor programs?
    • Benjamin PR, Staras K, Kemenes G. What roles do tonic inhibition and disinhibition play in the control of motor programs? Front Behav Neurosci 4: 30, 2010.
    • (2010) Front Behav Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 30
    • Benjamin, P.R.1    Staras, K.2    Kemenes, G.3
  • 5
    • 72049129451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Output properties and organization of the forelimb representation of motor areas on the lateral aspect of the hemisphere in rhesus macaques
    • Boudrias MH, McPherson RL, Frost SB, Cheney PD. Output properties and organization of the forelimb representation of motor areas on the lateral aspect of the hemisphere in rhesus macaques. Cereb Cortex 20: 169-186, 2010.
    • (2010) Cereb Cortex , vol.20 , pp. 169-186
    • Boudrias, M.H.1    McPherson, R.L.2    Frost, S.B.3    Cheney, P.D.4
  • 6
    • 67049164909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust short-latency perisomatic inhibition onto neocortical pyramidal cells detected by laser-scanning photostimulation
    • Brill J, Huguenard JR. Robust short-latency perisomatic inhibition onto neocortical pyramidal cells detected by laser-scanning photostimulation. J Neurosci 29: 7413-7423, 2009.
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 7413-7423
    • Brill, J.1    Huguenard, J.R.2
  • 7
    • 0023705169 scopus 로고
    • Neural dynamics of planned arm movements: Emergent invariants and speed-accuracy properties during trajectory formation
    • Bullock D, Grossberg S. Neural dynamics of planned arm movements: emergent invariants and speed-accuracy properties during trajectory formation. Psychol Rev 95: 49-90, 1988.
    • (1988) Psychol Rev , vol.95 , pp. 49-90
    • Bullock, D.1    Grossberg, S.2
  • 8
    • 33845416493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A central source of movement variability
    • Churchland MM, Afshar A, Shenoy KV. A central source of movement variability. Neuron 52: 1085-1096, 2006a.
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.52 , pp. 1085-1096
    • Churchland, M.M.1    Afshar, A.2    Shenoy, K.V.3
  • 9
    • 78049285293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical preparatory activity: Representation of movement or first cog in a dynamical machine?
    • Churchland MM, Cunningham JP, Kaufman MT, Ryu SI, Shenoy KV. Cortical preparatory activity: representation of movement or first cog in a dynamical machine? Neuron 68: 387-400, 2010.
    • (2010) Neuron , vol.68 , pp. 387-400
    • Churchland, M.M.1    Cunningham, J.P.2    Kaufman, M.T.3    Ryu, S.I.4    Shenoy, K.V.5
  • 10
    • 33751547489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparatory activity in premotor and motor cortex reflects the speed of the upcoming reach
    • Churchland MM, Santhanam G, Shenoy KV. Preparatory activity in premotor and motor cortex reflects the speed of the upcoming reach. J Neurophysiol 96: 3130-3146, 2006b.
    • (2006) J Neurophysiol , vol.96 , pp. 3130-3146
    • Churchland, M.M.1    Santhanam, G.2    Shenoy, K.V.3
  • 11
    • 33846442079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delay of movement caused by disruption of cortical preparatory activity
    • Churchland MM, Shenoy KV. Delay of movement caused by disruption of cortical preparatory activity. J Neurophysiol 97: 348-359, 2007.
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.97 , pp. 348-359
    • Churchland, M.M.1    Shenoy, K.V.2
  • 12
    • 33645575618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural variability in premotor cortex provides a signature of motor preparation
    • Churchland MM, Yu BM, Ryu SI, Santhanam G, Shenoy KV. Neural variability in premotor cortex provides a signature of motor preparation. J Neurosci 26: 3697-3712, 2006c.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 3697-3712
    • Churchland, M.M.1    Yu, B.M.2    Ryu, S.I.3    Santhanam, G.4    Shenoy, K.V.5
  • 13
    • 33748883565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated neural processes for defining potential actions and deciding between them: A computational model
    • Cisek P. Integrated neural processes for defining potential actions and deciding between them: a computational model. J Neurosci 26: 9761-9770, 2006a.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 9761-9770
    • Cisek, P.1
  • 14
    • 33751529223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparing for speed. Focus on Preparatory activity in premotor and motor cortex reflects the speed of the upcoming reach
    • Cisek P. Preparing for speed. Focus on "Preparatory activity in premotor and motor cortex reflects the speed of the upcoming reach". J Neurophysiol 96: 2842-2843, 2006b.
