Amino acid reagents

Lee and Gaensslen's Advances in Fingerprint Technology

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 17-54

  Ramotowskithird, Robert S ^a  

^a United States Secret Service ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84881542157     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/b12882     Document Type: Chapter

References (190)

1. Ruhemann S. (1910) Cyclic di- and tri-ketones. Trans Chem Soc 97:1438-1449
2. Joullié MM, Thompson TR, Nemeroff NH. (1991) Ninhydrin and ninhydrin analogs. Synthesis and applications. Tetrahedron 47(42):8791-8830
3. Ruhemann S. (1910) Triketohydrindene hydrate. Trans Chem Soc 98:2025-2031
4. Ruhemann S. (1911) Triketohydrindene hydrate part III. Its relation to alloxan. Trans Chem Soc99:792-800
5. Ruhemann S. (1911) Triketohydrindene hydrate part V Trans Chem Soc 99:1486-1492
6. Abderhalden E, Schmidt H. (1913) Some observations and tests on triketohydrindene hydrate. Z Physiol Chem 85:143 (translated from German)
7. Abderhalden E, Schmidt H. (1911) On the use of triketohydrindene hydrate for tracing proteins and their stages of decomposition. Z Physiol Chem 72:37 (translated from German)
8. Friedman M. (2004) Applications of the ninhydrin reaction for analysis of amino acids, peptides, and proteins to agricultural and biomedical sciences. J Agric Food Chem 52(3):385-406
9. Lamothe PJ, Mc Cormick PG. (1972) Influence of acidity on the reaction of ninhydrin with amino acids. Anal Chem 44(4):821-825
10. Petraco ND, Proni G, Jackiw JJ, Sapse A-M. (2006) Amino acid alanine reactivity with the fingerprint reagent ninhydrin. A detailed ab initio computational study. J Forensic Sci51(6):1267-1275
11. Shulenberger WA. (1963) Questioned document news and views. Ident News 13(3):9-10,14
12. Friedman M, Sigel CW. (1966) A kinetic study of the ninhydrin reaction. Biochemistry 5:478-485
13. Goode GC, Morris JR. (1983) Latent fingerprints: a review of their origin, composition and methods for detection. AWRE Report No. 022/83
14. Friedman M, Williams LD. (1974) Stoichiometry of formation of Ruhemann's purple in the ninhydrin reaction. Bioorg Chem 3:267-280
15. Ramminger U, Nickel U, Geide B. (2001) Enhancement of an insufficient dye-formation in the ninhydrin reaction by a suitable post treatment process. J Forensic Sci 46(2):288-293
16. Mc Laughlin AR. (1961) Developing latent prints on absorbent surfaces. Fingerprint Ident Mag42(8):3-16
17. Menzel ER, Everse J, Everse KE, Sinor TW, Burt JA. (1984) Room light and laser development of latent fingerprints with enzymes. J Forensic Sci 29(1):99-109
18. Everse K, Menzel ER. (1986) Sensitivity enhancement of ninhydrin-treated latent fingerprints by enzymes and metal salts. J Forensic Sci 31(2):446-454
19. Pounds CA, Hussain JI. (1987) Biological and chemical aspects of latent fingerprint detection. In: Proceedings of the International Forensic Symposium on Latent Prints, Laboratory & Identification Divisions, Federal Bureau of Investigation, FSRTC FBI Academy, Quantico, VA, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, pp. 9-13
20. Almog J, Sheratzki H, Elad-Levin M, Sagiv AE, Singh GD, Jasuja OP. (2011) Moistened hands do not necessarily allude to high quality fingerprints: the relationship between palmar moisture and fingerprint donorship. J Forensic Sci 56(S1):S162-S165
21. Godsell J. (1963) Fingerprint techniques. J Forensic Sci Soc 3(2):79-87
22. Edwards CJ, Hockey JA, Hudson FL. (1966) Some observations on the detection of fingerprints using ninhydrin. J Forensic Sci Soc 6:183-184
23. Levy AL, Chung D. (1953) Two-dimensional chromatography of amino acids on buffered papers. Anal Chem 25(3):396-399
24. Odén S, von Hofsten B. (1954) Detection of fingerprints by the ninhydrin reaction. Nature173(4401):449-450
25. Papenfus R. (1982) Age and ninhydrin. Fingerprint Whorld 8(30):39
