SCOPUS 정보 검색 플랫폼 - 논문 보기

메뉴 건너뛰기

ISIJ International

Volumn 53, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 935-949

Macrosegregation in steel ingots: The applicability of modelling and characterisation techniques

(1) Pickering, Edward John a

a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Casting; Ingots; Macrosegregation; Solidification; Solidification modelling

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS; LATEST DEVELOPMENT; MACRO SCALE; MACRO-MODELS; MACROSEGREGATIONS; NUCLEAR-POWER INDUSTRY;

ALLOYING ELEMENTS; CASTING; INGOTS; METAL CASTINGS; NUCLEAR INDUSTRY; SOLIDIFICATION;

STEEL INGOTS;

EID: 84881344918 PISSN: 09151559 EISSN: None Source Type: Journal
DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.53.935 Document Type: Review

Times cited : (155)

References (222)

1
- 84860822939
- Heterogeneity Sub-Committee of the British Iron and Steel Institute
- Heterogeneity Sub-Committee of the British Iron and Steel Institute: J. Iron Steel Inst., 113 (1926), 39.
- (1926) J. Iron Steel Inst. , vol.113 , pp. 39

2
- 29444457721
- A. Hultgren: J. Iron Steel Inst., 120 (1929), 69.
- (1929) J. Iron Steel Inst. , vol.120 , pp. 69
- Hultgren, A.¹

3
- 84881358183
- E. Marburg: JOM, (1953), 157.
- (1953) JOM , pp. 157
- Marburg, E.¹

4
- 84892335811
- Physical Chemistry of Steelmaking Committee: ed. by G. Derge, AIME, NY
- Physical Chemistry of Steelmaking Committee: Basic Open Hearth Steelmaking, ed. by G. Derge, AIME, NY, (1964).
- (1964) Basic Open Hearth Steelmaking

5
- 84881354458
- Joint Committee of the Iron and Steel Institute and the British Iron and Steel Federation
- Joint Committee of the Iron and Steel Institute and the British Iron and Steel Federation: J. Iron Steel Inst., 35 (1937), 12.
- (1937) J. Iron Steel Inst. , vol.35 , pp. 12

6
- 33749326052
- L. Northcott and V. Dickin: J. Inst. Met., 70 (1944), 301.
- (1944) J. Inst. Met. , vol.70 , pp. 301
- Northcott, L.¹ Dickin, V.²

7
- 0004130692
- Trans Tech Publications LTD, Switzerland
- W. Kurz and D. J. Fisher: Fundamentals of Solidification, Trans Tech Publications LTD, Switzerland, (1986).
- (1986) Fundamentals of Solidification
- Kurz, W.¹ Fisher, D.J.²

8
- 0004294620
- McGraw-Hill, NY
- M. C. Flemings: Solidification Processing, McGraw-Hill, NY, (1974).
- (1974) Solidification Processing
- Flemings, M.C.¹

9
- 84881327165
- M. Kawai: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 42 (1956), 14.
- (1956) Tetsu-to-Hagané , vol.42 , pp. 14
- Kawai, M.¹

10
- 84881341909
- C. E. Smeltzer: Iron Age, 184 (1959), 188.
- (1959) Iron Age , vol.184 , pp. 188
- Smeltzer, C.E.¹

11
- 0019702509
- K. Suzuki and T. Miyamoto: Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 21 (1981), 235.
- (1981) Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. , vol.21 , pp. 235
- Suzuki, K.¹ Miyamoto, T.²

12
- 0017503166
- K. Suzuki and T. Miyamoto: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 63 (1977), 45.
- (1977) Tetsu-to-Hagané , vol.63 , pp. 45
- Suzuki, K.¹ Miyamoto, T.²

13
- 0014571871
- R. J. McDonald and J. D. Hunt: Trans. TMS AIME, 245 (1969), 1993.
- (1969) Trans. TMS AIME , vol.245 , pp. 1993
- McDonald, R.J.¹ Hunt, J.D.²

14
- 0014796530
- R. J. McDonald and J. D. Hunt: Metall. Trans., 1 (1970), 1787.
- (1970) Metall. Trans. , vol.1 , pp. 1787
- McDonald, R.J.¹ Hunt, J.D.²

15
- 0014835258
- S. M. Copley, A. F. Giamei, S. M. Johnson and M. F. Hornbecker: Metall. Trans., 1 (1970), 2193.
- (1970) Metall. Trans. , vol.1 , pp. 2193
- Copley, S.M.¹ Giamei, A.F.² Johnson, S.M.³ Hornbecker, M.F.⁴

16
- 84881338765
- A. Ohno: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 54 (1968), 401.
- (1968) Tetsu-to-Hagané , vol.54 , pp. 401
- Ohno, A.¹

17
- 0017526037
- S. Asai, T. Sahara and I. Muchi: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 63 (1977), 1512.
- (1977) Tetsu-to-Hagané , vol.63 , pp. 1512
- Asai, S.¹ Sahara, T.² Muchi, I.³

18
- 0014836814
- A. F. Giamei and B. H. Kear: Metall. Trans., 1 (1970), 2185.
- (1970) Metall. Trans. , vol.1 , pp. 2185
- Giamei, A.F.¹ Kear, B.H.²

19
- 0015482501
- N. Streat and F. Weinberg: Metall. Trans., 3 (1972), 3181.
- (1972) Metall. Trans. , vol.3 , pp. 3181
- Streat, N.¹ Weinberg, F.²

20
- 0016335666
- N. Streat and F. Weinberg: Metall. Trans., 5 (1974), 2539.
- (1974) Metall. Trans. , vol.5 , pp. 2539
- Streat, N.¹ Weinberg, F.²

21
- 0016992937
- N. Streat and F. Weinberg: Metall. Trans. B, 7B (1976), 417.
- (1976) Metall. Trans. B , vol.7 B , pp. 417
- Streat, N.¹ Weinberg, F.²

22
- 0017938373
- H. Fredriksson and S. O. Nilsson: Metall. Trans. B, 9B (1978), 111.
- (1978) Metall. Trans. B , vol.9 B , pp. 111
- Fredriksson, H.¹ Nilsson, S.O.²

23
- 84881350090
- The Metals Society, London
- K. M. Fisher and J. D. Hunt: Proc. Int. Conf. on Solidification, The Metals Society, London, (1977), 325.
- (1977) Proc. Int. Conf. on Solidification , pp. 325
- Fisher, K.M.¹ Hunt, J.D.²

24
- 0020179574
- A. Sample and A. Hellawell: Metall. Trans. B, 13B (1982), 495.
- (1982) Metall. Trans. B , vol.13 B , pp. 495
- Sample, A.¹ Hellawell, A.²

25
- 0020863786
- A. Sample and A. Hellawell: Metall. Trans. A, 15A (1984), 2163.
- (1984) Metall. Trans. A , vol.15 A , pp. 2163
- Sample, A.¹ Hellawell, A.²

26
- 0024047580
- J. R. Sarazin and A. Hellawell: Metall. Trans. A, 19A (1988), 1861.
- (1988) Metall. Trans. A , vol.19 A , pp. 1861
- Sarazin, J.R.¹ Hellawell, A.²

