Dynamic photonic materials based on liquid crystals

Progress in Optics

Volumn 58, Issue , 2013, Pages 1-64

  De Sio, Luciano ^a   Tabiryan, Nelson ^b   Bunning, Timothy ^c   Kimball, Brian R ^d   Umeton, Cesare ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA   (Italy)

^b BEAM ENGINEERING FOR ADVANCED MEASUREMENTS CO   (United States)

^c AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^d DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Diffraction gratings; Holography; Liquid crystals; Nanomaterials; Polymers; Waveplates

Indexed keywords

EID: 84881487503     PISSN: 00796638     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-62644-8.00001-7     Document Type: Chapter

References (103)

1. Abbate G., Vita F., Marino A., Tkachenko V., Slussarenko S., Sakhno O., et al. New generation of holographic gratings based on polymer-LC composites: POLICRYPS and POLIPHEM. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 2006, 453:1-13.
2. Allahverdyan K., Galstian T. Electrooptic jumps in natural helicoidal photonic bandgap structures. Optics Express 2011, 19:4611-4617.
3. Anderle K., Birenheide R., Werner M.J.A., Wendorff J.H. Molecular addressing-studies on light-induced reorientation in liquid-crystalline side chain polymers. Liquid Crystals 2006, 33:1421-1427.
4. Atkins P.W. Physical chemistry 1987, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
5. Bailey C.A., Tondiglia V.P., Natarajan L.V., Duning M.M., Bricker R.L., Sutherland R.L. Electromechanical tuning of cholesteric liquid crystals. Journal of Applied Physics 2010, 107:013105/1-013105/8.
6. Beckel E.R., Natarajan L.V., Tondiglia V.P., Sutherland R.L., Bunning T.J. Electro-optical properties of holographically patterned polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals. Liquid Crystals 2007, 34:1151-1158.
7. Bhandari R. Polarization of light and topological phases. Physics Reports 1997, 282:1-64.
8. Blinov L.M. Electro-optical and magneto-optical properties of liquid crystals 1983, 212-256. Wiley, Chichester.
9. Blinov L.M. Photoinduced molecular reorientation in polymers, Langmuir-Blodgett films and liquid crystals. Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics and Material 1996, 5:165-187.
10. Bowley C., Fontecchio A., Lin J., Yuan H., Crawford G. Advances in holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal technology. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 1999, 559:97-107.
11. Bowley C., Fontecchio A., Crawford G., Lin J., Li L., Faris S. Multiple gratings simultaneously formed in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal displays. Applied Physics Letters 2000, 76(5):523-525.
12. Broer D.J., Lub J., Mol G.N. Wide-band reflective polarizers from cholesteric polymer networks with a pitch gradient. Nature 1995, 378:467-469.
13. Broer D.J., Mol G.N., van Haaren J.A.M.M., Lub J. Photo-induced diffusion in polymerizing chiral-nematic media. Advanced Materials 1999, 11:573-578.
14. Bücher H.K., Klingbiel R.T., VanMeter J.P. Frequency-addressed liquid crystal field effect. Applied Physics Letters 1974, 25:186-188.
15. Bunning T., Natarajan L., Tondiglia V., Sutherland R., Vezie D., Adams W. The morphology and performance of holographic transmission gratings recorded in polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Polymer 1995, 36(14):2699-2708.
16. Bunning T., Natarajan L., Tondiglia V., Sutherland R., Vezie D., Adams W. Morphology of reflection holograms formed in situ using polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. Polymer 1996, 37(14):3147-3150.
17. Bunning T., Natarajan L., Tondiglia V., Sutherland R. Holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs). Annual Review of Materials Science 2000, 30:83-115.
18. Campbell M., Sharp D., Harrison M., Denning R., Turberfield A. Fabrication of photonic crystals for the visible spectrum by holographic lithography. Nature 2000, 404(6773):53-56.