26. Lambourne G. (1982) Ninhydrin record? Fingerprint Whorld 8(30):18
27. Foster HH. (1976) Ninhydrin development of latent impressions.Fingerprint Ident Mag 57(6):3-5
28. Burns G. (1982) Ninhydrin longevity. Fingerprint Whorld 7(28):98-99
29. Odén S. (1957) Process of developing fingerprints. Ident News 7(1):1-2
30. Crown DA. (1969) The development of latent fingerprints with ninhydrin. J Crim Law Criminol Pol Sci 60(2):258-264
31. Mooney DG. (1973) Additional notes on the use of ninhydrin. Ident News 23(10):9-11
32. Morris JR, Goode GC. (1974) NFN—an improved ninhydrin reagent for the detection of latent prints. Pol Res Bull 24:45-53
33. Leadbetter MJ. (1982) Fluorisol ninhydrin and typewriter correcting fluid. Fingerprint Whorld7(28):92
34. Tighe DJ. (1984) Freon-plus two. Presented at the U .S. Postal Inspection Service Crime Laboratories, Washington, DC, March 13, 1984
35. Watling WJ, Smith KO. (1993) Heptane: an alternative to the Freon/ninhydirn mixture. J Forensic Ident 43(2):131-134
36. Jungbluth WO. (1993) Replacement for Freon 113. J Forensic Ident 43(3):226-233
37. Black J. (2008) Ninhydrin formulation introduced by Koreans. SWGFAST Members Forum, posted July 16, 2008
38. Hewlett DF, Sears VG. (1997) Replacements for CFC113 in the ninhydrin process: part 1. J Forensic Ident 47(3):287-299
39. Hewlett DF, Sears VG, Suzuki S .(1997) Replacements for CFC113 in the ninhydrin process: part 2. J Forensic Ident 47(3):300-306
40. Hewlett DF, Sears VG. (1996) Formulation of amino acid reagents—search for a safe effective replacement for CFCs.In: Almog J, Springer E, Eds., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fingerprint Detection and Identification .Hemed Press, Jerusalem, Israel, pp. 99-108
41. Hewlett DF, Winfield PGR, Clifford AA. (1996) The ninhydrin process in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Forensic Sci 41(3):487-489
42. Hewlett DF, Sears VG. (1999) An operational trial of two non-ozone depleting ninhydrin formulations for latent fingerprint detection. J Forensic Ident 49(4):388-396
43. Petruncio AV (2000) A comparative study for the evaluation of two solvents for use in ninhy-drin processing of latent print evidence. J Forensic Ident 50(5):462-468
44. Ludas M, Nin Dry. (1992) A non-destructive ninhydrin application for bank robbery demand notes and check forgery cases Presented at the 77th Annual International Association for Identification Educational Conference, Atlantic City, NJ
45. Schwarz L, Frerichs I (2002) Advanced solvent-free application of ninhydrin for detection of latent fingerprints on thermal paper and other surfaces. J Forensic Sci 47(6):1274-1277
46. German ER. (1981) You are missing ninhydrin developed prints .Fingerprint Whorld 7(26):40-42
47. Herod DW, Menzel ER (1982) Laser detection of latent fingerprints: ninhydrin J Forensic Sci27(1):200-204
48. Moenssens AA. (1968) Ninhydrin development of latent finger prints: a careful reappraisal. Fingerprint Ident Mag 49(3):11-14,23
49. Moore DS. (1988) The electrostatic detection apparatus (ESDA) and its effects on latent prints on paper. J Forensic Sci 33(2):357-377
50. Azoury M, Gabbay R, Cohen D, Almog J (2003) ESDA processing and latent fingerprint development: the humidity effect. J Forensic Sci 48(3):564-570
51. Mooney DG (1966) Development of latent fingerprints and palmprints by ninhydrin Ident News 16(8/9):4-6
52. Knowles AM. (1978) Aspects of physiochemical methods for the detection of latent fingerprints. J Phys E Sci Instrum 11:713-721
53. Nielson JP. (1987) Quality control for amino acid visualization reagents. J Forensic Sci32(2):370-376
54. Schwarz L. (2009) An amino acid model for latent fingerprints on porous surfaces. J Forensic Sci54(6):1323-1326
55. Kawerau E, Wieland T. (1951) Conservation of amino acid chromatograms. Nature168(4263):77-78