27
- 0020495578
- C. Maidorn and B. Blind: Nucl. Eng. Des., 84 (1985), 285.
- (1985) Nucl. Eng. Des. , vol.84 , pp. 285
- Maidorn, C.¹ Blind, B.²

28
- 84881324202
- unpublished work
- E. J. Pickering: unpublished work.
- Pickering, E.J.¹

29
- 29444445320
- G. Lesoult: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 413-414 (2005), 19.
- (2005) Mater. Sci. Eng. A , vol.413-414 , pp. 19
- Lesoult, G.¹

30
- 0008973253
- The Iron and Steel Institute, London, UK
- B. Crawshaw and A. D. Choudhury: Proc. Conf. 'The Solidification of Metals', The Iron and Steel Institute, London, UK, (1967), 377.
- (1967) Proc. Conf. 'The Solidification of Metals' , pp. 377
- Crawshaw, B.¹ Choudhury, A.D.²

31
- 67349248695
- H. Combeau, M. Zaloznik, S. Hans and P. E. Richy: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 40B (2009), 289.
- (2009) Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.40 B , pp. 289
- Combeau, H.¹ Zaloznik, M.² Hans, S.³ Richy, P.E.⁴

32
- 0027885675
- I. Vannier, H. Combeau and G. Lesoult: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 173 (1993), 317.
- (1993) Mater. Sci. Eng. A , vol.173 , pp. 317
- Vannier, I.¹ Combeau, H.² Lesoult, G.³

33
- 84881353477
- S. Onodera and Y. Arakida: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 45 (1959), 16.
- (1959) Tetsu-to-Hagané , vol.45 , pp. 16
- Onodera, S.¹ Arakida, Y.²

34
- 29444454644
- B. Gray: J. Iron Steel Inst., 182 (1956), 366.
- (1956) J. Iron Steel Inst. , vol.182 , pp. 366
- Gray, B.¹

35
- 0016114067
- M. C. Flemings: Metall. Trans., 5 (1974), 2121.
- (1974) Metall. Trans. , vol.5 , pp. 2121
- Flemings, M.C.¹

36
- 0002317391
- M. C. Flemings, R. Mehrabian and G. E. Nereo: Trans. TMS AIME, 242 (1968), 41.
- (1968) Trans. TMS AIME , vol.242 , pp. 41
- Flemings, M.C.¹ Mehrabian, R.² Nereo, G.E.³

37
- 0016895123
- M. C. Flemings: Scand. J. Metall., 5 (1976), 1.
- (1976) Scand. J. Metall. , vol.5 , pp. 1
- Flemings, M.C.¹

38
- 84881320119
- J. S. Kirkaldy and W. V. Youdelis: Trans. TMS AIME, 212 (1958), 233.
- (1958) Trans. TMS AIME , vol.212 , pp. 233
- Kirkaldy, J.S.¹ Youdelis, W.V.²

39
- 30244573424
- The Iron and Steel Institute, London
- W. V. Youdelis: Proc. Conf. 'The Solidification of Metals', The Iron and Steel Institute, London, (1967), 112.
- (1967) Proc. Conf. 'The Solidification of Metals' , pp. 112
- Youdelis, W.V.¹

40
- 0001601501
- M. C. Flemings and G. E. Nereo: Trans. TMS AIME, 239 (1967), 1449.
- (1967) Trans. TMS AIME , vol.239 , pp. 1449
- Flemings, M.C.¹ Nereo, G.E.²

41
- 0002746476
- E. Scheil: Z. Metallkd., 34 (1942), 70.
- (1942) Z. Metallkd. , vol.34 , pp. 70
- Scheil, E.¹

42
- 84881326457
- G. H. Gulliver: J. Inst. Met., 9 (1913), 70.
- (1913) J. Inst. Met. , vol.9 , pp. 70
- Gulliver, G.H.¹

43
- 0000553594
- W. G. Pfann: Trans. TMS AIME, 194 (1952), 747.
- (1952) Trans. TMS AIME , vol.194 , pp. 747
- Pfann, W.G.¹

44
- 0002317389
- M. C. Flemings and G. E. Nereo: Trans. TMS AIME, 242 (1968), 50.
- (1968) Trans. TMS AIME , vol.242 , pp. 50
- Flemings, M.C.¹ Nereo, G.E.²

45
- 0014738856
- R. Mehrabian and M. C. Flemings: Metall. Trans., 1 (1970), 455.
- (1970) Metall. Trans. , vol.1 , pp. 455
- Mehrabian, R.¹ Flemings, M.C.²

46
- 0033658348
- M. C. Flemings: ISIJ Int., 40 (2000), 833.
- (2000) ISIJ Int. , vol.40 , pp. 833
- Flemings, M.C.¹

47
- 0014882166
- R. Mehrabian, M. Keane and M. C. Flemings: Metall. Trans., 1 (1970), 3238.
- (1970) Metall. Trans. , vol.1 , pp. 3238
- Mehrabian, R.¹ Keane, M.² Flemings, M.C.³

48
- 0000142869
- T. S. Piwonka and M. C. Flemings: Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME, 236 (1966), 1157.
- (1966) Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME , vol.236 , pp. 1157
- Piwonka, T.S.¹ Flemings, M.C.²

49
- 0025383101
- S. Ganesan and D. R. Poirier: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 21B (1990), 173.
- (1990) Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.21 B , pp. 173
- Ganesan, S.¹ Poirier, D.R.²

50
- 0018517247
- T. Fujii, D. R. Poirier and M. C. Flemings: Metall. Trans. B, 10B (1979), 331.
- (1979) Metall. Trans. B , vol.10 B , pp. 331
- Fujii, T.¹ Poirier, D.R.² Flemings, M.C.³

51
- 0019607685
- S. D. Ridder, S. Kou and R. Mehrabian: Metall. Trans. B, 12B (1981), 435.
- (1981) Metall. Trans. B , vol.12 B , pp. 435
- Ridder, S.D.¹ Kou, S.² Mehrabian, R.³

52
- 0018007329
- S. D. Ridder, F. C. Reyes, S. Chakravorty, R. Mehrabian, J. D. Nauman, J. H. Chen and H. J. Klein: Metall. Trans. B, 9B (1978), 415.
- (1978) Metall. Trans. B , vol.9 B , pp. 415
- Ridder, S.D.¹ Reyes, F.C.² Chakravorty, S.³ Mehrabian, R.⁴ Nauman, J.D.⁵ Chen, J.H.⁶ Klein, H.J.⁷

53
- 0018007066
- J. Szekely and A. S. Jassal: Metall. Trans. B, 9B (1978), 389.
- (1978) Metall. Trans. B , vol.9 B , pp. 389
- Szekely, J.¹ Jassal, A.S.²

54
- 0023437892
- W. D. Bennon and F. P. Incropera: Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 30 (1987), 2161.
- (1987) Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol.30 , pp. 2161
- Bennon, W.D.¹ Incropera, F.P.²

55
- 0023438197
- W. D. Bennon and F. P. Incropera: Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 30 (1987), 2171.
- (1987) Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol.30 , pp. 2171
- Bennon, W.D.¹ Incropera, F.P.²

56
- 0023856142
- C. Beckermann and R. Viskanta: Physio Chemical Hydrodyn., 10 (1988), 195.
- (1988) Physio Chemical Hydrodyn. , vol.10 , pp. 195
- Beckermann, C.¹ Viskanta, R.²