19. Caputo R., De Sio L., Sukhov A.V., Veltri A., Umeton C. Development of a new kind of switchable holographic grating made of liquid-crystal films separated by slices of polymeric material. Optics Letters 2004, 29:1261-1263.
20. Caputo R., Sukhov A.V., Umeton C., Veltri A. Kogelnik-like model for the diffraction efficiency of POLICRYPS gratings. Journal of the Optical Society of America B 2005, 22:735-742.
21. Caputo R., DeLuca A., Sio L., Pezzi L., Strangi G., Umeton C., et al. POLICRYPS: A liquid crystal composed nano/microstructure with a wide range of optical and electro-optical applications. Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 2009, 11:024017.
22. Caputo R., Trebisacce I., De Sio L., Umeton C. Jones matrix analysis of dichroic phase retarders realized in soft matter composite materials. Optics Express 2010, 18:5776-5784.
23. Carbone G., Salter P., Elston S.J., Raynes P., De Sio L., Ferjani S., et al. Short pitch cholesteric electro-optical device based on periodic polymer structures. Applied Physics Letters 2009, 95:11102-11104.
24. Chigrinov V., Kwok H.S., Takada H., Takatsu H. Photo-aligning by azo-dyes: Physics and applications. Liquid Crystals Today 2005, 14:1-15.
25. Choi S.S., Morris S.M., Coles H.J., Huck W.T.S. Wavelength tuning the photonic band gap in chiral nematic liquid crystals using electrically commanded surfaces. Applied Physics Letters 2007, 91:231110/1-3.
26. Choi S.S., Morris S.M., Huck W.T.S., Coles H.J. The switching properties of chiral nematic liquid crystals using electrically commanded surfaces. Soft Matter 2009, 5:354-362.
27. Choi S.S., Morris S.M., Huck W.T.S., Coles H.J. Electrically tuneable liquid crystal photonic bandgaps. Advanced Materials 2009, 21:3915-3918.
28. Clark N.A., Lagerwall S.T. Submicrosecond bistable electro-optic switching in liquid crystals. Applied Physics Letters 1980, 36:899-901.
29. Crawford G. Electrically Switchable Bragg Gratings. Optics and Photonics News 2003, 14(4):54-59.
30. Cunningham A., Mühlig S., Rockstuhl C., Bürgi T. Coupling of plasmon resonances in tunable layered arrays of gold nanoparticles. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2011, 115:8955-8960.
31. d'Alessandro A., Donisi D., De Sio L., Beccherelli R., Asquini R., Caputo R., et al. Tunable integrated optical filter made of a glass ion-exchanged waveguide and an electro-optic composite holographic grating. Optics Express 2008, 16:9254-9260.
32. De Jeu W.H., Gerritsma C.J., Van Zanten P., Goossens W.J.A. Relaxation of the dielectric constant and electrodynamic instabilities in a liquid crystal. Physics Letters 1972, 39A:355-356.
33. De Sio L., Caputo R., De Luca A., Veltri A., Umeton C. In situ optical control and stabilization of the curing process of holographic gratings with a nematic film-polymer-slice sequence structure. Applied Optics 2006, 45:3721-3727.
34. De Sio L., Tabiryan N., Caputo R., Veltri A., Umeton C. POLICRYPS structures as switchable optical phase modulators. Optics Express 2008, 16:7619-7624.
35. De Sio L., Serak S., Tabiryan N., Ferjani S., Veltri A., Umeton C. Composite holographic gratings containing light-responsive liquid crystals for visible bichromatic switching. Advanced Materials 2010, 22(21):2316-2319.
36. De Sio L., Tedesco A., Tabiryan N., Umeton C. Optically controlled holographic beam splitter. Applied Physics Letters 2010, 97:183507-183509.
37. De Sio L., Ferjani S., Strangi G., Umeton C., Bartolino R. Universal soft matter template for photonic applications. Soft Matter 2011, 7:3739-3743.
38. De Sio L., Caputo R., Cataldi U., Umeton C. Broad band tuning of the plasmonic resonance of Gold nanoparticles hosted in self-organized soft materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2011, 21:18967.
