메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 79-149

The language planning situation in Malawi

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84881095989     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (9)

References (181)
  • 1
    • 79955655487 scopus 로고
    • Zomba: Government Printer. A brief history of the Chichewa Board (1970-1971) Ref. No. ADM/1/40 P.I. Zomba
    • Abdallah, Y.B. (1919) The Yaos (Chikala cha wa Yao). Zomba: Government Printer. A brief history of the Chichewa Board (1970-1971) Ref. No. ADM/1/40 P.I. Zomba.
    • (1919) The Yaos (Chikala cha wa Yao).
    • Abdallah, Y.B.1
  • 2
    • 85050549304 scopus 로고
    • Ms
    • Malawi A brief history of the Academy and Kamuzu Academy Programme (1986) Ms.
    • (1986)
  • 3
    • 79955651382 scopus 로고
    • Language use and language development: Review of sociolinguistic theory
    • W.A. Foley (ed.), New York: Mouton de Gruyter
    • Abdulaziz-Mkilifi, M.H. (1993) Language use and language development: Review of sociolinguistic theory. In W.A. Foley (ed.) The Role of Theory in Language Description (pp. 421-434). New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
    • (1993) The Role of Theory in Language Description , pp. 421-434
    • Abdulaziz-Mkilifi, M.H.1
  • 4
    • 85050543993 scopus 로고
    • James Alexander to T. Lacey (Director of Education)
    • Alexander, J. (1932) James Alexander to T. Lacey (Director of Education).
    • (1932)
    • Alexander, J.1
  • 5
    • 0008755868 scopus 로고
    • The Mutapa and Malawi political systems
    • T.O. Ranger (ed.), London: Longmans
    • Alpers, E.A. (1968) The Mutapa and Malawi political systems. In T.O. Ranger (ed.) Aspects of Central African History (pp. 1-28). London: Longmans.
    • (1968) Aspects of Central African History , pp. 1-28
    • Alpers, E.A.1
  • 6
    • 1042271277 scopus 로고
    • The Yao in Malawi: The importance of local research
    • B. Pachai (ed.), London: Longman
    • Alpers, E.A. (1972) The Yao in Malawi: The importance of local research. In B. Pachai (ed.) The Early History of Malawi (pp. 168-179). London: Longman.
    • (1972) The Early History of Malawi , pp. 168-179
    • Alpers, E.A.1
  • 7
    • 33750302225 scopus 로고
    • The Federal Republic of Germany’s policy of spreading German
    • Ammon, U. (1992) The Federal Republic of Germany’s policy of spreading German. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 95, 33-5.
    • (1992) International Journal of the Sociology of Language , vol.95 , pp. 33-35
    • Ammon, U.1
  • 9
    • 79955676004 scopus 로고
    • Education and language planning in the Samoas
    • R.B. Baldauf, Jr and A. Luke (eds), Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
    • Baldauf, R.B. Jr (1990) Education and language planning in the Samoas. In R.B. Baldauf, Jr and A. Luke (eds) Language Planning and Education in Australasia and the South Pacific (pp. 259-276). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
    • (1990) Language Planning and Education in Australasia and the South Pacific , pp. 259-276
    • Baldauf, R.B.1
  • 10
    • 79955384741 scopus 로고
    • ‘Unplanned’ language planning
    • W. Grabe et al. (eds), New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Baldauf, R.B., Jr (1994) ‘Unplanned’ language planning. In W. Grabe et al. (eds) Annual Review of Applied Linguistics (Vol. 14 p. 82-9). New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1994) Annual Review of Applied Linguistics , vol.14 , pp. 82-89
    • Baldauf, R.B.1
  • 11
    • 79955667893 scopus 로고
    • The Bantu language of South Africa: Towards a sociohistorical perspective
    • R. Mesthrie (ed.), Cape Town: David Philip
    • Bailey, R. (1995) The Bantu language of South Africa: Towards a sociohistorical perspective. In R. Mesthrie (ed.) Language and Social History: Studies in South African Sociolinguistics (pp. 19-38). Cape Town: David Philip.
    • (1995) Language and Social History: Studies in South African Sociolinguistics , pp. 19-38
    • Bailey, R.1
  • 13
    • 0039188263 scopus 로고
    • Mother-tongue medium and scholastic attainment in Nigeria
    • Bamgbose, A. (1984) Mother-tongue medium and scholastic attainment in Nigeria. Prospects 14(1), 87-93.
    • (1984) Prospects , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-93
    • Bamgbose, A.1
  • 16
    • 85050538285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lilongwe: Ministry of Education and Culture
    • Basic Education Statistics (1996) Lilongwe: Ministry of Education and Culture.