56. Morris JR, Goode GC, Godsell JW. (1973) Some new developments in the chemical detection of latent fingerprints. Pol Res Bull 21:31-33
57. Dalrymple BE, Duff JM, Menzel ER. (1977) hnherent fingerprint luminescencedetection by laser. j Forensic Sci 22(1):103-115
58. Herod DW, Menzel ER. (1982) Laser detection of latent fingerprints: ninhydrin followed by zinc chloride. j Forensic Sci 27(3):513--18
59. Kobus HJ, Stoilovic M, Warrener RN. (1983) A simple luminescent post-ninhydrin treatment for the improved visualization of fingerprints on documents in cases where ninhydrin alone gives poor results. Forensic Sci Int 22:131-170
60. Stoilovic M, Kobus HJ, Margot PAJ, Warrener RN. (1983) Improved enhancement of ninhydrin developed fingerprints by cadmium complexation using low temperature photoluminescence techniques. j Forensic Sci 31(2):432-444
61. Takatsu M, Shimoda O, Onishi K, Onishi A, Oguri N. (2008) Detection of pretreated fingerprint fluorescence using an LED-based excitation system.j Forensic Sci 53(4):823-887
62. Lennard CJ, Margot PA, Sterns M, Warrener RN. (1987) Photoluminescent enhancement of nin-hydrin developed fingerprints by metal complexation: structural studies of complexes formed between Ruhemann's purple and group Ilb metal salts. j Forensic Sci 32(3):597 630
63. Davies PJ, Kobus HJ, Taylor MR, Wainwright KP. (1995) Synthesis and structure of the zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes produced in the photoluminescent enhancement of ninhydrin developed fingerprints using group 12 metal salts. j Forensic Sci 40(4):535-553
64. Liberti A, Calabr O G, Chiarotti M. (1995) Storage effects on ninhydrin-developed fingerprints enhanced by zinc complexation.Forensic Sci Int 72(3):131-163
65. Menzel ER, Bartsch RA, Hallman JL. (1990) Fluorescent metal-Ruhemann's purple coordination compounds: applications to latent fingerprint detection. j Forensic Sci 35(1):25-33
66. Menzel ER, Mitchell KE. (1990) Intramolecular energy transfer in the europium-Ruhemann's purple complex: application to latent fingerprint detection. j Forensic Sci 35(1):35-45
67. Alaoui IM, Menzel ER. (1994) Emission enhancement in terbium-Ruhemann's purple complexes. Forensic Sci Int 33(3):203-211
68. Mekkaoui AI, Menzel ER. (1993) Spectroscopy of rare earth-Ruhemann's purple complexes. j Forensic Sci 38(3):503-552
69. Menzel ER, Burt JA, Sinor TW, Tabuch-Ley WB, Jordan KJ (1983) Laser detection of latent fingerprints: treatment with glue containing cyanoacrylate ester j Forensic Sci 28(2):307-317
70. Hansen DB, Joullie MM. (2005) The development of novel ninhydrin analogs. Chem Soc Rev34:408-417
71. Almog J, Hirshfeld A, Klug JT (1982) Reagents for the chemical development of latent fingerprints: synthesis and properties of some ninhydrin analogs. j Forensic Sci 27(4):912-917
72. Meier R, Lotter HG. (1957) Uber benz- und naphthoindantrione. Chem Berichte 90:222-222
73. Menzel ER, Almog J. (1985) Latent fingerprint development by frequency doubled neo-dynium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser: benzo[f]ninhydrin.j Forensic Sci30(2):371-382
74. Safaryn JE, Joullié MM. (1985) Quarterly research report to the U.S. Secret Service, August 1985
75. Heffner R, Safaryn JE, Joullié MM. (1987)A new synthesis of benzo[f]ninhydrin. Tetrahedron Lett52:3539-3543 Aldrich Catalog, 1998-1999, cat No. 31078-3
76. Almog j, Sears VG, Springer E, Hewlett DF, Walker S, Wiesner S, Lidor R, Bahar E. (2000) Reagents for the chemical development of latent fingerprints: scope and limitations of benzo[f] ninhydrin in comparison to ninhydrin.j Forensic Sci 45(3):538-544
77. Hallman JL, Bartsch RA. (1991) Synthesis of naphtho[f]ninhydrin. j Org Chem 53(21):3243-6344
78. Hark RR, Hauze DB, Petrovskaia O, Joullié MM. (2001) Synthetic studies of novel ninhydrin analogs. Can j Chem 79:1332-1354