39. De Sio L., Cunningham A., Verrina V., Tone C.M., Caputo R., Buergi T., et al. Double active control of the plasmonic resonance of a gold nanoparticle array. Nanoscale 2012, 4:7619-7623.
40. Drzaic P.S. Liquid crystal dispersions 1995, 30-59. World Scientific, Singapore.
41. Feigenbaum E., Diest K., Atwater H.A. Unity-order index change in transparent conducting oxides at visible frequencies. Nano Letters 2010, 10:2111-2116.
42. Gennes P.G.D., Prost J. The physics of liquid crystals 1995, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom. 2nd ed.
43. Gerber P.R. Two-frequency addressing of a cholesteric texture change electro-optical effect. Applied Physics Letters 1984, 44:932-934.
44. Gilardi G., De Sio L., Beccherelli R., Asquini R., d'Alessandro A., Umeton C. Observation of tunable optical filtering in photosensitive composite structures containing liquid crystals. Optics Letters 2011, 36:4755-4757.
45. Guillard H., Sixou P., Reboul L., Perichaud A. Electrooptical characterization of polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals. Polymer 2001, 42:9753-9762.
46. Hegde G., Komitov L. Periodic anchoring condition for alignment of a short pitch cholesteric liquid crystal in uniform lying helix texture. Applied Physics Letters 2010, 96:113503-113505.
47. Hikmet R.A.M., Kemperman H. Electrically switchable mirrors and optical components made from liquid-crystal gels. Nature 1998, 392:476-479.
48. Hikmet R.A.M., Kemperman H. Switchable mirrors of chiral liquid crystal gels. Liquid Crystals 1999, 26:1645-1653.
49. Hsiao Y.-C., Tang C.-Y., Lee W. Fast-switching bistable cholesteric intensity modulator. Optics Express 2011, 19:9744-9749.
50. Hrozhyk U., Serak S., Tabiryan N., Bunning T.J. Wide temperature range azobenzene nematic and smectic LC materials. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 2006, 454:235-245.
51. Hrozhyk U., Serak S., Tabiryan N., Bunning T.J. Photoinduced isotropic state of cholesteric liquid crystals: Novel dynamic photonic materials. Advanced Materials 2007, 19:3244-3247.
52. Hrozhyk U., Serak S., Tabiryan N., Hoke L., Steeves D.M., Kimball B., et al. Systematic study of absorption spectra of donor-acceptor azobenzene mesogenic structures. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 2008, 489:257 [583]-272 [598].
53. Hrozhyk U.A., Serak S.V., Tabiryan N.V., Hoke L., Steeves D.M., Kimball B.R. Azobenzene liquid crystalline materials for efficient optical switching with pulsed and/or continuous wave laser beams. Optics Express 2010, 18(8):8697-8704.
54. Ishihara S. How far has the molecular alignment of liquid crystals been elucidated?. IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology 2005, 1:30-40.
55. Johnson P.B., Christy R.W. Optical constants of the noble metal. Physical Reviews B 1972, 6:4370-4379.
56. Kinnan M.K., Chumanov G. Plasmon coupling in two-dimensional arrays of silver nanoparticles: II. Effect of the particle size and interparticle distance. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2010, 114:7496-7501.
57. Kogelnik H. Coupled wave theory for thick hologram gratings. Bell System Technical Journal 1969, 48:2909-2947.
58. Kogelnik H., Shank C.V. Simulated emission in a periodic structure. Applied Physics Letters 1971, 18:152-154.
59. Klosterman J., Natarajan L., Tondiglia V., Sutherland R., White T., Guymon C., et al. The influence of surfactant in reflective HPDLC gratings. Polymer 2004, 45:7213.
60. Kossyrev P.A., Yin A., Cloutier S.G., Cardimona D.A., Huang D., Alsing P.M., et al. Electric Field Tuning of Plasmonic Response of Nanodot Array in Liquid Crystal Matrix. Nano Letters 2005, 5:1978.
61. Knoll H. Organic photochemistry and photobiology 2004, CRC Press, Photoisomerism of azobenzenes. Boca Raton. W. Horspool, F. Lenci (Eds.).