    • (1996)
  • 18
    • 85050521175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bottomley to Kittermaster. 19 October 1935. In File No. S1/449/32
    • Bottomley to Kittermaster. 19 October 1935. In File No. S1/449/32.
  • 21
    • 85050517801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chichewa as a communication tool
    • 29 July
    • Bwanali, A.K. (1998) Chichewa as a communication tool. The Nation, 29 July.
    • (1998) The Nation
    • Bwanali, A.K.1
  • 22
  • 23
    • 85050518209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why mistime Tumbuka. Letters to the Editor
    • 20 November
    • Chakachaka, L. (1996) Why mistime Tumbuka. Letters to the Editor, The Star, 20 November.
    • (1996) The Star
    • Chakachaka, L.1
  • 24
    • 85050559394 scopus 로고
    • Dialect and language
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Chambers, J. and Trudgill, P. (eds) (1980) Dialect and language. Dialectology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1980) Dialectology.
    • Chambers, J.1    Trudgill, P.2
  • 25
    • 85050521533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposal for the establishment of a Centre for Language Studies. Ref No. CC/2/1/3/1
    • Chancellor College. Proposal for the establishment of a Centre for Language Studies. Ref No. CC/2/1/3/1, p. 1.
  • 26
    • 79955655672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction of vernacular languages in primary education: The Malawian experience
    • Tanzania, September 1996
    • Chauma, A., Chimombo, M. and Mtenje, A. (1997) Introduction of vernacular languages in primary education: The Malawian experience. In Proceedings of the LICCA Workshop in Dar es Salaam (pp. 37-46). Tanzania, September 1996.
    • (1997) Proceedings of the LICCA Workshop in Dar es Salaam , pp. 37-46
    • Chauma, A.1    Chimombo, M.2    Mtenje, A.3
  • 27
    • 85050523567 scopus 로고
    • Pc No. 3/64. Lilongwe, Malawi
    • Chichewa Board (1973) New Orthography Rules. Pc No. 3/64. Lilongwe, Malawi.
    • (1973) New Orthography Rules.
  • 29
  • 30
    • 85050569518 scopus 로고
    • P.R.O. C.O. 525/153
    • Chief Kyungu to District Commissioner, 9 November (1932) In P.R.O. C.O. 525/153.
    • (1932)
  • 31
    • 85050526859 scopus 로고
    • The linguistic situation of Malawi and the status of Chichewa. Ms
    • Chilipaine, F.A. (1985) The linguistic situation of Malawi and the status of Chichewa. Ms.
    • (1985)
    • Chilipaine, F.A.1
  • 32
    • 84937308081 scopus 로고
    • The language of politics in Malawi
    • AAP
    • Chimombo, M. (1994) The language of politics in Malawi. Afrikanistiche Arbeitspapiere (AAP) 38, 197-208.
    • (1994) Afrikanistiche Arbeitspapiere , vol.38 , pp. 197-208
    • Chimombo, M.1
  • 33
    • 79955674146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Government journalism: From totalitarian to democracy
    • K.M. Phiri and K.R. Ross (eds), Blantyre: CLAIM
    • Chimombo, M. (1998) Government journalism: From totalitarian to democracy. In K.M. Phiri and K.R. Ross (eds) Democratisation in Malawi: A Stocktaking (pp. 217-236). Blantyre: CLAIM.
    • (1998) Democratisation in Malawi: A Stocktaking , pp. 217-236
    • Chimombo, M.1
  • 35
    • 85050559809 scopus 로고
    • Circular No. 30 of 1932. Secretariat, Zomba, Malawi
    • Chinyanja Orthography Rules (1931) Circular No. 30 of 1932. Secretariat, Zomba, Malawi.
    • (1931)
  • 37
    • 0002603537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Democracy, ethnicity and regionalism: The Malawian experience, 1992-1996
    • K.M. Phiri and K.R. Ross (eds), Blantyre: CLAIM
    • Chirwa, W.C. (1998) Democracy, ethnicity and regionalism: The Malawian experience, 1992-1996. In K.M. Phiri and K.R. Ross (eds) Democratization in Malawi: A Stocktaking (pp. 52-69). Blantyre: CLAIM.
    • (1998) Democratization in Malawi: A Stocktaking , pp. 52-69
    • Chirwa, W.C.1
  • 38
    • 79955651381 scopus 로고
    • Transport and communication in Malawi to 1891, with summary to 1918
    • B. Pachai (ed.), London: Longman
    • Cole-King, P.A. (1972) Transport and communication in Malawi to 1891, with summary to 1918. In B. Pachai (ed.) The Early History of Malawi (pp. 70-90). London: Longman.