79. Kobus HJ, Pigou PE, Jahangiri S, Taylor B (2002) Evaluation of some oxygen, sulfur, and selenium substituted ninhydrin analogues, nitrophenylninhydrin and benzo[f]furoninhydrin. j Forensic Sci 47(2):254-225
80. Lennard CJ, Margot PA, Stoilovic M, Warrener RN. (1986) Synthesis of ninhydrin analogues and their application to fingerprint development: preliminary results. J Forensic Sci Soc 26:323-328
81. Lennard CJ, Margot PA, Stoilovic M, Warrener RN. (1988) Synthesis and evaluation of nin-hydrin analogues as reagents for the development of latent fingerprints on paper surfaces J Forensic Sci Soc 28(1):3-23
82. Almog J. (1987) Reagents for chemical development of latent fingerprints: vicinal triketones—their reaction with amino acids and with latent fingerprints on paper. J Forensic Sci 32(6):1565-1573
83. Almog J, Hirshfeld A, Frank A, Sterling J, Leonov D. (1991) Aminoninhydrins: fingerprint reagents with direct fluorogenic activity—preliminary studies. J Forensic Sci 36(1):104-110
84. Ohta H, Ogasawara K, Suzuki Y, Sugita R, Suzuki S. (2001) Examination of 5-alkoxyninhydrins as latent fingerprint visualization reagents. Can Soc Forensic Sci J 34(2):73-79
85. Almog J, Klein A, Davidi I, Cohen Y, Azoury M, Levin-Elad M. (2008) Dual fingerprint reagents with enhanced sensitivity: 5-methoxy- and 5-methylthioninhydrin. J Forensic Sci 53(2):364-368
86. Heffner RJ, Joullie MM. (1991) A synthesis of two novel benzo[f]ninhydrin analogs: 6-methoxybenzo[f]ninhydrin and thieno[f]ninhydrin. Synth Commun 21(8,9):1055-1069
87. Heffner RJ, Joullie MM. (1991) Synthetic routes to ninhydrins. Preparation of ninhydrin, 5-methoxyninhydrin, and 5-methylthioninhydrin. Synth Commun 21(21):2231-2256
88. Cantu AA, Leben DA, Joullie MM, Heffner RJ, Hark RR. (1993) A comparative examination of several amino acid reagents for visualizing amino acid (glycine) on paper. J Forensic Ident43(1):44-67
89. Almog J, Hirshfeld A, Frank A, Grant H, Harel Z, Ittah Y. (1992) 5-Methylthio ninhydrin and related compounds: a novel class of fluorogenic fingerprint reagents. J Forensic Sci 37(3):688-694
90. Wallace-Kunkel C, Lennard C, Stoilovic M, Roux C. (2006) Evaluation of 5-methylthion-inhydrin for the detection of fingermarks on porous surfaces and comparisonIdent Can29(1):4-13
91. Hauze DB, Petrovskaia O, Joullie MM. (1996) New reagents for the development of fingerprints. In: Almog J, Springer E, Eds., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fingerprint Detection and Identification.Hemed Press, Jerusalem, Israel, pp. 119-123
92. Hark RR. (1996) Chemical detection of fingerprints—synthesis of arylated ninhydrin analogs. In: Almog J, Springer E, Eds, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fingerprint Detection and Identification.Hemed Press, Jerusalem, Israel, pp. 127-135
93. Lennard C. (1994) Evaluation of 5-(2-thienyl)ninhydrin: preliminary results. Unpublished data, February
94. Hauze DB, Joullie MM. (1997) Novel synthesis of thianinhydrin. Tetrahedron 53(12):4239-4246
95. Elber R, Frank A, Almog J. (2000) Chemical development of latent fingerprints: computational design of ninhydrin analogues. J Forensic Sci 45(4):757-760
96. Almog J, Glasner H. (2010) Ninhydrin thiohemiketals: basic research towards improved fingermark detection techniques employing nano-technology. J Forensic Sci 55(1):215-220. http://usa.bvda.com/productinfo.php?file=methylthioninhydrin (accessed on February 19, 2011)
97. Grigg R, Mongkolaussavaratana T, Pounds CA, Sivagnanam S. (1990) 1,8-Diazafluorenone and related compounds. A new reagent for the detection of a-amino acids and latent fingerprints. Tetrahedron Lett 31(49):7215-7218
98. Pounds CA, Grigg R, Mongkolaussavaratana T. (1990) The use of 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO) for the fluorescent detection of latent fingerprints on paper. A preliminary evaluation. J Forensic Sci 35(1):169-175
99. Frank FJ, Handlin N. (1993) Development of a latent fingerprint detection chemical: dibenzo-1,8-diazafluorenone. MAFS Newsletter July, pp. 22-31
