메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 359-365

Childhood victimization, negative mood regulation, and adult PTSD severity

Author keywords

childhood trauma; emotion regulation; police; PTSD

Indexed keywords


EID: 84880911619     PISSN: 19429681     EISSN: 1942969X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0027746     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (26)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 0002379528 scopus 로고
    • The effects of maltreatment on development during early childhood: Recent studies and their theoretical, clinical, and policy implications
    • In D. Cicchetti & V. Carlson (Eds). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/ CBO9780511665707.019
    • Aber, J. L., Allen, J. P., Carlson, V., & Cicchetti, D. (1989). The effects of maltreatment on development during early childhood: Recent studies and their theoretical, clinical, and policy implications. In D. Cicchetti & V. Carlson (Eds.), Child maltreatment: Theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect (pp. 579-619). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/ CBO9780511665707.019
    • (1989) Child Maltreatment: Theory And Research On The Causes And Consequences Of Child Abuse And Neglect , pp. 579-619
    • Aber, J.L.1    Allen, J.P.2    Carlson, V.3    Cicchetti, D.4
  • 2
    • 84870469320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association Revised 4th ed.). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349
    • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Revised 4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349
    • (2000) Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders
  • 3
    • 0023020183 scopus 로고
    • The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations
    • 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
    • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.51 , pp. 1173-1182
    • Baron, R.M.1    Kenny, D.A.2
  • 4
    • 0035560509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiential avoidance and high-risk sexual behavior in survivors of child sexual abuse
    • 10.1300/J070v10n02-06
    • Batten, S. V., Follette, V. M., & Aban, I. B. (2001). Experiential avoidance and high-risk sexual behavior in survivors of child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 10, 101-120. doi:10.1300/J070v10n02-06
    • (2001) Journal of Child Sexual Abuse , vol.10 , pp. 101-120
    • Batten, S.V.1    Follette, V.M.2    Aban, I.B.3
  • 6
    • 0031218921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual victimization, generalized perception of control, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity
    • 10.1016/S0887-6185 (97)00028-00035
    • Bolstad, B., & Zinbarg, R. (1997). Sexual victimization, generalized perception of control, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11, 523-540. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185 (97)00028-5
    • (1997) Journal of Anxiety Disorders , vol.11 , pp. 523-540
    • Bolstad, B.1    Zinbarg, R.2
  • 7
    • 0032977287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Previous exposure to trauma and PTSD effects of subsequent trauma: Results from the Detroit area survey of trauma
    • Breslau, N., Chilcoat, H. D., Kessler, R. C., & Davis, G. C. (1999). Previous exposure to trauma and PTSD effects of subsequent trauma: Results from the Detroit area survey of trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 902-907
    • (1999) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 902-907
    • Breslau, N.1    Chilcoat, H.D.2    Kessler, R.C.3    Davis, G.C.4
  • 8
    • 0033743929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-Analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults
    • 10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.748
    • Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-Analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 748-766. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.748
    • (2000) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 748-766
    • Brewin, C.R.1    Andrews, B.2    Valentine, J.D.3
  • 9
    • 34250645380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-Awareness, affect regulation, and relatedness: Differential sequels of childhood versus adult victimization experiences
    • 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31803044e2
    • Briere, J., & Rickards, S. (2007). Self-Awareness, affect regulation, and relatedness: Differential sequels of childhood versus adult victimization experiences. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 497-503. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e31803044e2
    • (2007) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , vol.195 , pp. 497-503
    • Briere, J.1    Rickards, S.2
  • 10
    • 0022579960 scopus 로고
    • Impact of child sexual abuse: A review of the research
    • 10.1037/ 0033-2909.99.1.66
    • Browne, A., & Finkelhor, D. (1986). Impact of child sexual abuse: A review of the research. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 66-77. doi:10.1037/ 0033-2909.99.1.66
    • (1986) Psychological Bulletin , vol.99 , pp. 66-77