    • (1972) The Early History of Malawi , pp. 70-90
    • Cole-King, P.A.1
  • 39
    • 0013213780 scopus 로고
    • A framework for the study of language spread
    • R.L. Cooper (ed.), Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press
    • Cooper, R.L. (1982) A framework for the study of language spread. In R.L. Cooper (ed.) Language Spread: Studies in Diffusion and Social Change (pp. 5-36). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
    • (1982) Language Spread: Studies in Diffusion and Social Change , pp. 5-36
    • Cooper, R.L.1
  • 42
    • 84969467780 scopus 로고
    • The spread of Dyula and popular French in Côte d’Ivoire: Implications for language policy
    • Djité, P.G. (1988) The spread of Dyula and popular French in Côte d’Ivoire: Implications for language policy. Language Problems & Language Planning 12, 213-25.
    • (1988) Language Problems & Language Planning , vol.12 , pp. 213-225
    • Djité, P.G.1
  • 43
    • 26444550320 scopus 로고
    • The French revolution and the French language: A paradox?
    • Djité, P.G. (1990) The French revolution and the French language: A paradox? Language Problems & Language Planning 16, 163-77.
    • (1990) Language Problems & Language Planning , vol.16 , pp. 163-177
    • Djité, P.G.1
  • 44
    • 84969469659 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the Turkish language reform after 60 years
    • Dogançay-Aktuna, S. (1995) An evaluation of the Turkish language reform after 60 years. Language Problems & Language Planning 19, 221-249.
    • (1995) Language Problems & Language Planning , vol.19 , pp. 221-249
    • Dogançay-Aktuna, S.1
  • 45
    • 79955664654 scopus 로고
    • Bantu language pioneers of the nineteenth century
    • C.M. Doke and D.T. Cole (eds), Johannesburg: Witwatersland University Press
    • Doke, C.M. (1961a) Bantu language pioneers of the nineteenth century. In C.M. Doke and D.T. Cole (eds) Contributions to the History of Bantu Language (pp. 27-53). Johannesburg: Witwatersland University Press.
    • (1961) Contributions to the History of Bantu Language , pp. 27-53
    • Doke, C.M.1
  • 46
    • 79955652951 scopus 로고
    • Scripture translation into Bantu languages
    • C.M. Doke and D.T. Cole (eds), Johannesburg: Witwatersland University Press
    • Doke, C.M. (1961b) Scripture translation into Bantu languages. In C.M. Doke and D.T. Cole (eds) Contributions to the History of Bantu languages (pp. 108-125). Johannesburg: Witwatersland University Press.
    • (1961) Contributions to the History of Bantu languages , pp. 108-125
    • Doke, C.M.1
  • 48
    • 79955657002 scopus 로고
    • Ms 7896. 22 October 1892
    • Elmslie to Laws (1892) National Library of Scotland. Ms 7896. 22 October 1892.
    • (1892) National Library of Scotland
  • 55
    • 79955672420 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating bilingual education in the Philippines: Towards a multidimensional model of evaluation in language planning
    • R.B. Baldauf, Jr and A. Luke (eds), Clevedon: Multilingual Matters FSC
    • Gonzalez, A., FSC (1990) Evaluating bilingual education in the Philippines: Towards a multidimensional model of evaluation in language planning. In R.B. Baldauf, Jr and A. Luke (eds) Language Planning and Education is Australasia and the South Pacific (pp. 319-334). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
    • (1990) Language Planning and Education is Australasia and the South Pacific , pp. 319-334
    • Gonzalez, A.1
  • 56
    • 79955673261 scopus 로고
    • Urbanism, migration and language
    • J.H. Greenberg (ed.), Stanford: Stanford University Press
    • Greenberg, J.H. (1972) Urbanism, migration and language. In J.H. Greenberg (ed.) Language, Culture and Communication (pp. 198-211). Stanford: Stanford University Press.
    • (1972) Language, Culture and Communication , pp. 198-211
    • Greenberg, J.H.1
  • 58
    • 85050529365 scopus 로고
    • 15th July, Zomba, Malawi, 858-9
    • Hansard (1963) 15th July, Zomba, Malawi, 858-9.
    • (1963)
  • 62
    • 79955669471 scopus 로고
    • Vertical and horizontal communication in Africa
    • Heine, B. (1977) Vertical and horizontal communication in Africa. Afrika Spectrum 77, 231-238.