100. Wilkinson D. (2000) Study of the reaction mechanism of 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one with the amino acid, L-alanine. Forensic Sci Int 109:87-103
101. Corson WB, Lawson JE, Kuhn KE. (1991) Alternate applications of DFO for non-fluorescent visualization. J Forensic Ident 41(6):437-445
102. Conn C, Ramsay G, Roux C, Lennard C. (2001) The effect of metal salt treatment on the photoluminescence of DFO-treated fingerprints. Forensic Sci Int 116:117-123
103. Brennan J, Archer N. (2003) Prehumidification: its effect on amino acid reagents.Preliminary observations. Presented at the International Fingerprint Research Group Meeting, St. Albans, Hertfordshire, U. K ., May 2003
104. Brennan J.(2005) Effect of humidity on DFO development. Presented at the International Fingerprint Research Group Meeting, The Hague, the Netherlands, April 2005
105. Anon (2004) DFO: effects of pre-humidification. Fingerprint Development and Imaging Update PSDB Publication April, p 6
106. Sears V. (2003) DFO development .Presented at the International Fingerprint Research Group Meeting, St Albans, Hertfordshire, U K, May 2003
107. Lennard CJ, Massonnet G, Margot P. (1990) A comparison between DFO (1,8-diaza-9-fluore-none) and 5-methoxyninhydrin for the development of latent fingerprints on paper surfaces Presented at the 12 th Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
108. Champod C, Lennard C, Margot P, Stoilovic M. (2004) Fingerprints and Other Ridge Skin Impressions. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC, pp. 128-131
109. Stoilovic M. (1993) Improved method for DFO development of latent fingerprints. Forensic Sci Int 60:141-153
110. Hardwick S, Kent T, Sears V, Winfield P. (1993) Improvements to the formulation of DFO and the effects of heat on the reaction with latent fingerprints. Fingerprint Whorld 19(73):65-69
111. Masters N, Morgan R, Shipp E. (1991) DFO, its usage and results. J Forensic Ident 41(1):3-10
112. Didierjean C, Debart M-H, Crispino F. (1998) New formulation of DFO in HFE7100. Fingerprint Whorld 24(94):163-167
113. Merrick S, Gardner SJ, Sears VG, Hewlett DF (2002) An operational trial of ozone-friendly DFO and 1,2-indanedione formulations for latent fingerprint detection. J Forensic Ident 52(5):595-606
114. Bratton RM, Juhala JA. (1995) DFO—dry. J Forensic Ident 45(2):169-172
115. Anon. (2005) Thermal papers—no more problems! Fingerprint Development and Imaging Update. HOSDB Publication No. 6/2003, April, p. 5
116. Anon. (2006) Use of DMAC on thermal papers. Fingerprint and Footwear Forensics Newsletter. HOSDB Publication No 58/06, October, p 3
117. Schwarz L, Klenke I (2007) Enhancement of ninhydrin- or DFO-treated latent fingerprints on thermal paper. J Forensic Sci 52(3):649-655
118. Zamir A, Oz C, Geller B. (2000) Threat mail and forensic science: DNA profiling from items of evidence after treatment with DFO. J Forensic Sci 45(2):445-446
119. Roux C, Gill K, Sutton J, Lennard C. (1999) A further study to investigate the effect of fingerprint enhancement techniques on the DNA analysis of bloodstains. J Forensic Ident49(4):357-376
120. Raymond JJ, Roux C, du Pasquier E, Sutton J, Lennard C (2004) The effect of common fingerprint detection techniques on the DNA typing of fingerprints deposited on different surfaces J Forensic Ident 54(1):22-44
121. Bowman V, ed. (2004) Manual of Fingerprint Development Techniques, 2nd edn. (2nd revision). Police Scientific Development Branch, Home Office, Sandridge, U K
122. Trozzi TA, Schwartz RL, Hollars ML. (2001) Processing Guide for Developing Latent Prints. U. S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, DC
123. Cava MP, Little RL, Napier DR. (1958) Condensed cyclobutane aromatic systems. V. the synthesis of some a-diazoindanones: ring contraction in the indane series. J Am Chem Soc 80:2257-2263