    • (2006) J Neurophysiol , vol.96 , pp. 2842-2843
    • Cisek, P.1
  • 15
    • 0025176816 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic firing patterns of diverse neocortical neurons
    • Connors BW, Gutnick MJ. Intrinsic firing patterns of diverse neocortical neurons. Trends Neurosci 13: 99-104, 1990.
    • (1990) Trends Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 99-104
    • Connors, B.W.1    Gutnick, M.J.2
  • 16
    • 0033842223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prior information in motor and premotor cortex: Activity during the delay period and effect on pre-movement activity
    • Crammond DJ, Kalaska JF. Prior information in motor and premotor cortex: activity during the delay period and effect on pre-movement activity. J Neurophysiol 84: 986-1005, 2000.
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.84 , pp. 986-1005
    • Crammond, D.J.1    Kalaska, J.F.2
  • 17
    • 50349101070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complementary contributions of prefrontal neuron classes in abstract numerical categorization
    • Diester I, Nieder A. Complementary contributions of prefrontal neuron classes in abstract numerical categorization. J Neurosci 28: 7737-7747, 2008.
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 7737-7747
    • Diester, I.1    Nieder, A.2
  • 18
    • 0036954938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor areas in the frontal lobe of the primate
    • Dum RP, Strick PL. Motor areas in the frontal lobe of the primate. Physiol Behav 77: 677-682, 2002.
    • (2002) Physiol Behav , vol.77 , pp. 677-682
    • Dum, R.P.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 19
    • 63649091377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of corticospinal suppression during motor preparation
    • Duque J, Ivry RB. Role of corticospinal suppression during motor preparation. Cereb Cortex 19: 2013-2024, 2009.
    • (2009) Cereb Cortex , vol.19 , pp. 2013-2024
    • Duque, J.1    Ivry, R.B.2
  • 20
    • 0013967253 scopus 로고
    • Pyramidal tract activity associated with a conditioned hand movement in the monkey
    • Evarts EV. Pyramidal tract activity associated with a conditioned hand movement in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 29: 1011-1027, 1966.
    • (1966) J Neurophysiol , vol.29 , pp. 1011-1027
    • Evarts, E.V.1
  • 21
    • 0029051423 scopus 로고
    • Motor facilitation during action observation: A magnetic stimulation study
    • Fadiga L, Fogassi L, Pavesi G, Rizzolatti G. Motor facilitation during action observation: a magnetic stimulation study. J Neurophysiol 73: 2608-2611, 1995.
    • (1995) J Neurophysiol , vol.73 , pp. 2608-2611
    • Fadiga, L.1    Fogassi, L.2    Pavesi, G.3    Rizzolatti, G.4
  • 22
    • 0000379703 scopus 로고
    • Are movement parameters recognizably coded in the activity of single neurons?
    • Fetz EE. Are movement parameters recognizably coded in the activity of single neurons? Behav Brain Sci 15: 679-690, 1992.
    • (1992) Behav Brain Sci , vol.15 , pp. 679-690
    • Fetz, E.E.1
  • 23
    • 0036824341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of primate spinal interneurons in preparation and execution of voluntary hand movement
    • Fetz EE, Perlmutter SI, Prut Y, Seki K, Votaw S. Roles of primate spinal interneurons in preparation and execution of voluntary hand movement. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 40: 53-65, 2002.
    • (2002) Brain Res Brain Res Rev , vol.40 , pp. 53-65
    • Fetz, E.E.1    Perlmutter, S.I.2    Prut, Y.3    Seki, K.4    Votaw, S.5
  • 24
    • 0023947648 scopus 로고
    • Corticocortical synaptic influences on morphologically identified pyramidal neurones in the motor cortex of the monkey
    • Ghosh S, Porter R. Corticocortical synaptic influences on morphologically identified pyramidal neurones in the motor cortex of the monkey. J Physiol 400: 617-629, 1988.