    • Browne, A.1    Finkelhor, D.2
  • 11
    • 38349159105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caregiver influences on emerging emotion regulation: Biological and environmental transactions in early development
    • In J. J. Gross (Ed). New York, NY: Guilford
    • Calkins, S. D., & Hill, A. (2007). Caregiver influences on emerging emotion regulation: Biological and environmental transactions in early development. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 229-248). New York, NY: Guilford
    • (2007) Handbook of Emotion Regulation , pp. 229-248
    • Calkins, S.D.1    Hill, A.2
  • 12
    • 0025082865 scopus 로고
    • Measuring generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation: Initial scale development and implications
    • 10.1207/ s15327752jpa5403&4-11
    • Catanzaro, S. J., & Mearns, J. (1990). Measuring generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation: Initial scale development and implications. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 546-563. doi:10.1207/ s15327752jpa5403&4-11
    • (1990) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.54 , pp. 546-563
    • Catanzaro, S.J.1    Mearns, J.2
  • 13
    • 0036784464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: A phasebased treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse
    • 10.1037/0022-006X .70.5.1067
    • Cloitre, M., Koenen, K. C., Cohen, L. R., & Han, H. (2002). Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: A phasebased treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 1067-1074. doi:10.1037/0022-006X .70.5.1067
    • (2002) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 1067-1074
    • Cloitre, M.1    Koenen, K.C.2    Cohen, L.R.3    Han, H.4
  • 14
    • 33646439824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond PTSD: Emotion regulation and interpersonal problems as predictors of functional impairment in survivors of childhood abuse
    • 10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80060-7
    • Cloitre, M., Miranda, R., Stovall-McClough, K. C., & Han, H. (2005). Beyond PTSD: Emotion regulation and interpersonal problems as predictors of functional impairment in survivors of childhood abuse. Behavior Therapy, 36, 119-124. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(05)80060-7
    • (2005) Behavior Therapy , vol.36 , pp. 119-124
    • Cloitre, M.1    Miranda, R.2    Stovall-McClough, K.C.3    Han, H.4
  • 16
    • 0026922164 scopus 로고
    • Uncontrollability and unpredictability in post-Traumatic stress disorder: An animal model
    • 10.1037/0033-2909.112 . 2.218
    • Foa, E. B., Zinbarg, R., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1992). Uncontrollability and unpredictability in post-Traumatic stress disorder: An animal model. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 218-238. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112 .2.218
    • (1992) Psychological Bulletin , vol.112 , pp. 218-238
    • Foa, E.B.1    Zinbarg, R.2    Rothbaum, B.O.3
  • 18
    • 21344436563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family worries: Assessment of interpersonal anxiety in children from violent and nonviolent families
    • 10.1207/ s15374424jccp2503-4
    • Graham-Bermann, S. A. (1996). Family worries: Assessment of interpersonal anxiety in children from violent and nonviolent families. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25, 280-287. doi:10.1207/ s15374424jccp2503-4
    • (1996) Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 280-287
    • Graham-Bermann, S.A.1
  • 20
    • 84989487629 scopus 로고
    • Emotion regulation and mental health
    • 10.1111/ j.1468-2850 1995tb00036x
    • Gross, J. J., & Muñoz, R. F. (1995). Emotion regulation and mental health. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 2, 151-164. doi:10.1111/ j.1468-2850.1995.tb00036.x
    • (1995) Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice , vol.2 , pp. 151-164
    • Gross, J.J.1    Muñoz, R.F.2
  • 21
    • 0001376349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review
    • 10.1037/ 1089-2680.2.3.271
    • Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271-299. doi:10.1037/ 1089-2680.2.3.271
    • (1998) Review of General Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 271-299
    • Gross, J.J.1
  • 22
    • 0035540663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion regulation in adulthood: Timing is everything
    • 10.1111/ 1467-872100152
    • Gross, J. J. (2001). Emotion regulation in adulthood: Timing is everything. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 214-219. doi:10.1111/ 1467-8721.00152
    • (2001) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.10 , pp. 214-219
    • Gross, J.J.1
  • 23
    • 0001939968 scopus 로고
    • The developmental consequences of child abuse: The Lehigh Longitudinal Study
    • In R. H. Starr, Jr., & D. A. Wolfe (Eds). New York, NY: Guilford Press
    • Herrenkohl, R., Herrenkohl, E., Egolf, B., & Wu, P. (1991). The developmental consequences of child abuse: The Lehigh Longitudinal Study. In R. H. Starr, Jr., & D. A. Wolfe (Eds.), The effects of child abuse and neglect: Issues and research (pp. 57-81). New York, NY: Guilford Press