124. Ramotowski R, Cantu AA, Joullie MM, Petrovskaia O. (1997) 1,2-Indanediones: a preliminary evaluation of a new class of amino acid visualizing compounds Fingerprint Whorld 23(90):131-140
125. Hauze DB, Pterovskaia O, Taylor B, Joullie MM, Ramotowski R, Cantu AA (1998) 1,2-Indanediones: new reagents for visualizing the amino acid components of latent prints J Forensic Sci 43(4):744-747
126. Petrovskaia O, Taylor BM, Hauze DB, Carroll PJ, Joullie MM. (2001) Investigations of the reaction mechanisms of 1,2-indanediones with amino acids. J Org Chem 66:7666-7675
127. Alaoui IM, Menzel ER, Farag M, Cheng KH, Murdock RH. (2005) Mass spectra and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of the reaction product of glycine with 1,2-indanedione in methanol. Forensic Sci Int 152:215-219
128. Lennard A, Stoilovic M, Lennard C .(2006) Reaction between amino acids and ninhydrin, DFO, and 1,2-indanedione. Presented at the 17th Symposium of the Australian-New Zealand Forensic Science Society, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, April
129. Wilkinson D. (2001) Spectroscopic study of 1,2-indanedione. Forensic Sci Int 114:123-132
130. Wiesner S, Springer E, Sasson Y, Almog J. (2001) Chemical development of latent fingerprints: 1.2- indanedione has come of age. J Forensic Sci 46(5):1082-1084
131. Kasper SP, Minnillo DJ, Rockhold AM.(2002) Validating IND (1,2-indanedione).Forensic Sci Commwn;4(4):http://www2.fbi.gov/hq/lab/fsc/backissu/oct2002/kasper.htm (accessed on February 25, 2011)
132. Spindler X, Shimmon R, Roux C, Lennard C. (2011) The effect of zinc chloride, humidity and the substrate on the reaction of 1,2-indanedione-zinc with amino acids in latent fingermark secretions. Forensic Sci Int 212:150-157
133. Almog J, Springer E, Wiesner S, Frank A, Khodzhaev O, Lidor R, Bahar E, Varkony H, Dayan S, Rozen S. (1999) Latent fingerprint visualization by 1,2-indanedione and related compounds: preliminary results. J Forensic Sci 44(1):114-118
134. Roux C, Jones N, Lennard C, Stoilovic M. (2000) Evaluation of 1,2-indanedione and 5,6-dime-thoxy-1,2-indanedione for the detection of latent fingerprints on porous surfaces. J Forensic Sci45(4):761-769
135. Gardner SJ, Hewlett DF. (2003) Optimization and initial evaluation of 1,2-indanedione as a reagent for fingerprint detection. J Forensic Sci 48(6):1288-1292
136. Sears V, Batham R, Bleay S. (2009) The effectiveness of 1,2-indanedione-zinc formulations and comparison with HFE-based 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one for fingerprint development. J Forensic Ident 59(6):654-678
137. Wallace-Kunkel C, Lennard C, Stoilovic M, Roux C (2007) Optimization and evaluation of 1.2- indanedione for use as a fingermark reagent and its application to real samples. Forensic Sci Int 168:14-26
138. Stoilovic M, Lennard C, Wallace-Kunkel C, Roux C. (2007) Evaluation of a 1,2-indanedione formulation containing zinc chloride for improved fingermark detection on paper. J Forensic Ident57(1):4-18
139. Wallace-Kunkel C, Stoilovic M, Lennard C, Roux C (2006) 1,2-Indanedione—Where are we now? Presented at the 17th Symposium of the Australian-New Zealand Forensic Science Society, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, April
140. Russell SE, John GL, Naccarato SL. (2008) Modifications to the 1,2-indanedione/zinc chloride formula for latent print development. J Forensic Ident 58(2):182-192
141. Bicknell DE, Ramotowski RS. (2008) Use of an optimized 1,2-indanedione process for the development of latent prints. J Forensic Sci 53(5):1108-1116
142. Stimac JT. (2003) Thermal paper: latent friction ridge development via 1,2-indanedione. J Forensic Ident 53(3):265-271
143. Patton ELT, Brown DH, Lewis SW. (2010) Detection of latent fingermarks on thermal printer paper by dry contact with 1,2-indanedione. Anal Methods 2:631-637