    • (1977) Afrika Spectrum , vol.77 , pp. 231-238
    • Heine, B.1
  • 66
    • 84937310749 scopus 로고
    • Language values and practices of students in the Faroe Islands: A survey report
    • Holm, E. (1993) Language values and practices of students in the Faroe Islands: A survey report. AILA Review 10, 23-36.
    • (1993) AILA Review , vol.10 , pp. 23-36
    • Holm, E.1
  • 67
    • 0002748384 scopus 로고
    • Models of the interaction of language and social life
    • J. Gumperz and D. Hymes (eds), New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston
    • Hymes, D. (1972) Models of the interaction of language and social life. In J. Gumperz and D. Hymes (eds) Directions in Sociolinguistics (pp. 35-71). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
    • (1972) Directions in Sociolinguistics , pp. 35-71
    • Hymes, D.1
  • 72
    • 79955673099 scopus 로고
    • Chichewa: A tool of national unity? Language ecology in Africa
    • Kamwendo, G. (1994) Chichewa: A tool of national unity? Language ecology in Africa. Logos 14, 90-95.
    • (1994) Logos , vol.14 , pp. 90-95
    • Kamwendo, G.1
  • 74
    • 79955659694 scopus 로고
    • Sources and patterns of word adoption in Bemba
    • I. Fodor and C. Hagège (eds), Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag
    • Kashoki, M.E. (1990) Sources and patterns of word adoption in Bemba. In I. Fodor and C. Hagège (eds) Language Reform: History and Future V (pp. 31-59). Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
    • (1990) Language Reform: History and Future V , pp. 31-59
    • Kashoki, M.E.1
  • 75
    • 84958361668 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of language use in Malawi: A sociolinguistic investigation in Domasi and Malindi areas of Southern Malawi
    • Kayambazinthu, E. (1989/90) Patterns of language use in Malawi: A sociolinguistic investigation in Domasi and Malindi areas of Southern Malawi. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 8/9 (1/2), 109-131.
    • (1989) Journal of Contemporary African Studies , vol.8-9 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 109-131
    • Kayambazinthu, E.1
  • 76
    • 79955652775 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of language use in Malawi
    • Bundoora: La Trobe University School of Linguistics
    • Kayambazinthu, E. (1994) Patterns of language use in Malawi. La Trobe Working Papers in Linguistics 7. Bundoora: La Trobe University School of Linguistics.
    • (1994) La Trobe Working Papers in Linguistics 7.
    • Kayambazinthu, E.1
  • 78
    • 2342439415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I just mix: Codeswitching and codemixing among bilingual Malawians
    • Kayambazinthu, E. (1998) I just mix: Codeswitching and codemixing among bilingual Malawians. Journal of Humanities 12, 19-43.
    • (1998) Journal of Humanities , vol.12 , pp. 19-43
    • Kayambazinthu, E.1
  • 79
    • 85050563440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning in the vernacular, my turn
    • 22 May
    • Kazembe, B. (1996) Learning in the vernacular, my turn, The Nation, 22 May.
    • (1996) The Nation
    • Kazembe, B.1
  • 80
    • 0038990258 scopus 로고
    • A historical survey of spontaneous and planned development of Chichewa
    • I. Fodor and C. Hagège (eds), Hamburg: Helmut Buske
    • Kishindo, P. (1990) A historical survey of spontaneous and planned development of Chichewa. In I. Fodor and C. Hagège (eds) Language Reform: History and Future V (pp. 59-82). Hamburg: Helmut Buske.
    • (1990) Language Reform: History and Future V , pp. 59-82
    • Kishindo, P.1
  • 81
    • 9944248268 scopus 로고
    • The impact of a national language on minority languages: The case of Malawi
    • Kishindo, P.J. (1994) The impact of a national language on minority languages: The case of Malawi. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 12(2), 127-50.
    • (1994) Journal of Contemporary African Studies , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-150
    • Kishindo, P.J.1
  • 82
    • 79955662318 scopus 로고
    • Endangered languages: An example of Chingoni
    • Kishindo, P.J. (1995) Endangered languages: An example of Chingoni. Africana Marburgensia XXVIII (1 & 2), 46-58.
    • (1995) Africana Marburgensia , vol.28 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 46-58
    • Kishindo, P.J.1
  • 84
    • 11044232663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Politics of language in contemporary Malawi
    • K.M. Phiri and K.R. Ross (eds), Blantyre: CLAIM
    • Kishindo, P.J. (1998) Politics of language in contemporary Malawi. In K.M. Phiri and K.R. Ross (eds) Democratisation in Malawi: A Stocktaking (pp. 252-280). Blantyre: CLAIM.