    • (1988) J Physiol , vol.400 , pp. 617-629
    • Ghosh, S.1    Porter, R.2
  • 25
    • 0022397385 scopus 로고
    • The involvement of monkey premotor cortex neurones in preparation of visually cued arm movements
    • Godschalk M, Lemon RN, Kuypers HG, van der Steen J. The involvement of monkey premotor cortex neurones in preparation of visually cued arm movements. Behav Brain Res 18: 143-157, 1985.
    • (1985) Behav Brain Res , vol.18 , pp. 143-157
    • Godschalk, M.1    Lemon, R.N.2    Kuypers, H.G.3    van der Steen, J.4
  • 26
    • 12544257419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional properties of fast spiking interneurons and their synaptic connections with pyramidal cells in primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
    • Gonzalez-Burgos G, Krimer LS, Povysheva NV, Barrionuevo G, Lewis DA. Functional properties of fast spiking interneurons and their synaptic connections with pyramidal cells in primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. J Neurophysiol 93: 942-953, 2005.
    • (2005) J Neurophysiol , vol.93 , pp. 942-953
    • Gonzalez-Burgos, G.1    Krimer, L.S.2    Povysheva, N.V.3    Barrionuevo, G.4    Lewis, D.A.5
  • 27
    • 79551599358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning to move machines with the mind
    • Green AM, Kalaska JF. Learning to move machines with the mind. Trends Neurosci 34: 61-75, 2011.
    • (2011) Trends Neurosci , vol.34 , pp. 61-75
    • Green, A.M.1    Kalaska, J.F.2
  • 28
    • 0002643986 scopus 로고
    • The dip test of unimodality
    • Hartigan JA, Hartigan PM. The dip test of unimodality. Ann Stat 13: 70-84, 1985.
    • (1985) Ann Stat , vol.13 , pp. 70-84
    • Hartigan, J.A.1    Hartigan, P.M.2
  • 29
    • 0025976677 scopus 로고
    • Effects of hand movement path on motor cortical activity in awake, behaving rhesus monkeys
    • Hocherman S, Wise SP. Effects of hand movement path on motor cortical activity in awake, behaving rhesus monkeys. Exp Brain Res 83: 285-302, 1991.
    • (1991) Exp Brain Res , vol.83 , pp. 285-302
    • Hocherman, S.1    Wise, S.P.2
  • 30
    • 0018091396 scopus 로고
    • Properties of pyramidal tract neuron system within a functionally defined subregion of primate motor cortex
    • Humphrey DR, Corrie WS. Properties of pyramidal tract neuron system within a functionally defined subregion of primate motor cortex. J Neurophysiol 41: 216-243, 1978.
    • (1978) J Neurophysiol , vol.41 , pp. 216-243
    • Humphrey, D.R.1    Corrie, W.S.2
  • 31
    • 70649093790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microcircuitry coordination of cortical motor information in self-initiation of voluntary movements
    • Isomura Y, Harukuni R, Takekawa T, Aizawa H, Fukai T. Microcircuitry coordination of cortical motor information in self-initiation of voluntary movements. Nat Neurosci 12: 1586-1593, 2009.
    • (2009) Nat Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 1586-1593
    • Isomura, Y.1    Harukuni, R.2    Takekawa, T.3    Aizawa, H.4    Fukai, T.5
  • 32
    • 0024350591 scopus 로고
    • Testing for bimodality in frequency distributions of data suggesting polymorphisms of drug metabolism- hypothesis testing
    • Jackson PR, Tucker GT, Woods HF. Testing for bimodality in frequency distributions of data suggesting polymorphisms of drug metabolism- hypothesis testing. Br J Clin Pharmacol 28: 655-662, 1989.