144. Stoilovic M, Lennard C. (2006) Fingerprint Detection and Enhancement, 3rd edn. Australian Federal Police, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia, pp. 90, 122-124
145. Schwarz L, Hermanowski M-L. (2011) Using indanedione-zinc, heat, and G3 solution sequentially to detect latent fingerprints on thermal paper. J Forensic Ident 61(1):30-37
146. Wallace-Kunkel C, Roux C, Lennard C, Stoilovic M (2004) The detection and enhancement of latent fingermarks on porous surfaces—a survey. J Forensic Ident 54(6):687-705
147. Azoury M, Zamir A, Oz C, Wiesner S. (2002) The effect of 1,2-indanedione a latent fingerprint reagent, on subsequent DNA profiling. J Forensic Sci 47(3):586-588
148. Yu P-H, Wallace MM. (2007) Effect of 1,2-indanedione on PCR-STR typing of fingerprints deposited on thermal and carbonless paper. Forensic Sci Int 168:112-118
149. Morris JR. (1976) British patent 1423025
150. Melton CW, Myers WC. (1977) Development of improved and new methods for the detection and recovery of latent fingerprints. Battelle Columbus Laboratories
151. Menzel ER, Duff JM. (1979) Laser detection of latent fingerprints—treatment with fluorescers. J Forensic Sci 24(1):96-100
152. Solomons TWG. (1988) Organic Chemistry, 4th edn. John Wiley & Sons, New York, p. 757
153. Feigl F. (1939) Qualitative Analysis by Spot Tests: Inorganic and Organic Applications. Nordemann Publishing Company Inc ., New York
154. Lee JL, Bleay SM, Sears VG, Mehmet S, Croxton R. (2009) Evaluation of the dimethylamino-cinnemaldehyde contact transfer process and its application to fingerprint development on thermal papers. J Forensic Ident 59(5):545-568
155. Sasson Y, Almog J. (1978) Chemical reagents for the development of latent fingerprints. I: scope and limitations of the reagent 4-dimethylamino-cinnamaldehyde. J Forensic Sci 23(4):852-855
156. Brennan J, Bramble S, Crabtree S, Wright G. (1995) Fuming of latent fingerprints using dimeth-ylaminocinnamaldehyde. J Forensic Ident 45(4):373-380
157. Ramotowski R. (1996) Fluorescence visualization of latent fingerprints on paper using p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (PDMAC). In: Almog J, Springer E, Eds ., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fingerprint Detection and Identification Hemed Press, Jerusalem, Israel, pp. 91-94
158. Ghosh P, Whitehouse M. (1968) 7-Chloro-4-nitrobenzofurazan: a new fluorogenic reagent for amino acids and other amines. Biochem J 108:155-156
159. Salares VR, Eves CR, Carey PR. (1979) On the detection of fingerprints by laser excited luminescence. Forensic Sci Int 14:229-237
160. Warrener RN, Kobus HJ, Stoilovic M. (1983) An evaluation of the reagent NBD chloride for the production of luminescent fingerprints on paper: I Support for a xenon arc lamp being a cheaper and valuable alternative to an argon ion laser as an excitation source Forensic Sci Int 23:179-188
161. Stoilovic M, Warrener RN, Kobus HJ. (1984) An evaluation of the reagent NBD chloride for the production of luminescent fingerprints on paper: II A comparison with ninhydrin Forensic Sci Int 24:279-284
162. Almog J, Zeichner A, Shifrina S, Scharf G. (1987) Nitro-benzofurazanyl ethers—a new series of fluorogenic fingerprint reagents. J Forensic Sci 32(3):585-596
163. Nelson JO, Warren PF. (1981) NBD-chloride is a potent mutagen in the salmonella mutagenicity assay. Mutat Res 88:351-354
164. Kinoshita T, Iinuma F, Tsuji A. (1974) Microanalysis of proteins and peptides. I. Enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of dansyl amino acids and dansyl proteins in aqueous media and its application to assay of amino acids and proteins. Chem Pharm Bull 22(10):2413-2420
165. Walker JM. (1994) The dansyl-edman method for peptide sequencing. Methods Mol Biol 32: 329-334
166. Walker JM. (1994) The dansyl method for identifying n-terminal amino acids. Methods Mol Biol32:321-328