57
- 0027187358
- C. Beckermann and R. Viskanta: Appl. Mech. Rev., 46 (1993), 1.
- (1993) Appl. Mech. Rev. , vol.46 , pp. 1
- Beckermann, C.¹ Viskanta, R.²

58
- 0024739752
- V. R. Voller and A. D. Brent: Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 32 (1989), 1719.
- (1989) Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol.32 , pp. 1719
- Voller, V.R.¹ Brent, A.D.²

59
- 0026377969
- S. D. Felicelli, J. C. Heinrich and D. R. Poirier: Metall. Trans. B, 22B (1991), 847.
- (1991) Metall. Trans. B , vol.22 B , pp. 847
- Felicelli, S.D.¹ Heinrich, J.C.² Poirier, D.R.³

60
- 0027607055
- S. D. Felicelli, J. C. Heinrich and D. R. Poirier: Numer. Heat Transf., Part B, 23 (1993), 461.
- (1993) Numer. Heat Transf., Part B , vol.23 , pp. 461
- Felicelli, S.D.¹ Heinrich, J.C.² Poirier, D.R.³

61
- 0028447689
- D. R. Poirier and J. C. Heinrich: Mater. Charact., 32 (1994), 287.
- (1994) Mater. Charact. , vol.32 , pp. 287
- Poirier, D.R.¹ Heinrich, J.C.²

62
- 0024749227
- P. Nandapurkar, D. R. Poirier, J. C. Heinrich and S. Felicelli: Metall. Trans. B, 20B (1989), 711.
- (1989) Metall. Trans. B , vol.20 B , pp. 711
- Nandapurkar, P.¹ Poirier, D.R.² Heinrich, J.C.³ Felicelli, S.⁴

63
- 0024918553
- J. C. Heinrich, S. Felicelli, P. Nandapurkar and D. R. Poirier: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 20B (1989), 883.
- (1989) Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.20 B , pp. 883
- Heinrich, J.C.¹ Felicelli, S.² Nandapurkar, P.³ Poirier, D.R.⁴

64
- 0026136731
- P. Nandapurkar, D. R. Poirier and J. C. Heinrich: Numer. Heat Transf., Part A, 19 (1991), 297.
- (1991) Numer. Heat Transf., Part A , vol.19 , pp. 297
- Nandapurkar, P.¹ Poirier, D.R.² Heinrich, J.C.³

65
- 0026108564
- D. Xu and Q. Li: Acta Metall. Sin., 4 (1991), 37.
- (1991) Acta Metall. Sin. , vol.4 , pp. 37
- Xu, D.¹ Li, Q.²

66
- 0026222193
- D. Xu and Q. Li: Numer. Heat Transf., Part A, 20 (1991), 181.
- (1991) Numer. Heat Transf., Part A , vol.20 , pp. 181
- Xu, D.¹ Li, Q.²

67
- 0026219713
- D. Xu and Q. Li: Numer. Heat Transf., Part A, 20 (1991), 203.
- (1991) Numer. Heat Transf., Part A , vol.20 , pp. 203
- Xu, D.¹ Li, Q.²

68
- 0026892867
- K. C. Chiang and H. L. Tsai: Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 35 (1992), 1763.
- (1992) Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol.35 , pp. 1763
- Chiang, K.C.¹ Tsai, H.L.²

69
- 0026892869
- K. C. Chiang and H. L. Tsai: Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 35 (1992), 1771.
- (1992) Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol.35 , pp. 1771
- Chiang, K.C.¹ Tsai, H.L.²

70
- 0031272527
- G. F. Naterer: Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng., 5 (1997), 595.
- (1997) Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. , vol.5 , pp. 595
- Naterer, G.F.¹

71
- 0029414197
- M. C. Schneider and C. Beckermann: Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 38 (1995), 3455.
- (1995) Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol.38 , pp. 3455
- Schneider, M.C.¹ Beckermann, C.²

72
- 0033571506
- E. McBride, J. C. Heinrich and D. R. Poirier: Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 31 (1999), 787.
- (1999) Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids , vol.31 , pp. 787
- McBride, E.¹ Heinrich, J.C.² Poirier, D.R.³

73
- 0034628106
- J. C. Heinrich and E. McBride: Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 47 (2000), 735.
- (2000) Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. , vol.47 , pp. 735
- Heinrich, J.C.¹ McBride, E.²

74
- 2342453906
- J. C. Heinrich and D. R. Poirier: Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng., 12 (2004), 881.
- (2004) Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. , vol.12 , pp. 881
- Heinrich, J.C.¹ Poirier, D.R.²

75
- 0033751928
- M. El-Bealy: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 31B (2000), 331.
- (2000) Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.31 B , pp. 331
- El-Bealy, M.¹

76
- 0033750218
- M. El-Bealy: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 31B (2000), 345.
- (2000) Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.31 B , pp. 345
- El-Bealy, M.¹

77
- 0030401367
- M. El-Bealy and H. Fredriksson: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 27B (1996), 999.
- (1996) Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.27 B , pp. 999
- El-Bealy, M.¹ Fredriksson, H.²

78
- 51249174601
- M. Rappaz and V. R. Voller: Metall. Trans. A, 21A (1990), 749.
- (1990) Metall. Trans. A , vol.21 A , pp. 749
- Rappaz, M.¹ Voller, V.R.²

79
- 0026407024
- D. R. Poirier, P. Nandapurkar and S. Ganesan: Metall. Trans. B, 22B (1991), 889.
- (1991) Metall. Trans. B , vol.22 B , pp. 889
- Poirier, D.R.¹ Nandapurkar, P.² Ganesan, S.³

80
- 0024132679
- D. R. Poirier and P. Nandapurkar: Metall. Trans. A, 19A (1988), 3057.
- (1988) Metall. Trans. A , vol.19 A , pp. 3057
- Poirier, D.R.¹ Nandapurkar, P.²

81
- 0026261059
- M. C. Schneider and C. Beckermann: Appl. Math. Modell., 15 (1991), 596.
- (1991) Appl. Math. Modell. , vol.15 , pp. 596
- Schneider, M.C.¹ Beckermann, C.²

82
- 0026824635
- C. M. Oldenburg and F. J. Spera: Numer. Heat Transf., Part B, 92B (1992), 217.
- (1992) Numer. Heat Transf., Part B , vol.92 B , pp. 217
- Oldenburg, C.M.¹ Spera, F.J.²

83
- 84881325035
- ASME, New York
- P. J. Prescott, F. P. Incropera and D. R. Poirier: 28th Nat1. Heat Transfer Conf., ASME, New York, (1992).
- (1992) 28th Nat1. Heat Transfer Conf.
- Prescott, P.J.¹ Incropera, F.P.² Poirier, D.R.³

84
- 0001944589
- TMS, Warrendale, PA
- S. C. Flood, L. Katgerman and V. R. Voller: Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes V, TMS, Warrendale, PA, (1991), 683.
- (1991) Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes v , pp. 683
- Flood, S.C.¹ Katgerman, L.² Voller, V.R.³

85
- 84881337425
- Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands
- V. R. Voller: NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Interactive Dynamics in Convection and Solidification, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, (1992).
- (1992) NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Interactive Dynamics in Convection and Solidification
- Voller, V.R.¹