    • (1989) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.28 , pp. 655-662
    • Jackson, P.R.1    Tucker, G.T.2    Woods, H.F.3
  • 33
    • 65649103332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monkey prefrontal cortical pyramidal and putative interneurons exhibit differential patterns of activity between prosaccade and antisaccade tasks
    • Johnston K, DeSouza JF, Everling S. Monkey prefrontal cortical pyramidal and putative interneurons exhibit differential patterns of activity between prosaccade and antisaccade tasks. J Neurosci 29: 5516-5524, 2009.
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 5516-5524
    • Johnston, K.1    Desouza, J.F.2    Everling, S.3
  • 35
    • 0030794494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABAergic cell subtypes and their synaptic connections in rat frontal cortex
    • Kawaguchi Y, Kubota Y. GABAergic cell subtypes and their synaptic connections in rat frontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 7: 476-486, 1997.
    • (1997) Cereb Cortex , vol.7 , pp. 476-486
    • Kawaguchi, Y.1    Kubota, Y.2
  • 36
    • 0027367770 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic synaptic organization of the motor cortex
    • Keller A. Intrinsic synaptic organization of the motor cortex. Cereb Cortex 3: 430-441, 1993.
    • (1993) Cereb Cortex , vol.3 , pp. 430-441
    • Keller, A.1
  • 37
    • 0027421920 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic relationships involving local axon collaterals of pyramidal neurons in the cat motor cortex
    • Keller A, Asanuma H. Synaptic relationships involving local axon collaterals of pyramidal neurons in the cat motor cortex. J Comp Neurol 336: 229-242, 1993.
    • (1993) J Comp Neurol , vol.336 , pp. 229-242
    • Keller, A.1    Asanuma, H.2
  • 38
  • 39
    • 84980121934 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the excitable cortex of the chimpanzee, orang-utan and gorilla
    • Leyton AS, Sherrington CS. Observations on the excitable cortex of the chimpanzee, orang-utan and gorilla. Q J Exp Physiol 11: 135-222, 1917.
    • (1917) Q J Exp Physiol , vol.11 , pp. 135-222
    • Leyton, A.S.1    Sherrington, C.S.2
  • 41
    • 0036214362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the classification of simple and complex cells
    • Mechler F, Ringach DL. On the classification of simple and complex cells. Vision Res 42: 1017-1033, 2002.
    • (2002) Vision Res , vol.42 , pp. 1017-1033
    • Mechler, F.1    Ringach, D.L.2
  • 42
    • 84867896863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional impact of interneuronal inhibition in the cerebral cortex of behaving animals
    • Merchant H, de Lafuente V, Pena-Ortega F, Larriva-Sahd J. Functional impact of interneuronal inhibition in the cerebral cortex of behaving animals. Prog Neurobiol 99: 163-178, 2012.
    • (2012) Prog Neurobiol , vol.99 , pp. 163-178
    • Merchant, H.1    de Lafuente, V.2    Pena-Ortega, F.3    Larriva-Sahd, J.4
  • 43
    • 55249090262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic sculpting of directional tuning in the primate motor cortex during three-dimensional reaching
    • Merchant H, Naselaris T, Georgopoulos AP. Dynamic sculpting of directional tuning in the primate motor cortex during three-dimensional reaching. J Neurosci 28: 9164-9172, 2008.
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 9164-9172
    • Merchant, H.1    Naselaris, T.2    Georgopoulos, A.P.3
  • 44
    • 0033930225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Covariation of primate dorsal premotor cell activity with direction and amplitude during a memorized-delay reaching task
    • Messier J, Kalaska JF. Covariation of primate dorsal premotor cell activity with direction and amplitude during a memorized-delay reaching task. J Neurophysiol 84: 152-165, 2000.
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.84 , pp. 152-165
    • Messier, J.1    Kalaska, J.F.2
  • 45
    • 34250864330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential attention-dependent response modulation across cell classes in macaque visual area V4
    • Mitchell JF, Sundberg KA, Reynolds JH. Differential attention-dependent response modulation across cell classes in macaque visual area V4. Neuron 55: 131-141, 2007.