62. Li Z., Desai P., Akins R., Ventouris G., Voloschenko D. Electrically tunable color for full-color reflective displays. Proceedings of SPIE 2002, 4658:7-13.
63. Lin T.-H., Jau H.-C., Chen C.-H., Chen Y.-J., Wei T.-H., Chen C.-W. Electrically controllable laser based on cholesteric liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy. Applied Physics Letters 2006, 88:061122/1-3.
64. Liu Y., Sun X., Dai H., Liu J., Xu K. Effect of surfactant on the electro-optical properties of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal Bragg gratings. Optical Materials 2005, 27(8):1451-1455.
65. Liu Y., Sun X. Holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals: Materials, formation, and applications. Advanced Optics Electronics 2008, 2008(684349):684341-684352.
66. Liu Q., Cui Y., Gardner D., Li X., He S., Smalyukh I.I. Self-alignment of plasmonic gold nanorods in reconfigurable anisotropic fluids for tunable bulk metamaterial applications. Nano Letters 2010, 10:1347-1353.
67. Liu Y.J., Hao Q., Smalley J.S.T., Liou J., Khoo I.C., Huang T.J. A frequency-addressed plasmonic switch based on dual-frequency liquid crystals. Applied Physics Letters 2010, 97:091101.
68. Link S., El-Sayed M.A. Size and temperature dependence of the plasmon absorption of colloidal gold nanoparticles. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 1999, 103:4212-4217.
69. Lu S.-Y., Chien L.-C. A polymer-stabilized single-layer color cholesteric liquid crystal display with anisotropic reflection. Applied Physics Letters 2007, 91:131119/1-3.
70. Meng S., Kyu T., Natarajan L., Tondiglia V., Sutherland R., Bunning T. Holographic photo-polymerization induced phase seperation in reference to the phase diagram of a mixture of photo-curable monomer and nematic liquid crystal. Macromolecules 2005, 38:4844-4854.
71. Meyer R.B. Effects of electric and magnetic fields on the structure of cholesteric liquid crystals. Applied Physics Letters 1968, 12:281-282.
72. Meyer R.B. Piezoelectric effects in liquid crystals. Physical Review Letters 1969, 22:918-921.
73. Mie G. Beitrage zer Optik truber Meiden speziell kolloidaler Metallosungen. Annals of Physics 1908, 25:377-445.
74. Montemezzani G., Zgonik M. Light diffraction at mixed phase and absorption gratings in anisotropic media for arbitrary geometries. Physical Review E 1997, 55(1):1035-1047.
75. Natarajan L., Sutherland R., Tondiglia V., Bunning T., Adams W. Electro-optical switching characteristics of volume holograms in polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics and Materials 1996, 5(1):89-98.
76. Natarajan L., Brown D., Wofford J., Tondiglia V., Sutherland R., Lloyd P., et al. Holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal reflection gratings formed by visible light initiated thiol-ene photopolymerization. Polymer 2006, 47(12):4411-4420.
77. Natarajan L.V., Wofford J.M., Tondiglia V.P., Sutherland R.L., Koerner H., Vaia R.A. Electro-thermal tuning in a negative dielectric cholesteric liquid crystal material. Journal of Applied Physics 2008, 103:093107/1-6.
78. Natarajan L.V., Wofford J.M., Tondiglia V.P., Sutherland R.L., Siwecki S.A., Koerner H. Tuning of a cholesteric filter having a negative dielectric anisotropy. Proceedings of SPIE 2007, 6654:66540A/1-6.
79. Nersisyan S.R., Tabiryan N.V., Steeves D.M., Kimball B. Optical axis gratings in liquid crystals and their use for polarization insensitive optical switching. Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics and Materials 2009, 18(1):1-47.
80. Nersisyan, S. R., Kimball, B. R., Steeves, D. M., and Tabiryan, N. V. (2010). Technology of diffractive waveplates for polarizer-free displays. IMID/IDMC/ASIA Display Digest, 277-278.
81. Patel J.S., Meyer R.B. Flexoelectric electro-optics of a cholesteric liquid crystal. Physical Review Letters 1987, 58:1538-1540.