86
- 51249172169
- J. Ni and C. Beckermann: Metall. Trans. B, 22B (1991), 349.
- (1991) Metall. Trans. B , vol.22 B , pp. 349
- Ni, J.¹ Beckermann, C.²

87
- 0025508014
- C. Prakash: Numer. Heat Transf., Part B, 18 (1990), 131.
- (1990) Numer. Heat Transf., Part B , vol.18 , pp. 131
- Prakash, C.¹

88
- 0025505618
- C. Prakash: Numer. Heat Transf., Part B, 18 (1990), 147.
- (1990) Numer. Heat Transf., Part B , vol.18 , pp. 147
- Prakash, C.¹

89
- 0030245380
- C. Y. Wang and C. Beckermann: Metall Mater. Trans. A, 27A (1996), 2754.
- (1996) Metall Mater. Trans. A , vol.27 A , pp. 2754
- Wang, C.Y.¹ Beckermann, C.²

90
- 0030245040
- C. Y. Wang and C. Beckermann: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 27A (1996), 2765.
- (1996) Metall. Mater. Trans. A , vol.27 A , pp. 2765
- Wang, C.Y.¹ Beckermann, C.²

91
- 0030244829
- C. Beckermann and C. Y. Wang: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 27A (1996), 2784.
- (1996) Metall. Mater. Trans. A , vol.27 A , pp. 2784
- Beckermann, C.¹ Wang, C.Y.²

92
- 0029373475
- M. C. Schneider and C. Beckermann: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 26A (1995), 2373.
- (1995) Metall. Mater. Trans. A , vol.26 A , pp. 2373
- Schneider, M.C.¹ Beckermann, C.²

93
- 0031186264
- M. C. Schneider, J. P. Gu, C. Beckermann, W. J. Boettinger and U. R. Kattner: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 28A (1997), 1517.
- (1997) Metall. Mater. Trans. A , vol.28 A , pp. 1517
- Schneider, M.C.¹ Gu, J.P.² Beckermann, C.³ Boettinger, W.J.⁴ Kattner, U.R.⁵

94
- 33646885863
- TMS, Warrendale, PA
- W. J. Boettinger, U. R. Kattner, S. R. Coriell, Y. A. Chang and B. A. Mueller: Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes VII, TMS, Warrendale, PA, (1995), 649.
- (1995) Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes VII , pp. 649
- Boettinger, W.J.¹ Kattner, U.R.² Coriell, S.R.³ Chang, Y.A.⁴ Mueller, B.A.⁵

95
- 0031096618
- March
- S. D. Felicelli, D. R. Poirier, A. F. Giamei and J. C. Heinrich: JOM, March (1997), 21.
- (1997) JOM , pp. 21
- Felicelli, S.D.¹ Poirier, D.R.² Giamei, A.F.³ Heinrich, J.C.⁴

96
- 0032136219
- S. D. Felicelli, D. R. Poirier and J. C. Heinrich: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 29B (1998), 847.
- (1998) Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.29 B , pp. 847
- Felicelli, S.D.¹ Poirier, D.R.² Heinrich, J.C.³

97
- 0031925676
- S. D. Felicelli, J. C. Heinrich and D. R. Poirier: Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 27 (1998), 207.
- (1998) Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids , vol.27 , pp. 207
- Felicelli, S.D.¹ Heinrich, J.C.² Poirier, D.R.³

98
- 0032141733
- S. D. Felicelli, J. C. Heinrich and D. R. Poirier: J. Cryst. Growth, 191 (1998), 879.
- (1998) J. Cryst. Growth , vol.191 , pp. 879
- Felicelli, S.D.¹ Heinrich, J.C.² Poirier, D.R.³

99
- 0031250465
- M. J. M. Krane and F. P. Incropera: Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 40 (1997), 3827.
- (1997) Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol.40 , pp. 3827
- Krane, M.J.M.¹ Incropera, F.P.²

100
- 0031248663
- M. J. M. Krane and F. P. Incropera: Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 40 (1997), 3837.
- (1997) Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol.40 , pp. 3837
- Krane, M.J.M.¹ Incropera, F.P.²

101
- 84881340026
- TMS, Warrendale, PA
- C. Beckermann: The Merton C. Flemings Symp., TMS, Warrendale, PA, (2000).
- (2000) The Merton C. Flemings Symp.
- Beckermann, C.¹

102
- 0038322293
- M. Wu, A. Ludwig, A. Buhrig-Polaczek, M. Fehlbier and P. R. Sahm: Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 46 (2003), 2819.
- (2003) Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol.46 , pp. 2819
- Wu, M.¹ Ludwig, A.² Buhrig-Polaczek, A.³ Fehlbier, M.⁴ Sahm, P.R.⁵

103
- 34547336005
- A. I. Ciobanas and Y. Fautrelle: J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 40 (2007), 3733.
- (2007) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. , vol.40 , pp. 3733
- Ciobanas, A.I.¹ Fautrelle, Y.²

104
- 34547241549
- A. I. Ciobanas and Y. Fautrelle: J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 40 (2007), 4310.
- (2007) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. , vol.40 , pp. 4310
- Ciobanas, A.I.¹ Fautrelle, Y.²

105
- 33646690547
- M. Wu and A. Ludwig: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 37A (2006), 1613.
- (2006) Metall. Mater. Trans. A , vol.37 A , pp. 1613
- Wu, M.¹ Ludwig, A.²

106
- 29544448622
- A. Ludwig and M. Wu: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 413-414 (2005), 109.
- (2005) Mater. Sci. Eng. A , vol.413-414 , pp. 109
- Ludwig, A.¹ Wu, M.²

107
- 67349094936
- R. Tanzer, W. Schutzenhofer, G. Reiter, H. P. Fauland, L. Konozsy, A. Ishmurzin, M. Wu and A. Ludwig: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 40B (2009), 305.
- (2009) Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.40 B , pp. 305
- Tanzer, R.¹ Schutzenhofer, W.² Reiter, G.³ Fauland, H.P.⁴ Konozsy, L.⁵ Ishmurzin, A.⁶ Wu, M.⁷ Ludwig, A.⁸

108
- 0042062337
- M. A. Martorano, C. Beckermann and C. A. Gandin: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 34A (2003), 1657.
- (2003) Metall. Mater. Trans. A , vol.34 A , pp. 1657
- Martorano, M.A.¹ Beckermann, C.² Gandin, C.A.³

109
- 0023383657
- M. Rappaz and P. Thevoz: Acta Metall., 35 (1987), 1487.
- (1987) Acta Metall. , vol.35 , pp. 1487
- Rappaz, M.¹ Thevoz, P.²

110
- 0023531196
- M. Rappaz and P. Thevoz: Acta Metall., 35 (1987), 2929.
- (1987) Acta Metall. , vol.35 , pp. 2929
- Rappaz, M.¹ Thevoz, P.²

111
- 0027694061
- C. Y. Wang and C. Beckermann: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 171 (1993), 199.
- (1993) Mater. Sci. Eng. A , vol.171 , pp. 199
- Wang, C.Y.¹ Beckermann, C.²

112
- 70349774362
- M. Wu and A. Ludwig: Acta Mater., 57 (2000), 5621.
- (2000) Acta Mater. , vol.57 , pp. 5621
- Wu, M.¹ Ludwig, A.²