    • (1998) Democratisation in Malawi: A Stocktaking , pp. 252-280
    • Kishindo, P.J.1
  • 87
    • 79955668298 scopus 로고
    • Rethinking the language issue
    • Kulemeka, A. (1995) Rethinking the language issue. Moni 354, 19-22.
    • (1995) Moni , vol.354 , pp. 19-22
    • Kulemeka, A.1
  • 91
    • 85061115432 scopus 로고
    • Bilingualism in Montreal: A demographic analysis
    • J.A. Fishman (ed.), The Hague: Mouton
    • Lieberson, S. (1972) Bilingualism in Montreal: A demographic analysis. In J.A. Fishman (ed.) Advances in the Sociology of Language (Vol. 2) (pp. 231-254). The Hague: Mouton.
    • (1972) Advances in the Sociology of Language , vol.2 , pp. 231-254
    • Lieberson, S.1
  • 93
  • 94
    • 85050528234 scopus 로고
    • Zomba: Government Printer
    • Malawi Government Constitution (1995) Zomba: Government Printer.
    • (1995)
  • 96
    • 0003549825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zomba: National Statistical Office
    • Malawi National Statistical Office (1996) Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Data. Zomba: National Statistical Office.
    • (1996) Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Data.
  • 97
    • 79955675134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lilongwe, Malawi
    • Malawi Vision 2020 Report (1997) National Economic Council. Lilongwe, Malawi.
    • (1997) National Economic Council
  • 98
    • 85050530348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welcome Yao, Lomwe, but. Letters to the Editor
    • 7-13 December
    • Manda, M. (1996) Welcome Yao, Lomwe, but. Letters to the Editor, Malawi News, 7-13 December.
    • (1996) Malawi News
    • Manda, M.1
  • 99
    • 85050528106 scopus 로고
    • Chichewa for Lingua franca. Letter to the Editor
    • 7 March
    • Mandimbe, J.J. (1994) Chichewa for Lingua franca. Letter to the Editor. The Nation, 7 March.
    • (1994) The Nation
    • Mandimbe, J.J.1
  • 100
    • 0008870963 scopus 로고
    • History and tradition in east central Africa through the eyes of the Northern Rhodesian Chewa
    • Marwick, M.G. (1963) History and tradition in east central Africa through the eyes of the Northern Rhodesian Chewa. Journal of African History 4, 375-90.
    • (1963) Journal of African History , vol.4 , pp. 375-390
    • Marwick, M.G.1
  • 101
    • 33745847229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language shift and maintenance: Social determinance of linguistic change among the Lomwe people
    • Matiki, A.J.I. (1996/7) Language shift and maintenance: Social determinance of linguistic change among the Lomwe people. Journal of Humanities 10/11, 1-25.
    • (1996) Journal of Humanities , vol.10-11 , pp. 1-25
    • Matiki, A.J.I.1
  • 104
    • 85050514353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A note on Chichewa. Ms
    • Mchombo, S.A. (n.d.) A note on Chichewa. Ms.
    • McHombo, S.A.1
  • 105
    • 79955644026 scopus 로고
    • Notes on the origins of the Arab War
    • B. Pachai (ed.), London: Longman
    • McMillan, H.W. (1972) Notes on the origins of the Arab War. In B. Pachai (ed.) The Early History of Malawi (pp. 263-283). London: Longman.
    • (1972) The Early History of Malawi , pp. 263-283
    • McMillan, H.W.1
  • 108
    • 85050552186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mombera Annual District Report 1918-19. In File No. S1/1008/19
    • Mombera Annual District Report 1918-19. In File No. S1/1008/19.
  • 111
    • 79955660892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral traditions among the Northern Malawi Ngoni
    • Mtenje, A. and Soko, B. (1998) Oral traditions among the Northern Malawi Ngoni. Journal of Humanities 12, 1-18.
    • (1998) Journal of Humanities , vol.12 , pp. 1-18
    • Mtenje, A.1    Soko, B.2
  • 112
    • 1542629582 scopus 로고
    • Recent Developments in the language situation and prospects for the future
    • H.B. Hansen and M. Twaddle (eds), London: James Currey
    • Mukama, R.G. (1991) Recent Developments in the language situation and prospects for the future. In H.B. Hansen and M. Twaddle (eds) Changing Uganda (pp. 334-351). London: James Currey.
    • (1991) Changing Uganda , pp. 334-351
    • Mukama, R.G.1
  • 118
    • 84969469292 scopus 로고
    • Language planning goals: Aclassification
    • Nahir, M. (1984) Language planning goals:Aclassification. Language Problems&Language Planning 8, 294-327.