82. Pogue R., Natarajan L., Siwecki S., Tondiglia V., Sutherland R., Bunning T. Monomer functionality effects in the anisotropic phase separation of liquid crystals. Polymer 2000, 41(2):733-741.
83. Ren H., Wu S.-T. Reflective reversed-mode polymer stabilized cholesteric texture light switches. Journal of Applied Physics 2002, 92(2):797-800.
84. Sathaye K.S., Dupont L., de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye J.-L. Asymmetric tunable Fabry-Perot cavity using switchable polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal optical Bragg mirror. Optical Engineering 2012, 51:034001/1-7.
85. Schulte M., Clarson S., Natarajan L., Tomlin D., Bunning T. The effect of fluorine-substituted acrylate monomers on the electro-optical and morphological properties of polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Liquid Crystals 2000, 27(4):467-475.
86. Senyurt A., Warren G., Whitehead J., Hoyle C. Matrix physical structure effect on the electro-optic characteristics of thiol-ene based H-PDLC films. Polymer 2006, 47(8):2741-2749.
87. Serak S., Tabiryan N. Microwatt power optically controlled spatial solitons in azobenzene liquid crystals. SPIE Proceedings 2006, 6332. 63320Y1-63320Y13.
88. Serak S.V., Tabiryan N.V., Bunning T.J. Nonlinear transmission of photosensitive cholesteric liquid crystals due to spectral bandwidth auto-tuning or restoration. Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics and Materials 2007, 16:471-483.
89. Strangi G., Barna V., Caputo R., De Luca A., Versace C., Scaramuzza N., et al. Color-tunable organic microcavity laser array using distributed feedback. Physical Review Letters 2005, 94:63903-63906.
90. Sutherland R. Polarization and switching properties of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal gratings. I.Theoretical model. Journal of the Optical Society of America B 2002, 19(12):2995-3003.
91. Tabiryan N., Hrozhyk U., Serak S. Nonlinear refraction in photoinduced isotropic state of liquid crystalline azobenzenes. Physical Review Letter 2004, 93:113901(1)-113901(4).
92. Tabiryan N., Nersisyan S.R., Steeves D.M., Kimball B.R. The promise of diffractive waveplates. Optics and Photonics News 2010, 21(3):41-45.
93. Tondiglia V.T., Natarajan L.V., Bailey C.A., Duning M.M., Sutherland R.L., Yang D.-K. Electrically induced bandwidth broadening in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals. Journal of Applied Physics 2011, 110:053109/1-8.
94. Urbas A., Beckel E., Tondiglia V., Natarajan L., Bunning T. Holographic liquid crystal photonic materials stabilized with monoacrylate LC monomer. American Physical Society 2006, W28.009.
95. Vaia R., Tomlin D., Schulte M., Bunning T. Two-phase nanoscale morphology of polymer/LC composites. Polymer 2001, 42:1055.
96. Veltri A., Caputo R., Umeton C., Sukhov A.V. Model for the photoinduced formation of diffraction gratings in liquid-crystalline composite materials. Applied Physics Letters 2004, 84:3492-3494.
97. Wendorff J.H. Holographic storage via the liquid crystal state: a success story. Liquid Crystals 2006, 33:1419-1420.
98. White T.J., Bricker R.L., Natarajan V., Serak S., Tabiryan N., Bunning T.J. Polymer stabilization of phototunable cholesteric liquid crystals. Soft Matter 2009, 5:3623-3628.
99. Wu S.T., Efron U., Hess L.D. Birefringence measurements of liquid crystals. Applied Optics 1984, 23:3911-3915.
100. Xianyu H., Faris S., Crawford G.P. In-plane switching of cholesteric liquid crystals for visible and near-infrared applications. Applied Optics 2004, 43:5006-5015.
101. Xu M., Yang D.-K. Dual frequency cholesteric light shutters. Applied Physics Letters 1997, 70:720-722.
102. Yeh P., Gu C. Optics of liquid crystal displays 1999, 282-305. Wiley, New York.
103. Yu H., Tang B.Y., Li J., Li L. Electrically tunable lasers made from electro-optically active photonics bang gap materials. Optics Express 2005, 13:7243-7249.