    • (1991) Effects Of Child Abuse And Neglect: Issues And Research , pp. 57-81
    • Herrenkohl, R.1    Herrenkohl, E.2    Egolf, B.3    Wu, P.4
  • 24
    • 23944475381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of peritraumatic dissociation, child physical abuse, and child sexual abuse in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder and adult victimization
    • 10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.11.008
    • Hetzel, M. D., & McCanne, T. R. (2005). The roles of peritraumatic dissociation, child physical abuse, and child sexual abuse in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder and adult victimization. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29, 915-930. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.11.008
    • (2005) Child Abuse & Neglect , vol.29 , pp. 915-930
    • Hetzel, M.D.1    McCanne, T.R.2
  • 25
    • 0023807146 scopus 로고
    • Mississippi scale for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Three studies in reliability and validity
    • 10.1037/0022-006X.56.1.85
    • Keane, T., Caddell, J., & Taylor, K. (1988). Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Three studies in reliability and validity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 85-90. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.56.1.85
    • (1988) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 85-90
    • Keane, T.1    Caddell, J.2    Taylor, K.3
  • 26
    • 66949117140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion disturbances as transdiagnostic processes in psychopathology
    • In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-M. HavJones, & L. F. Barrett (Eds). New York: Guilford Press
    • Kring, A. M. (2008). Emotion disturbances as transdiagnostic processes in psychopathology. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotion (3rd ed., pp. 691-705). New York: Guilford Press
    • (2008) Handbook of Emotion , pp. 691-705
    • Kring, A.M.1
  • 27
    • 84919525848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion regulation and psychopathology
    • In P. Philippot & R. S. Feldman (Eds). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers
    • Kring, A. M., & Werner, K. H. (2004). Emotion regulation and psychopathology. In P. Philippot & R. S. Feldman (Eds.), The regulation of emotion (pp. 359-385). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers
    • (2004) Regulation Of Emotion , pp. 359-385
    • Kring, A.M.1    Werner, K.H.2
  • 28
    • 18144396598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peritraumatic dissociation and experiential avoidance as predictors of posttraumatic stress symptomatology
    • 10.1016/ j.brat. 2004 04004
    • Marx, B. P., & Sloan, D. M. (2005). Peritraumatic dissociation and experiential avoidance as predictors of posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 569-583. doi:10.1016/ j.brat.2004.04.004
    • (2005) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.43 , pp. 569-583
    • Marx, B.P.1    Sloan, D.M.2
  • 29
  • 30
    • 0036725781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of child maltreatment and interadult violence on children's emotion regulation abilities and socioemotional adjustment
    • 10.1111/ 1467-862400488
    • Maughan, A., & Cicchetti, D. (2002). Impact of child maltreatment and interadult violence on children's emotion regulation abilities and socioemotional adjustment. Child Development, 73, 1525-1542. doi:10.1111/ 1467-8624.00488
    • (2002) Child Development , vol.73 , pp. 1525-1542
    • Maughan, A.1    Cicchetti, D.2
  • 31
    • 33746922683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between childhood sexual abuse complex post-Traumatic stress disorder and alexithymia in two outpatient samples examination of women treated in community and institutional clinics
    • 10.1300/J070v15n03-01
    • McLean, L. M., Toner, B., Jackson, J., Desrocher, M., & Stuckless, N. (2006). The relationship between childhood sexual abuse, complex post-Traumatic stress disorder and alexithymia in two outpatient samples examination of women treated in community and institutional clinics. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 15, 1-17. doi:10.1300/J070v15n03-01
    • (2006) Journal of Child Sexual Abuse , vol.15 , pp. 1-17
    • McLean, L.M.1    Toner, B.2    Jackson, J.3    Desrocher, M.4    Stuckless, N.5
  • 32
    • 0025396049 scopus 로고
    • Effects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect
    • 10.1037/0022-3514.58.3.519
    • Morrow, J., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1990). Effects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 519-527. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.3.519
    • (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.58 , pp. 519-527
    • Morrow, J.1    Nolen-Hoeksema, S.2
  • 33
    • 10644281453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between childhood trauma and catecholamine responses to psychological stress in police academy recruits
    • 10.1016/j.biopsych .2004 10009