    • (1984) Language Problems&Language Planning , vol.8 , pp. 294-327
    • Nahir, M.1
  • 119
    • 85050515677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ms
    • National Cultural Policy Plan of Action (1996) Ms.
    • (1996)
  • 120
    • 84870978437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 23 November 1981
    • New Era in Education. Daily Times, 23 November 1981.
    • Daily Times
  • 121
    • 85050544839 scopus 로고
    • Paper presented at UNESCO Conference on Harmonisation and Transcription of Technical Terminologies, 16-20 December, Andrews Motel, Zambia
    • Ng’ombe, J.L. (1985) Chichewa in media and publishing in Malawi. Paper presented at UNESCO Conference on Harmonisation and Transcription of Technical Terminologies, 16-20 December, Andrews Motel, Zambia.
    • (1985) Chichewa in media and publishing in Malawi
    • Ng’ombe, J.L.1
  • 122
    • 85050540024 scopus 로고
    • S1/449/32
    • NNM1/16/4. Mombera District Council, 1931/39. Meeting of 16th September (1933). In S1/449/32.
    • (1933)
  • 123
    • 85050571255 scopus 로고
    • Minutes of the Barazas. In S1/449/32
    • NN1/2005, Native Administration, Mzimba, 1932-1934, Minutes of the Barazas. In S1/449/32.
    • (1932)
  • 124
    • 85050550347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tongues in Chitipa
    • 25-26 July
    • Ntonya, G. (1998) Tongues in Chitipa. The Weekend Nation, 25-26 July.
    • (1998) The Weekend Nation
    • Ntonya, G.1
  • 125
    • 79955659357 scopus 로고
    • The people of Bororo: A lexicostatistical enquiry
    • B. Pachai (ed.), London: Longman
    • Nurse, G.T. (1972) The people of Bororo: A lexicostatistical enquiry. In B. Pachai (ed.) The Early History of Malawi (pp. 123-136). London: Longman.
    • (1972) The Early History of Malawi , pp. 123-136
    • Nurse, G.T.1
  • 126
    • 85050543158 scopus 로고
    • P.R.O. C.O. 525/161 File no. 25352, 22 June
    • Round Table Conference (1936) In P.R.O. C.O. 525/161 File no. 25352, 22 June.
    • (1936)
  • 127
    • 79955660136 scopus 로고
    • Christianity and commerce in Malawi: Some pre-colonial and colonial aspects
    • G.W. Smith, B. Pachai and R.K. Tangri (eds), Blantyre: CLAIM
    • Pachai, B. (1971) Christianity and commerce in Malawi: Some pre-colonial and colonial aspects. In G.W. Smith, B. Pachai and R.K. Tangri (eds) Malawi Past and Present (pp. 37-69). Blantyre: CLAIM.
    • (1971) Malawi Past and Present , pp. 37-69
    • Pachai, B.1
  • 130
    • 79955646976 scopus 로고
    • Johnson and Jameson: Acomparative study in the imposition of colonial rule
    • B. Pachai (ed.), London: Longman
    • Palmer, R. (1972) Johnson and Jameson:Acomparative study in the imposition of colonial rule. In B. Pachai (ed.) The Early History of Malawi (pp. 293-322). London: Longman.
    • (1972) The Early History of Malawi , pp. 293-322
    • Palmer, R.1
  • 133
    • 85050548418 scopus 로고
    • Change Chichewa to Chimalawi
    • 26 April-3 May
    • Phiri, D.D. (1993) Change Chichewa to Chimalawi. The Independent, 26 April-3 May.
    • (1993) The Independent
    • Phiri, D.D.1
  • 134
    • 85050553326 scopus 로고
    • The Chewa of Zomba District and their interaction with the ‘Mangochi’ Yao from 1850 to 1900. Ms
    • Phiri, K.M.G. (1978) The Chewa of Zomba District and their interaction with the ‘Mangochi’ Yao from 1850 to 1900. Ms.
    • (1978)
    • Phiri, K.M.G.1
  • 135
    • 79955644025 scopus 로고
    • Dr Banda’s Cultural legacy and its implications for a democratic Malawi
    • K.M. Phiri and K.R. Ross (eds), Blantyre: CLAIM
    • Phiri, K.M. (1988) Dr Banda’s Cultural legacy and its implications for a democratic Malawi. In K.M. Phiri and K.R. Ross (eds) Democratisation in Malawi: A Stocktaking (pp. 147-167). Blantyre: CLAIM.