113
- 70349774363
- M. Wu and A. Ludwig: Acta Mater., 57(2000), 5632.
- (2000) Acta Mater. , vol.57 , pp. 5632
- Wu, M.¹ Ludwig, A.²

114
- 77957957824
- M. Wu, A. Fjeld and A. Ludwig: Comput. Mater. Sci., 50 (2010), 32.
- (2010) Comput. Mater. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 32
- Wu, M.¹ Fjeld, A.² Ludwig, A.³

115
- 77957955674
- M. Wu, A. Fjeld and A. Ludwig: Comput. Mater. Sci., 50 (2010), 43.
- (2010) Comput. Mater. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 43
- Wu, M.¹ Fjeld, A.² Ludwig, A.³

116
- 84877906206
- J. Li, M. Wu, A. Ludwig and A. Kharicha: IOP Conf. Series: Mater. Sci. Eng., 33 (2012), 012091.
- (2012) IOP Conf. Series: Mater. Sci. Eng. , vol.33 , pp. 012091
- Li, J.¹ Wu, M.² Ludwig, A.³ Kharicha, A.⁴

117
- 0035864598
- P. K. Sung, D. R. Poirier and S. D. Felicelli: Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 35 (2001), 357.
- (2001) Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids , vol.35 , pp. 357
- Sung, P.K.¹ Poirier, D.R.² Felicelli, S.D.³

118
- 33845230968
- TMS, Warrendale, PA
- S. Gouttebroze, W. Liu, M. Bellet and H. Combeau: Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes XI, TMS, Warrendale, PA, (2006), 227.
- (2006) Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes XI , pp. 227
- Gouttebroze, S.¹ Liu, W.² Bellet, M.³ Combeau, H.⁴

119
- 34447276206
- S. Gouttebroze, M. Bellet and H. Combeau: C. R. Mecanique, 335 (2007), 269.
- (2007) C. R. Mecanique , vol.335 , pp. 269
- Gouttebroze, S.¹ Bellet, M.² Combeau, H.³

120
- 0242415242
- V. R. Voller, A. Mouchmov and M. Cross: Appl. Math. Modell., 28 (2004), 79.
- (2004) Appl. Math. Modell. , vol.28 , pp. 79
- Voller, V.R.¹ Mouchmov, A.² Cross, M.³

121
- 44649099530
- R. Pardeshi, V. R. Voller, A. K. Singh and P. Dutta: Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 51 (2008), 3399.
- (2008) Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol.51 , pp. 3399
- Pardeshi, R.¹ Voller, V.R.² Singh, A.K.³ Dutta, P.⁴

122
- 67749122002
- I. L. Ferreira, V. R. Voller, B. Nestler and A. Garcia: Comput. Mater. Sci., 46 (2009), 358.
- (2009) Comput. Mater. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 358
- Ferreira, I.L.¹ Voller, V.R.² Nestler, B.³ Garcia, A.⁴

123
- 77956488462
- D. R. Liu, B. G. Sang, X. H. Kang and D. Z. Li: Int. J. Cast Metal. Res., 23 (2010), 354.
- (2010) Int. J. Cast Metal. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 354
- Liu, D.R.¹ Sang, B.G.² Kang, X.H.³ Li, D.Z.⁴

124
- 0032001254
- N. Ahmad, H. Combeau, J. L. Desbiolles, T. Jalanti, G. Lesoult, J. Rappaz, M. Rappaz and C. Stomp: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 29A (1998), 617.
- (1998) Metall. Mater. Trans. A , vol.29 A , pp. 617
- Ahmad, N.¹ Combeau, H.² Desbiolles, J.L.³ Jalanti, T.⁴ Lesoult, G.⁵ Rappaz, J.⁶ Rappaz, M.⁷ Stomp, C.⁸

125
- 84881363807
- PhD thesis, Ecole des Mines de Paris
- W. Liu: PhD thesis, Ecole des Mines de Paris, (2005).
- (2005)
- Liu, W.¹

126
- 84877906093
- M. Bellet, O. Boughanmi and G. Fidel: IOP Conf. Series: Mater. Sci. Eng., 33 (2012), 012052.
- (2012) IOP Conf. Series: Mater. Sci. Eng. , vol.33 , pp. 012052
- Bellet, M.¹ Boughanmi, O.² Fidel, G.³

127
- 0035244455
- A. K. Singh, R. Pardeshi and B. Basu: Sadhana, 26 (2001), 139.
- (2001) Sadhana , vol.26 , pp. 139
- Singh, A.K.¹ Pardeshi, R.² Basu, B.³

128
- 33749870437
- A. K. Singh, B. Basu and A. Ghosh: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 37B (2006), 799.
- (2006) Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.37 B , pp. 799
- Singh, A.K.¹ Basu, B.² Ghosh, A.³

129
- 0036733966
- P. K. Sung, D. R. Poirier and S. D. Felicelli: Mater. Sci. Eng., 10 (2002), 551.
- (2002) Mater. Sci. Eng. , vol.10 , pp. 551
- Sung, P.K.¹ Poirier, D.R.² Felicelli, S.D.³

130
- 4043126166
- C. W. Ma, H. F. Shen, T. Y. Huang and B. C. Liu: Acta Metall. Sin., 17 (2004), 288.
- (2004) Acta Metall. Sin. , vol.17 , pp. 288
- Ma, C.W.¹ Shen, H.F.² Huang, T.Y.³ Liu, B.C.⁴

131
- 80051908507
- D. Liu, X. Kang, B. Sang and D. Li: Acta Metall. Sin., 24 (2011), 54.
- (2011) Acta Metall. Sin. , vol.24 , pp. 54
- Liu, D.¹ Kang, X.² Sang, B.³ Li, D.⁴

132
- 84871339177
- A. Ludwig: private communication.
- Private Communication
- Ludwig, A.¹

133
- 84871339177
- C. Beckermann: private communication.
- Private Communication
- Beckermann, C.¹

134
- 0032676738
- J. P. Gu and C. Beckermann: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 30A (1999), 1357.
- (1999) Metall. Mater. Trans. A , vol.30 A , pp. 1357
- Gu, J.P.¹ Beckermann, C.²

135
- 0036647933
- V. R. Voller and F. Porte-Agel: J. Comput. Phys., 179 (2002), 698.
- (2002) J. Comput. Phys. , vol.179 , pp. 698
- Voller, V.R.¹ Porte-Agel, F.²

136
- 0242721351
- J. Guo and C. Beckermann: Numer. Heat Transf., Part A, 44 (2003), 559.
- (2003) Numer. Heat Transf., Part A , vol.44 , pp. 559
- Guo, J.¹ Beckermann, C.²

137
- 84881319777
- Transvalor S.A
- THERCAST software, Transvalor S.A., http://www.transvalor.com/ thercastpresentation.php.
- THERCAST Software

138
- 3042813631
- in Honor of Wilfried Kurz, TMS, Warrendale, PA
- M. Bellet, V. D. Fachinotti, S. Gouttebroze, W. Liu and H. Combeau: Proc. Symp. on Solidification Processes and Microstructures, in Honor of Wilfried Kurz, TMS, Warrendale, PA, (2004), 41.
- (2004) Proc. Symp. on Solidification Processes and Microstructures , pp. 41
- Bellet, M.¹ Fachinotti, V.D.² Gouttebroze, S.³ Liu, W.⁴ Combeau, H.⁵