    • Otte, C., Neylan, T. C., Pole, N., Metzler, T., Best, S., Henn-Haase, C., Marmar, C. R. (2005). Association between childhood trauma and catecholamine responses to psychological stress in police academy recruits. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 27-32. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych .2004.10.009
    • (2005) Biological Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 27-32
    • Otte, C.1    Neylan, T.C.2    Pole, N.3    Metzler, T.4    Best, S.5    Henn-Haase, C.6    Marmar, C.R.7
  • 35
    • 34249011067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between childhood trauma and emotion-modulated psychophysiological responses to startling sounds: A study of police cadets
    • 10.1037/0021-843X.116.2.352
    • Pole, N., Otte, C., Neylan, T. C., Metzler, T. J., Best, S. R., Henn-Haase, C., & Marmar, C. R. (2007). Associations between childhood trauma and emotion-modulated psychophysiological responses to startling sounds: A study of police cadets. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 352-361. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.116.2.352
    • (2007) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.116 , pp. 352-361
    • Pole, N.1    Otte, C.2    Neylan, T.C.3    Metzler, T.J.4    Best, S.R.5    Henn-Haase, C.6    Marmar, C.R.7
  • 36
    • 67349195866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of PTSD symptoms in police officers: From childhood to retirement
    • In D. Delahanty (Ed). New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
    • Pole, N. (2008). Predictors of PTSD symptoms in police officers: From childhood to retirement. In D. Delahanty (Ed.), The psychobiology of trauma and resilience across the lifespan (pp. 47-67). New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
    • (2008) Psychobiology Of Trauma And Resilience Across The Lifespan , pp. 47-67
    • Pole, N.1
  • 37
    • 0032794454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locus of control and adjustment in female adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse
    • 10.1300/J070v08n01-02
    • Porter, C., & Long, P. (1999). Locus of control and adjustment in female adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 8, 3-25. doi:10.1300/J070v08n01-02
    • (1999) Journal of Child Sexual Abuse , vol.8 , pp. 3-25
    • Porter, C.1    Long, P.2
  • 38
    • 0012846155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sadness and amusement reactivity differentially predict concurrent and prospective functioning in major depressive disorder
    • 10.1037/1528-3542.2.2.135
    • Rottenberg, J., Kasch, K. L., Gross, J. J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2002). Sadness and amusement reactivity differentially predict concurrent and prospective functioning in major depressive disorder. Emotion, 2, 135-146. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.2.2.135
    • (2002) Emotion , vol.2 , pp. 135-146
    • Rottenberg, J.1    Kasch, K.L.2    Gross, J.J.3    Gotlib, I.H.4
  • 39
    • 0035347013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narrative representations of caregivers and emotion dysregulation as predictors of maltreated children's rejection by peers
    • 10.1037/0012-1649.37.3.321
    • Shields, A., Ryan, R. M., & Cicchetti, D. (2001). Narrative representations of caregivers and emotion dysregulation as predictors of maltreated children's rejection by peers. Developmental Psychology, 37, 321-337. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.37.3.321
    • (2001) Developmental Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 321-337
    • Shields, A.1    Ryan, R.M.2    Cicchetti, D.3
  • 40
    • 0034547639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion management skills in sexually maltreated and nonmaltreated girls: A developmental psychopathology perspective
    • 10.1017/S0954579400001036
    • Shipman, K., Zeman, J., Penza, S., & Champion, K. (2000). Emotion management skills in sexually maltreated and nonmaltreated girls: A developmental psychopathology perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 47-62. doi:10.1017/S0954579400001036
    • (2000) Development and Psychopathology , vol.12 , pp. 47-62
    • Shipman, K.1    Zeman, J.2    Penza, S.3    Champion, K.4
  • 41
    • 34247611565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal emotion socialization in maltreating and non-maltreating families: Implications for children's emotion regulation
    • 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007 .00384.x
    • Shipman, K. L., Schneider, R., Fitzgerald, M. M., Sims, C., Swisher, L., & Edwards, A. (2007). Maternal emotion socialization in maltreating and non-maltreating families: Implications for children's emotion regulation. Social Development, 16, 268-285. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007 .00384.x
    • (2007) Social Development , vol.16 , pp. 268-285
    • Shipman, K.L.1    Schneider, R.2    Fitzgerald, M.M.3    Sims, C.4    Swisher, L.5    Edwards, A.6
  • 42
    • 33645763292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion regulation strategies in offspring of childhood-onset depressed mothers
    • 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01440.x