    • (1988) Democratisation in Malawi: A Stocktaking , pp. 147-167
    • Phiri, K.M.1
  • 137
    • 79955658182 scopus 로고
    • The story of school education in Malawi
    • G.W. Smith, B. Pachai and R. Tangri (eds), Blantyre: CLAIM
    • Pretorius, J.L. (1971) The story of school education in Malawi. In G.W. Smith, B. Pachai and R. Tangri (eds) Malawi Past and Present (pp. 69-80). Blantyre: CLAIM.
    • (1971) Malawi Past and Present , pp. 69-80
    • Pretorius, J.L.1
  • 138
    • 79955645962 scopus 로고
    • Nyanja linguistic problems
    • Price, T. (1940) Nyanja linguistic problems. Africa 13, 125-137.
    • (1940) Africa , vol.13 , pp. 125-137
    • Price, T.1
  • 139
    • 84989366456 scopus 로고
    • British language policies and imperialism in India
    • Rahman, T. (1995) British language policies and imperialism in India. Language Problems& Language Planning 20, 91-115.
    • (1995) Language Problems& Language Planning , vol.20 , pp. 91-115
    • Rahman, T.1
  • 141
    • 84870808918 scopus 로고
    • Tradition and prestige among the Ngoni
    • Read, M. (1936) Tradition and prestige among the Ngoni. Africa 11(4), 453-84.
    • (1936) Africa , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 453-484
    • Read, M.1
  • 143
  • 145
    • 0039838078 scopus 로고
    • Bilingual education and language planning. Reprinted in C. Kennedy (ed.)
    • London: George Allen and Unwin
    • Rubin, J. (1984) Bilingual education and language planning. Reprinted in C. Kennedy (ed.) Language Planning and Language Education (pp. 4-16). London: George Allen and Unwin.
    • (1984) Language Planning and Language Education , pp. 4-16
    • Rubin, J.1
  • 146
    • 79955672618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vernacular non-starter, Letters to the Editor
    • 22 May
    • Saukani, A. (1996) Vernacular non-starter, Letters to the Editor. The Nation, 22 May.
    • (1996) The Nation
    • Saukani, A.1
  • 148
    • 0345248692 scopus 로고
    • The meaning and use of the name Malawi in oral traditions and precolonial documents
    • B. Pachai (ed.), London: Longman
    • Schoffeleers, J.M. (1972) The meaning and use of the name Malawi in oral traditions and precolonial documents. In B. Pachai (ed.) The Early History of Malawi (pp. 91-103). London: Longman.
    • (1972) The Early History of Malawi , pp. 91-103
    • Schoffeleers, J.M.1
  • 149
  • 152
    • 0004146826 scopus 로고
    • London/Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul
    • Short, P. (1974) Banda. London/Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
    • (1974) Banda.
    • Short, P.1
  • 153
    • 79955669521 scopus 로고
    • Community languages, core values and cultural maintenance: The Australian experience with special reference to Greek, Latvian and Polish groups
    • M.G. Clyne (ed.), Canberra: Australian National University. (Pacific Linguistics C-92)
    • Smolicz, J.J. and Secombe, M.J. (1985) Community languages, core values and cultural maintenance: The Australian experience with special reference to Greek, Latvian and Polish groups. In M.G. Clyne (ed.) Australia, Meeting Place of Languages. Canberra: Australian National University. (Pacific Linguistics C-92).
    • (1985) Australia, Meeting Place of Languages.
    • Smolicz, J.J.1    Secombe, M.J.2
  • 155
    • 84958641911 scopus 로고
    • A political and social history of a migration. Madison: African Studies Program, University of Wisconsin. (Occasional Paper No. 4)
    • Spear, T.T. (1972) Zwangendaba’s Ngoni 1821-1890. A political and social history of a migration. Madison: African Studies Program, University of Wisconsin. (Occasional Paper No. 4).
    • (1972) Zwangendaba’s Ngoni 1821-1890
    • Spear, T.T.1
  • 156
    • 33745829862 scopus 로고
    • Home languages and national languages understood
    • S. Agnew and M. Stubbs (eds), London: London University Press
    • Stubbs, M. (1972) Home languages and national languages understood. In S. Agnew and M. Stubbs (eds) Malawi in Maps (pp. 72-73). London: London University Press.
    • (1972) Malawi in Maps , pp. 72-73
    • Stubbs, M.1
  • 157
    • 85050540836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching Standards 1-4 in Vernacular or Mother Tongue. Press Release
    • 25 June
    • Teaching Standards 1-4 in Vernacular or Mother Tongue. Press Release. The Nation, 25 June 1996.