139
- 84881342192
- MAGMA software, http://www.magmasoft.com/.
- MAGMA Software

140
- 84881345778
- ESI
- ProCAST software, ESI, http://www.esi-group.com/products/casting/procast.
- ProCAST Software

141
- 84983005588
- J MatPro software, http://www.sentesoftware.co.uk/jmatpro.aspx.
- J MatPro Software

142
- 0024931737
- M. Rappaz: Int. Mater. Rev., 34 (1989), 93.
- (1989) Int. Mater. Rev. , vol.34 , pp. 93
- Rappaz, M.¹

143
- 0000748523
- H. D. Brody and M. C. Flemings: Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME, 236 (1966), 615.
- (1966) Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME , vol.236 , pp. 615
- Brody, H.D.¹ Flemings, M.C.²

144
- 0019579108
- T. W. Clyne and W. Kurz: Metall. Trans. A, 30A (1981), 965.
- (1981) Metall. Trans. A , vol.30 A , pp. 965
- Clyne, T.W.¹ Kurz, W.²

145
- 0012875950
- T. Ohnaka: Tetsu-to-Hagané, 70 (1984), S913.
- (1984) Tetsu-to-Hagané , vol.70
- Ohnaka, T.¹

146
- 45449124234
- S. Kobayashi: J. Cryst. Growth, 88 (1988), 87.
- (1988) J. Cryst. Growth , vol.88 , pp. 87
- Kobayashi, S.¹

147
- 0024751565
- S. Ganesan and D. R. Poirier: J. Cryst. Growth, 97 (1989), 851.
- (1989) J. Cryst. Growth , vol.97 , pp. 851
- Ganesan, S.¹ Poirier, D.R.²

148
- 0032592522
- V. R. Voller and C. Beckermann: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 30A (1999), 2183.
- (1999) Metall. Mater. Trans. A , vol.30 A , pp. 2183
- Voller, V.R.¹ Beckermann, C.²

149
- 0024883169
- K. S. Yeum, V. Laxman and D. R. Poirier: Metall. Trans. A, 20A (1989), 2847.
- (1989) Metall. Trans. A , vol.20 A , pp. 2847
- Yeum, K.S.¹ Laxman, V.² Poirier, D.R.³

150
- 0022894374
- Y. Ueshima, S. Mizoguchi, T. Matsumiya and H. Kajioka: Metall. Trans. B, 17B (1986), 845.
- (1986) Metall. Trans. B , vol.17 B , pp. 845
- Ueshima, Y.¹ Mizoguchi, S.² Matsumiya, T.³ Kajioka, H.⁴

151
- 0023209068
- A. A. Howe: Appl. Sci. Res., 44 (1987), 51.
- (1987) Appl. Sci. Res. , vol.44 , pp. 51
- Howe, A.A.¹

152
- 0004871915
- TMS, Warrendale, PA
- A. A. Howe: Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes V, TMS, Warrendale, PA, (1991).
- (1991) Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes v
- Howe, A.A.¹

153
- 0026381713
- S. W. Chen, Y. Y. Chuang, Y. A. Chang and M. G. Chu: Metall. Trans. A, 22A (1991), 2837.
- (1991) Metall. Trans. A , vol.22 A , pp. 2837
- Chen, S.W.¹ Chuang, Y.Y.² Chang, Y.A.³ Chu, M.G.⁴

154
- 51249162539
- J. Miettinen: Metall. Trans. A, 23A (1992), 1155.
- (1992) Metall. Trans. A , vol.23 A , pp. 1155
- Miettinen, J.¹

155
- 0032689773
- M. Hillert, L. Hoglund and M. Schalin: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 30A (1999), 1635.
- (1999) Metall. Mater. Trans. A , vol.30 A , pp. 1635
- Hillert, M.¹ Hoglund, L.² Schalin, M.³

156
- 0036505566
- Q. Chen and B. Sundman: Mater. Trans., 43 (2002), 551.
- (2002) Mater. Trans. , vol.43 , pp. 551
- Chen, Q.¹ Sundman, B.²

157
- 0023209961
- A. J. W. Ogilvy and D. H. Kirkwood: Appl. Sci. Res., 44 (1987), 43.
- (1987) Appl. Sci. Res. , vol.44 , pp. 43
- Ogilvy, A.J.W.¹ Kirkwood, D.H.²

158
- 51249167919
- C. Y. Wang and C. Beckermann: Metall. Trans. A, 24A (1993), 2787.
- (1993) Metall. Trans. A , vol.24 A , pp. 2787
- Wang, C.Y.¹ Beckermann, C.²

159
- 0034270343
- X. Dore, H. Combeau and M. Rappaz: Acta Mater., 48 (2000), 3951.
- (2000) Acta Mater. , vol.48 , pp. 3951
- Dore, X.¹ Combeau, H.² Rappaz, M.³

160
- 24144499903
- L. Thinuet and H. Combeau: J. Mater. Sci., 39 (2004), 7213.
- (2004) J. Mater. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 7213
- Thinuet, L.¹ Combeau, H.²

161
- 61849155814
- L. Thinuet and H. Combeau: Comput. Mater. Sci., 45 (2009), 294.
- (2009) Comput. Mater. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 294
- Thinuet, L.¹ Combeau, H.²

162
- 61849133416
- L. Thinuet and H. Combeau: Comput. Mater. Sci., 45 (2009), 285.
- (2009) Comput. Mater. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 285
- Thinuet, L.¹ Combeau, H.²

163
- 84877907037
- H. Zhang, C. A. Gandin, K. Nakajima and J. He: IOP Conf. Series: Mater. Sci. Eng., 33 (2012), 012063.
- (2012) IOP Conf. Series: Mater. Sci. Eng. , vol.33 , pp. 012063
- Zhang, H.¹ Gandin, C.A.² Nakajima, K.³ He, J.⁴

164
- 82155203048
- A. A. Howe: Ironmaking Steelmaking, 38 (2011), 534.
- (2011) Ironmaking Steelmaking , vol.38 , pp. 534
- Howe, A.A.¹

165
- 0031335301
- December
- T. Kraft and Y. A. Chang: JOM, December (1997), 20.
- (1997) JOM , pp. 20
- Kraft, T.¹ Chang, Y.A.²

166
- 0014618161
- J. Fridberg, L. E. Torndahl and M. Hillert: Jernkont. Ann., 153 (1969), 263.
- (1969) Jernkont. Ann. , vol.153 , pp. 263
- Fridberg, J.¹ Torndahl, L.E.² Hillert, M.³

167
- 0016326190
- D. Apelian, M. C. Flemings and R. Mehrabian: Metall. Trans., 5 (1974), 2533.
- (1974) Metall. Trans. , vol.5 , pp. 2533
- Apelian, D.¹ Flemings, M.C.² Mehrabian, R.³

168
- 51249176675
- D. R. Poirier: Metall. Trans. B, 18B (1987), 245.
- (1987) Metall. Trans. B , vol.18 B , pp. 245
- Poirier, D.R.¹

169
- 0022043999
- R. West: Metall. Trans. A, 16A (1985), 693.
- (1985) Metall. Trans. A , vol.16 A , pp. 693
- West, R.¹