    • Silk, J. S., Shaw, D. S., Skuban, E. M., Oland, A. A., & Kovacs, M. (2006). Emotion regulation strategies in offspring of childhood-onset depressed mothers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 69-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01440.x
    • (2006) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 69-78
    • Silk, J.S.1    Shaw, D.S.2    Skuban, E.M.3    Oland, A.A.4    Kovacs, M.5
  • 43
    • 0002037905 scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models
    • In S. Leinhardt (Ed). Washington, DC: American Sociological Association
    • Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhardt (Ed.), Sociological method-ology 1982 (pp. 290-312). Washington, DC: American Sociological Association
    • (1982) Sociological Method-Ology , vol.1982 , pp. 290-312
    • Sobel, M.E.1
  • 44
    • 0037251141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of depression on the emotional responses of spanish-speaking latinas
    • 10.1037/1099-9809.9.1.49
    • Tsai, J. L., Pole, N., Levenson, R. W., & Muñoz, R. F. (2003). The effects of depression on the emotional responses of Spanish-speaking Latinas. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9, 49-63. doi: 10.1037/1099-9809.9.1.49
    • (2003) Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , vol.9 , pp. 49-63
    • Tsai, J.L.1    Pole, N.2    Levenson, R.W.3    Muñoz, R.F.4
  • 45
    • 34447505850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of negative affect intensity and the fear of emotions in posttraumatic stress symptom severity among victims of childhood interpersonal violence
    • 10.1097/NMD.0b013e318093ed5f
    • Tull, M. T., Jakupcak, M., McFadden, M. E., & Roemer, L. (2007). The role of negative affect intensity and the fear of emotions in posttraumatic stress symptom severity among victims of childhood interpersonal violence. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 580-587. doi: 10.1097/NMD. 0b013e318093ed5f
    • (2007) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , vol.195 , pp. 580-587
    • Tull, M.T.1    Jakupcak, M.2    McFadden, M.E.3    Roemer, L.4
  • 46
    • 0002651554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complexity of adaptation to trauma: Self-regulation, stimulus discrimination, and characterological development
    • In B. A. Van Der Kolk A. C. McFarlane & L. Weisaeth). New York, NY: Guilford Press
    • van der Kolk, B. A. (1996). The complexity of adaptation to trauma: Self-regulation, stimulus discrimination, and characterological development. In B. A. van der Kolk, A. C. McFarlane, & L. Weisaeth (Eds.), Traumatic stress: The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society (pp. 182-213). New York, NY: Guilford Press
    • (1996) Traumatic Stress: The Effects Of Overwhelming Experience On Mind, Body, And Society , pp. 182-213
    • Van Der Kolk, B.A.1
  • 47
    • 78650235837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and severity approaches to indexing exposure to trauma: The critical incident history questionnaire for police officers
    • 10.1002/ jts.20576
    • Weiss, D. S., Brunet, A., Best, S. R., Metzler, T. J., Liberman, A., Pole, N., Marmar, C. R. (2010). Frequency and severity approaches to indexing exposure to trauma: The Critical Incident History Questionnaire for police officers. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23, 734-743. doi:10.1002/ jts.20576
    • (2010) Journal of Traumatic Stress , vol.23 , pp. 734-743
    • Weiss, D.S.1    Brunet, A.2    Best, S.R.3    Metzler, T.J.4    Liberman, A.5    Pole, N.6    Marmar, C.R.7
  • 48
    • 84879196493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting who will develop posttraumatic stress disorder
    • 10.1007/0-387-25610-5-5
    • Weiss, D. S., & Ozer, E. J. (2006). Predicting who will develop posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Knowledge in Court, sect. 2, 85-96. doi:10.1007/0-387-25610-5-5
    • (2006) Psychological Knowledge in Court, sect , vol.2 , pp. 85-96
    • Weiss, D.S.1    Ozer, E.J.2
  • 49
    • 0035141312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affect management in group therapy for women with posttraumatic stress disorder and histories of childhood sexual abuse
    • 10.1002/1097-4679(200102)57:2-169::AID-JCLP4 0.CO;2-0
    • Wolfsdorf, B. A., & Zlotnick, C. (2001). Affect management in group therapy for women with posttraumatic stress disorder and histories of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57, 169-181. doi:10.1002/1097- 4679(200102)57:2-169::AID-JCLP4 0.CO;2-0
    • (2001) Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 169-181
    • Wolfsdorf, B.A.1    Zlotnick, C.2
  • 50
    • 0035596725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, childhood trauma and alexithymia in an outpatient sample
    • 10.1023/A:1007899918410
    • Zlotnick, C., Mattia, J. I., & Zimmerman, M. (2001). The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, childhood trauma and alexithymia in an outpatient sample. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14, 177-188. doi:10.1023/A:1007899918410
    • (2001) Journal of Traumatic Stress , vol.14 , pp. 177-188
    • Zlotnick, C.1    Mattia, J.I.2    Zimmerman, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.