    • (1996) The Nation
  • 159
    • 85050564015 scopus 로고
    • Fancy this call
    • 26 April-3 May
    • Timau (1993) Fancy this call. The Independent, 26 April-3 May.
    • (1993) The Independent
    • Timau1
  • 160
  • 161
    • 85050560014 scopus 로고
    • P.R.O. C.O. 525/158
    • Turner to Vischer, 29 April (1935) In P.R.O. C.O. 525/158.
    • (1935)
  • 163
    • 85050565353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Policy and Investment Framework for Education in Malawi, 1995-2005. Ms
    • UDF Government Education Policy Document (1996) A Policy and Investment Framework for Education in Malawi, 1995-2005. Ms.
    • (1996)
  • 165
    • 17344364859 scopus 로고
    • Suggestions towards a reinterpreted Tumbuka history
    • B. Pachai (ed.), London: Longman
    • Vail, L. (1972) Suggestions towards a reinterpreted Tumbuka history. In B. Pachai (ed.) The Early History of Malawi (pp. 148-167). London: Longman.
    • (1972) The Early History of Malawi , pp. 148-167
    • Vail, L.1
  • 166
    • 9744260617 scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity, language and national unity: The case of Malawi
    • Vail, L. (1981) Ethnicity, language and national unity: The case of Malawi. Working papers in Southern African Studies 2, 121-163.
    • (1981) Working papers in Southern African Studies , vol.2 , pp. 121-163
    • Vail, L.1
  • 167
    • 0002264884 scopus 로고
    • Tribalism in the political history of Malawi
    • L. Vail (ed.), London: James Currey
    • Vail, L. and White, L. (1989) Tribalism in the political history of Malawi. In L. Vail (ed.) The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa (pp. 151-192). London: James Currey.
    • (1989) The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa , pp. 151-192
    • Vail, L.1    White, L.2
  • 168
    • 85050524897 scopus 로고
    • Acting Chief Secretary to Provincial Commissioner, Northern Province, 8 July
    • Vernacular language policy (1947) File no. 14,143. Acting Chief Secretary to Provincial Commissioner, Northern Province, 8 July.
    • (1947) File no. 14,143
  • 169
    • 84937301928 scopus 로고
    • Language spread policy: The case of Quechua in the Andean Republics of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru
    • Von Gleich, U. (1994) Language spread policy: The case of Quechua in the Andean Republics of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 107, 77-113.
    • (1994) International Journal of the Sociology of Language , vol.107 , pp. 77-113
    • Von Gleich, U.1
  • 175
    • 79955663324 scopus 로고
    • Sociolinguistic surveys at the national level
    • C. Kennedy (ed.), London: George Allen and Unwin
    • Whiteley, W.H. (1984) Sociolinguistic surveys at the national level. In C. Kennedy (ed.) Language Planning and Language Education. (pp. 68-79) London: George Allen and Unwin.
    • (1984) Language Planning and Language Education. , pp. 68-79
    • Whiteley, W.H.1
  • 177
    • 79955659993 scopus 로고
    • Reflections in the early history of North Malawi
    • B. Pachai (ed.), London: Longman
    • Wilson, M. (1972) Reflections in the early history of North Malawi. In B. Pachai (ed.) The Early History of Malawi (pp. 136-147). London: Longman.
    • (1972) The Early History of Malawi , pp. 136-147
    • Wilson, M.1
  • 178
    • 85050532079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington: World Bank
    • World Development Report (1997) Washington: World Bank.
    • (1997)
  • 179
    • 79955667366 scopus 로고
    • Review of Thomson, T.D. (1947) Apractical approach to Chinyanja with English-Nyanja vocabulary
    • Young, C. (1949) Review of Thomson, T.D. (1947) Apractical approach to Chinyanja with English-Nyanja vocabulary. Africa 20, 200-218.
    • (1949) Africa , vol.20 , pp. 200-218
    • Young, C.1
  • 180
    • 85050547565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • to Cunliffe-Lister, a letter from Government House, 9 February 1934. In P.R.O. C.O. 523/153
    • Young, H. to Cunliffe-Lister, a letter from Government House, 9 February 1934. In P.R.O. C.O. 523/153.
    • Young, H.1
  • 181
    • 85050572184 scopus 로고
    • Chinyanja as a lingua franca, memorandum of W.P. Young, July 1933. In P.R.O. C.O. 523/153
    • Young, W.P. (1933) Chinyanja as a lingua franca, memorandum of W.P. Young, July 1933. In P.R.O. C.O. 523/153.
    • (1933)
    • Young, W.P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.