167. Lee HC, Attard AE. (1979) The use of dansyl chloride in latent print detection (abstract). In: Proceedings of American Forensic Science Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA
168. Clark S, Quigley MN, Tezak J. (1993) Chemical detection of latent fingerprints. J Chem Educ 70(7):593-595
169. Anon (2007) Chemical information profile for o-phthalaldehyde Supporting Nomination for Toxicological Evaluation by the National Toxicology Program Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, April
170. Shore PA, Burkhalter A, Cohn VH (1959) A method for the fluorometric assay of histamine in tissues. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 127:182-186
171. Cohn VH, Lyle J. (1966) A fluorometric assay for glutathione. Anal Biochem 14:434-440
172. Roth M. (1971) Fluorescence reaction for amino acids. Anal Chem 43(7):880-882
173. Anon. (2003) O-Phthalaldehdye reagent. Pickering Laboratories Reagent Bulletin for PostColumn Liquid Chromatography
174. Benson JR, Hare PE. (1975) O-Phthalaldehyde: fluorogenic detection of primary amines in the picomole range.Comparison with fluorescamine and ninhydrin. Proc Natl AcadSci 72(2):619-622
175. Mayer SW, Meilleur CP, Jones PF. (1977) The use of ortho-phthalaldehyde for superior visualization of latent fingerprints. Ident News 27(9):13-14
176. Haylock SE. (1978) Ortho-phthalaldehyde. Fingerprint Whorld 4(14):52-53
177. Fischer JF. (1990) A modified o-phthalaldehyde technique using blue-green light excitation for developing luminescent latent prints. J Forensic Ident 40(6):327
178. Skelley AM, Mathies RA. (2003) Chiral separation of fluorescamine-labeled amino acids using microfabricated capillary electrophoresis devices for extraterrestrial exploration. J Chrom A1021:191-199
179. Nowicki HG. (1976) Studies on fluorescamine: part I—applications of fluorescamine in forensic toxicological analysis. J Forensic Sci 21(1):154-162
180. Weigele M, DeBernardo SL, Tengi JP, Leimgruber W. (1972) Novel reagent for the fluorometric assay of primary amines. J Am Chem Soc 94(16):5927-5928
181. Lee HC. (1978) Advantages and disadvantages of fluorescamine and o-phthalaldehyde for the detection of latent prints Presented at the International Association of Identification Conference, Austin, TX, 27 August
182. Lee HC, Attard AE. (1979) Comparison of fluorescamine, o-phthalaldehyde, and ninhydrin for the detection and visualization of fingerprints. J Pol Sci Admin 7(3):333-335
183. Anon. (2005) Fluorescamine. Sigma Product Information.Product Number F 9015. January 2005
184. De Bernardo S, Weigele M, Toome V, Manhart K, Leimgruber W, Bohlen P, Stein S, Udenfriend S. (1974) Studies of the reaction of fluorescamine with primary amines. Arch Biochem 163:390-399
185. Djerassi C, Gray JD, Kincl FA. (1960) Naturally occurring oxygen heterocyclics. IX. Isolation and characterization of genipin. J Org Chem 25:2174-2177
186. Djerassi C, Nakano T, James AN, Zalkow LH, Eisenbraun EJ, Shoorlery JN. (1961) Terpenoids. XLVII. The structure of genipin. J Org Chem 26:1192-1206
187. Almog J, Cohen Y, Azoury M, Hahn T-R. (2004) Genipin—a novel fingerprint reagent with colorimetric and fluorogenic activity. J Forensic Sci 49(2):255-257
188. Levinton-Shamuilov G, Cohen Y, Azoury M, Chaikovsky A, Almog J. (2005) Genipin, a novel fingerprint reagent with colorimetric and fluorogenic activity, part II: Optimization, scope and limitations. J Forensic Sci 50(6):1367-1371
189. Jelly R, Lewis SW, Lennard C, Lim KF, Almog J (2008) Lawsone: a novel reagent for the detection of latent fingermarks on paper surfaces. Chem Commun 3513-3515
190. Jelly R, Lewis SW, Lennard C, Lim KF, Almog J .(2009) Naphthoquinones as novel reagents for the detection of latent fingermarks on paper surfaces Presented at the International Fingerprint Research Group Meeting, Lausanne, Switzerland, June