    • (2007) Neuron , vol.55 , pp. 131-141
    • Mitchell, J.F.1    Sundberg, K.A.2    Reynolds, J.H.3
  • 46
    • 0017707974 scopus 로고
    • Premotor cortical ablations in monkeys: Contralateral changes in visually guided reaching behavior
    • Moll L, Kuypers HG. Premotor cortical ablations in monkeys: contralateral changes in visually guided reaching behavior. Science 198: 317-319, 1977.
    • (1977) Science , vol.198 , pp. 317-319
    • Moll, L.1    Kuypers, H.G.2
  • 47
    • 79959950842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-latency reflex is composed of at least two functionally independent processes
    • Pruszynski JA, Kurtzer I, Scott SH. The long-latency reflex is composed of at least two functionally independent processes. J Neurophysiol 106: 449-459, 2011.
    • (2011) J Neurophysiol , vol.106 , pp. 449-459
    • Pruszynski, J.A.1    Kurtzer, I.2    Scott, S.H.3
  • 48
    • 0033533816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primate spinal interneurons show pre-movement instructed delay activity
    • Prut Y, Fetz EE. Primate spinal interneurons show pre-movement instructed delay activity. Nature 401: 590-594, 1999.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 590-594
    • Prut, Y.1    Fetz, E.E.2
  • 49
    • 0032982350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isodirectional tuning of adjacent interneurons and pyramidal cells during working memory: Evidence for microcolumnar organization in PFC
    • Rao SG, Williams GV, Goldman-Rakic PS. Isodirectional tuning of adjacent interneurons and pyramidal cells during working memory: evidence for microcolumnar organization in PFC. J Neurophysiol 81: 1903-1916, 1999.
    • (1999) J Neurophysiol , vol.81 , pp. 1903-1916
    • Rao, S.G.1    Williams, G.V.2    Goldman-Rakic, P.S.3
  • 50
    • 0024574180 scopus 로고
    • Monkey primary motor and premotor cortex: Single-cell activity related to prior information about direction and extent of an intended movement
    • Riehle A, Requin J. Monkey primary motor and premotor cortex: single-cell activity related to prior information about direction and extent of an intended movement. J Neurophysiol 61: 534-549, 1989.
    • (1989) J Neurophysiol , vol.61 , pp. 534-549
    • Riehle, A.1    Requin, J.2
  • 51
    • 0027395993 scopus 로고
    • The predictive value for performance speed of preparatory changes in neuronal activity of the monkey motor and premotor cortex
    • Riehle A, Requin J. The predictive value for performance speed of preparatory changes in neuronal activity of the monkey motor and premotor cortex. Behav Brain Res 53: 35-49, 1993.
    • (1993) Behav Brain Res , vol.53 , pp. 35-49
    • Riehle, A.1    Requin, J.2
  • 53
    • 0029952245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of the GABA antagonist bicuculline to the premotor cortex reduces the ability to withhold reaching movements by well-trained monkeys in visually guided reaching task
    • Sawaguchi T, Yamane I, Kubota K. Application of the GABA antagonist bicuculline to the premotor cortex reduces the ability to withhold reaching movements by well-trained monkeys in visually guided reaching task. J Neurophysiol 75: 2150-2156, 1996.
    • (1996) J Neurophysiol , vol.75 , pp. 2150-2156
    • Sawaguchi, T.1    Yamane, I.2    Kubota, K.3
  • 54
    • 40049106182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inconvenient truths about neural processing in primary motor cortex
    • Scott SH. Inconvenient truths about neural processing in primary motor cortex. J Physiol 586: 1217-1224, 2008.
    • (2008) J Physiol , vol.586 , pp. 1217-1224
    • Scott, S.H.1
  • 55
    • 84857096684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deliberation in the motor system: Reflex gains track evolving evidence leading to a decision
    • Selen LP, Shadlen MN, Wolpert DM. Deliberation in the motor system: reflex gains track evolving evidence leading to a decision. J Neurosci 32: 2276-2286, 2012.
    • (2012) J Neurosci , vol.32 , pp. 2276-2286
    • Selen, L.P.1    Shadlen, M.N.2    Wolpert, D.M.3
  • 56
    • 79960206420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dynamical systems view of motor preparation: Implications for neural prosthetic system design
    • Shenoy KV, Kaufman MT, Sahani M, Churchland MM. A dynamical systems view of motor preparation: implications for neural prosthetic system design. Prog Brain Res 192: 33-58, 2011.