170
- 0020827760
- K. Murakami, A. Shiraishi and T. Okamoto: Acta Metall., 31 (1983), 1417.
- (1983) Acta Metall. , vol.31 , pp. 1417
- Murakami, K.¹ Shiraishi, A.² Okamoto, T.³

171
- 0021497334
- K. Murakami, A. Shiraishi and T. Okamoto: Acta Metall., 32 (1984), 1423.
- (1984) Acta Metall. , vol.32 , pp. 1423
- Murakami, K.¹ Shiraishi, A.² Okamoto, T.³

172
- 0022182777
- R. Nasser-Rafi, R. Deshmukh and D. R. Poirier: Metall. Trans. A, 16A (1985), 2263.
- (1985) Metall. Trans. A , vol.16 A , pp. 2263
- Nasser-Rafi, R.¹ Deshmukh, R.² Poirier, D.R.³

173
- 0026916569
- D. R. Poirier and S. Ganesan: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 157 (1992), 113.
- (1992) Mater. Sci. Eng. A , vol.157 , pp. 113
- Poirier, D.R.¹ Ganesan, S.²

174
- 0027700772
- D. R. Poirier and P. Ocansey: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 171 (1993), 231.
- (1993) Mater. Sci. Eng. A , vol.171 , pp. 231
- Poirier, D.R.¹ Ocansey, P.²

175
- 0028438859
- J. F. McCarthy: Acta Metall., 42 (1994), 1573.
- (1994) Acta Metall. , vol.42 , pp. 1573
- McCarthy, J.F.¹

176
- 0029392092
- M. S. Bhat, D. R. Poirier and J. C. Heinrich: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 26B (1995), 1049.
- (1995) Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.26 B , pp. 1049
- Bhat, M.S.¹ Poirier, D.R.² Heinrich, J.C.³

177
- 0029392093
- M. S. Bhat, D. R. Poirier and J. C. Heinrich: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 26B (1995), 1091.
- (1995) Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.26 B , pp. 1091
- Bhat, M.S.¹ Poirier, D.R.² Heinrich, J.C.³

178
- 0029167829
- D. Nagelhout, M. S. Bhat, J. C. Heinrich and D. R. Poirier: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 191 (1995), 203.
- (1995) Mater. Sci. Eng. A , vol.191 , pp. 203
- Nagelhout, D.¹ Bhat, M.S.² Heinrich, J.C.³ Poirier, D.R.⁴

179
- 0028485490
- M. S. Bhat, D. R. Poirier, J. C. Heinrich and D. Nagelhout: Scr. Metall. Mater., 31 (1994), 339.
- (1994) Scr. Metall. Mater. , vol.31 , pp. 339
- Bhat, M.S.¹ Poirier, D.R.² Heinrich, J.C.³ Nagelhout, D.⁴

180
- 0026854548
- S. Ganesan, C. L. Chan and D. R. Poirier: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 151 (1992), 97.
- (1992) Mater. Sci. Eng. A , vol.151 , pp. 97
- Ganesan, S.¹ Chan, C.L.² Poirier, D.R.³

181
- 0030158033
- J. C. Heinrich, D. R. Poirier and D. F. Nagelhout: Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 133 (1996), 79.
- (1996) Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. , vol.133 , pp. 79
- Heinrich, J.C.¹ Poirier, D.R.² Nagelhout, D.F.³

182
- 0032592609
- B. Goyeau, T. Benihaddadene, D. Gobin and M. Quintard: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 30B (1999), 613.
- (1999) Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.30 B , pp. 613
- Goyeau, B.¹ Benihaddadene, T.² Gobin, D.³ Quintard, M.⁴

183
- 11244286202
- R. G. Santos and M. L. N. M. Melo: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 391 (2005), 151.
- (2005) Mater. Sci. Eng. A , vol.391 , pp. 151
- Santos, R.G.¹ Melo, M.L.N.M.²

184
- 0026938642
- H. Yoo and R. Viskanta: Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 35 (1992), 2335.
- (1992) Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. , vol.35 , pp. 2335
- Yoo, H.¹ Viskanta, R.²

185
- 0029249034
- C. Y. Wang, S. Ahuja, C. Beckermann and H. C. de Groh, III: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 26B (1995), 111.
- (1995) Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.26 B , pp. 111
- Wang, C.Y.¹ Ahuja, S.² Beckermann, C.³ De Groh III, H.C.⁴

186
- 0001301757
- A. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, Y. Nagaoka and Y. Iwata: Nippon Kingaku Gakkai Shuho, 32 (1968), 1301.
- (1968) Nippon Kingaku Gakkai Shuho , vol.32 , pp. 1301
- Suzuki, A.¹ Suzuki, T.² Nagaoka, Y.³ Iwata, Y.⁴

187
- 0016964102
- H. Jacobi and K. Schwerdtfeger: Metall. Trans. A, 7A (1976), 811.
- (1976) Metall. Trans. A , vol.7 A , pp. 811
- Jacobi, H.¹ Schwerdtfeger, K.²

188
- 0015315769
- G. R. Kotler, K. W. Casey and G. S. Cole: Metall. Trans., 3 (1972), 723.
- (1972) Metall. Trans. , vol.3 , pp. 723
- Kotler, G.R.¹ Casey, K.W.² Cole, G.S.³

189
- 0016433718
- K. P. Young and D. H. Kirkwood: Metall. Trans. A, 6A (1975), 197.
- (1975) Metall. Trans. A , vol.6 A , pp. 197
- Young, K.P.¹ Kirkwood, D.H.²

190
- 3643116455
- R. Alberny, J. Serra and M. Turpin: Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME, 245 (1969), 55.
- (1969) Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME , vol.245 , pp. 55
- Alberny, R.¹ Serra, J.² Turpin, M.³

191
- 0016093367
- G. F. Bolling and D. Fainstein-Pedraza: Acta Metall., 22 (1974), 1033.
- (1974) Acta Metall. , vol.22 , pp. 1033
- Bolling, G.F.¹ Fainstein-Pedraza, D.²

192
- 0000748527
- T. F. Bower, H. D. Brody and M. C. Flemings: Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME, 236 (1966), 624.
- (1966) Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME , vol.236 , pp. 624
- Bower, T.F.¹ Brody, H.D.² Flemings, M.C.³

193
- 0030219596
- M. El-Bealy and B. G. Thomas: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 27B (1996), 689.
- (1996) Metall. Mater. Trans. B , vol.27 B , pp. 689
- El-Bealy, M.¹ Thomas, B.G.²

194
- 0035392315
- Y. M. Won and B. G. Thomas: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 32A (2001), 1755.
- (2001) Metall. Mater. Trans. A , vol.32 A , pp. 1755
- Won, Y.M.¹ Thomas, B.G.²

195
- 0017914838
- T. Okamoto, S. Matsuo and K. Kishitake: Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 18 (1978), 289.
- (1978) Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. , vol.18 , pp. 289
- Okamoto, T.¹ Matsuo, S.² Kishitake, K.³

196
- 0035904890
- C. Cicutti and R. Boeri: Scr. Mater., 45 (2001), 1455.
- (2001) Scr. Mater. , vol.45 , pp. 1455
- Cicutti, C.¹ Boeri, R.²

197
- 0000733962
- T. Z. Kattamis, J. C. Coughlin and M. C. Flemings: Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME, 239 (1967), 1504.
- (1967) Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME , vol.239 , pp. 1504
- Kattamis, T.Z.¹ Coughlin, J.C.² Flemings, M.C.³

198
- 0000337836
- T. Z. Kattamis, V. T. Holmberg and M. C. Flemings: J. Inst. Met., 95 (1967), 343.
- (1967) J. Inst. Met. , vol.95 , pp. 343
- Kattamis, T.Z.¹ Holmberg, V.T.² Flemings, M.C.³

199
- 0002598743
- R. M. Sharp and A. Hellawell: J. Cryst. Growth, 11 (1971), 77.
- (1971) J. Cryst. Growth , vol.11 , pp. 77
- Sharp, R.M.¹ Hellawell, A.²

200
- 0033344113
- M. Rappaz and W. J. Boettinger: Acta Mater., 47 (1999), 3205.
- (1999) Acta Mater. , vol.47 , pp. 3205
- Rappaz, M.¹ Boettinger, W.J.²

201
- 0022103644
- D. H. Kirkwood: Mater. Sci. Eng., 73 (1985), L1.
- (1985) Mater. Sci. Eng. , vol.73
- Kirkwood, D.H.¹

202
- 0342277122
- J. A. E. Bell and W. C. Winegard: J. Inst. Met., 92 (1964), 357.
- (1964) J. Inst. Met. , vol.92 , pp. 357
- Bell, J.A.E.¹ Winegard, W.C.²

203
- 50549177070
- J. A. Horwath and L. F. Mondolfo: Acta Metall., 10 (1962), 1037.
- (1962) Acta Metall. , vol.10 , pp. 1037
- Horwath, J.A.¹ Mondolfo, L.F.²

204
- 0004194148
- Jernkontoret: Jernkontoret, Stockholm
- Jernkontoret: A Guide to the Solidificaiton of Steels, Jernkontoret, Stockholm, (1977).
- (1977) A Guide to the Solidificaiton of Steels

205
- 0345866616
- E. Niyama, T. Uchida and M. Morikawa: Int. Cast Met. J., 54 (1982), 507.
- (1982) Int. Cast Met. J. , vol.54 , pp. 507
- Niyama, E.¹ Uchida, T.² Morikawa, M.³

206
- 84881328454
- Steel Founders' Society of America, USA
- K. Carlson and C. Beckermann: Proc. 62nd SFSA Technical and Operating Conf., No. 5. 6, Steel Founders' Society of America, USA, (2008).
- (2008) Proc. 62nd SFSA Technical and Operating Conf. , vol.5 , Issue.6
- Carlson, K.¹ Beckermann, C.²

207
- 0030125828
- T. M. Pollock and W. H. Murphy: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 27A (1996), 1081.
- (1996) Metall. Mater. Trans. A , vol.27 A , pp. 1081
- Pollock, T.M.¹ Murphy, W.H.²

208
- 0005377091
- K. Suzuki and T. Miyamoto: Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 20 (1980), 377.
- (1980) Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. , vol.20 , pp. 377
- Suzuki, K.¹ Miyamoto, T.²

209
- 0024303103
- H. Yamada, T. Sakurai and T. Takenouchi: J. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 75 (1989), 97.
- (1989) J. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. , vol.75 , pp. 97
- Yamada, H.¹ Sakurai, T.² Takenouchi, T.³

210
- 0034294407
- C. Beckermann, J. P. Gu and W. J. Boettinger: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 31A (2000), 2545.
- (2000) Metall. Mater. Trans. A , vol.31 A , pp. 2545
- Beckermann, C.¹ Gu, J.P.² Boettinger, W.J.³

211
- 0042196055
- J. C. Ramirez and C. Beckermann: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 34A (2003), 1525.
- (2003) Metall. Mater. Trans. A , vol.34 A , pp. 1525
- Ramirez, J.C.¹ Beckermann, C.²

212
- 0001741495
- M. G. Worster: J. Fluid Mech., 237 (1992), 649.
- (1992) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.237 , pp. 649
- Worster, M.G.¹

213
- 84862804194
- J. Li, M. Wu, J. Hao, A. Kharicha and A. Ludwig: Comput. Mater. Sci., 55 (2012), 419.
- (2012) Comput. Mater. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 419
- Li, J.¹ Wu, M.² Hao, J.³ Kharicha, A.⁴ Ludwig, A.⁵

214
- 77954586431
- B. G. Sang, X. H. Kang, D. R. Liu and D. Z. Li: Int. J. Cast Metals Res., 23 (2010), 205.
- (2010) Int. J. Cast Metals Res. , vol.23 , pp. 205
- Sang, B.G.¹ Kang, X.H.² Liu, D.R.³ Li, D.Z.⁴

215
- 0004246972
- ASM International, OH
- G. F. Vander Voort: Metallography: Principles and Practice, ASM International, OH, (1984).
- (1984) Metallography: Principles and Practice
- Vander Voort, G.F.¹

216
- 0004258899
- Metallography and Microstructures, ASM International, OH
- G. F. Vander Voort, Ed.: ASM Handbook, Vol. 9, Metallography and Microstructures, ASM International, OH, (2004).
- (2004) ASM Handbook , vol.9
- Vander Voort, G.F.¹

217
- 0021578667
- I. Taguchi K. Miyamura and H. Soga: Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 24 (1984), 883.
- (1984) Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. , vol.24 , pp. 883
- Taguchi, I.¹ Miyamura, K.² Soga, H.³

218
- 84881326177
- The Iron and Steel Institute, London
- A. Kohn: Proc. Conf. 'The Solidification of Metals', The Iron and Steel Institute, London, (1967), 357.
- (1967) Proc. Conf. 'The Solidification of Metals' , pp. 357
- Kohn, A.¹

219
- 84881360252
- The Iron and Steel Institute, London
- K. W. Andrews and C. R. Gomer: Proc. Conf. 'The Solidification of Metals', The Iron and Steel Institute, London, (1967), 363.
- (1967) Proc. Conf. 'The Solidification of Metals' , pp. 363
- Andrews, K.W.¹ Gomer, C.R.²

220
- 3342982676
- The Metals Society, London
- F. Weinberg, J. Lait and R. Pugh: Proc. Conf. 'Solidification and Casting of Metals', The Metals Society, London, (1977), 334.
- (1977) Proc. Conf. 'Solidification and Casting of Metals' , pp. 334
- Weinberg, F.¹ Lait, J.² Pugh, R.³

221
- 84859735700
- A. K. Singh, B. Basu and A. Ghosh: Trans. Indian Inst. Metall., 65 (2012), 85.
- (2012) Trans. Indian Inst. Metall. , vol.65 , pp. 85
- Singh, A.K.¹ Basu, B.² Ghosh, A.³

222
- 34248168995
- Geological Society Special Publication No. 267, The Geological Society, London
- I. Croudace, W. Rindby and A. Rothwell: New Techniques in Sediment Core Analysis. Geological Society Special Publication No. 267, The Geological Society, London, (2006).
- (2006) New Techniques in Sediment Core Analysis
- Croudace, I.¹ Rindby, W.² Rothwell, A.³

* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.