    • (2011) Prog Brain Res , vol.192 , pp. 33-58
    • Shenoy, K.V.1    Kaufman, M.T.2    Sahani, M.3    Churchland, M.M.4
  • 57
    • 84880310601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical control of arm movements: A dynamical systems perspective
    • Shenoy KV, Sahani M, Churchland MM. Cortical control of arm movements: a dynamical systems perspective. Ann Rev Neurosci 36: 337-359, 2013.
    • (2013) Ann Rev Neurosci , vol.36 , pp. 337-359
    • Shenoy, K.V.1    Sahani, M.2    Churchland, M.M.3
  • 58
    • 0017189442 scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory activity of motor cortex neurons in relation to direction of an intended movement
    • Tanji J, Evarts EV. Anticipatory activity of motor cortex neurons in relation to direction of an intended movement. J Neurophysiol 39: 1062-1068, 1976.
    • (1976) J Neurophysiol , vol.39 , pp. 1062-1068
    • Tanji, J.1    Evarts, E.V.2
  • 59
    • 0036829017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal feedback control as a theory of motor coordination
    • Todorov E, Jordan MI. Optimal feedback control as a theory of motor coordination. Nat Neurosci 5: 1226-1235, 2002.
    • (2002) Nat Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 1226-1235
    • Todorov, E.1    Jordan, M.I.2
  • 60
    • 0033981146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organization of nonprimary motor cortical inputs on pyramidal and nonpyramidal tract neurons of primary motor cortex: An electrophysiological study in the macaque monkey
    • Tokuno H, Nambu A. Organization of nonprimary motor cortical inputs on pyramidal and nonpyramidal tract neurons of primary motor cortex: an electrophysiological study in the macaque monkey. Cereb Cortex 10: 58-68, 2000.
    • (2000) Cereb Cortex , vol.10 , pp. 58-68
    • Tokuno, H.1    Nambu, A.2
  • 61
    • 0014875118 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular microelectrode sampling bias
    • Towe AL, Harding GW. Extracellular microelectrode sampling bias. Exp Neurol 29: 366-381, 1970.
    • (1970) Exp Neurol , vol.29 , pp. 366-381
    • Towe, A.L.1    Harding, G.W.2
  • 62
    • 80053651890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large identified pyramidal cells in macaque motor and premotor cortex exhibit "thin spikes": Implications for cell type classification
    • Vigneswaran G, Kraskov A, Lemon RN. Large identified pyramidal cells in macaque motor and premotor cortex exhibit "thin spikes": implications for cell type classification. J Neurosci 31: 14235-14242, 2011.
    • (2011) J Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 14235-14242
    • Vigneswaran, G.1    Kraskov, A.2    Lemon, R.N.3
  • 63
    • 0020379249 scopus 로고
    • The premotor cortex of the monkey
    • Weinrich M, Wise SP. The premotor cortex of the monkey. J Neurosci 2: 1329-1345, 1982.
    • (1982) J Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 1329-1345
    • Weinrich, M.1    Wise, S.P.2
  • 64
    • 0028355435 scopus 로고
    • Functional synergism between putative gamma-aminobutyrate-containing neurons and pyramidal neurons in prefrontal cortex
    • Wilson FA, O'Scalaidhe SP, Goldman-Rakic PS. Functional synergism between putative gamma-aminobutyrate-containing neurons and pyramidal neurons in prefrontal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 4009-4013, 1994.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 4009-4013
    • Wilson, F.A.1    O'Scalaidhe, S.P.2    Goldman-Rakic, P.S.3
  • 65
    • 0022461040 scopus 로고
    • Movement-related activity in the premotor cortex of rhesus macaques
    • Wise SP, Weinrich M, Mauritz KH. Movement-related activity in the premotor cortex of rhesus macaques. Prog Brain Res 64: 117-131, 1986.
    • (1986) Prog Brain Res , vol.64 , pp. 117-131
    • Wise, S.P.1    Weinrich, M.2    Mauritz, K.H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.