Enterococcus spp on fomites and hands indicate increased risk of respiratory illness in child care centers

American Journal of Infection Control

Volumn 41, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 728-733

  Julian, Timothy R ^a,b   Pickering, Amy J ^a,c   Leckie, James O ^a   Boehm, Alexandria B ^a  

^a Stanford University   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Child care centers; E coli; Environmental hygiene; Fecal indicator bacteria; Fomites; Hand hygiene; Hands; Surface contamination

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM CONTAMINATION; CHILD; CHILD CARE; COLONY FORMING UNIT; DAY CARE; ENTEROCOCCUS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FECAL COLIFORM; FEMALE; FOMITE; HAND WASHING; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFECTION RISK; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; NONHUMAN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBLE POPULATION;

CHILD CARE CENTERS; E COLI; ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE; FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; FOMITES; HAND HYGIENE; HANDS; SURFACE CONTAMINATION;

ADULT; CHILD DAY CARE CENTERS; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ENTEROCOCCUS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FECES; FEMALE; FOMITES; HAND; HAND HYGIENE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; RISK FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84880891250     PISSN: 01966553     EISSN: 15273296     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.10.013     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. L. Laughlin 2010 Who's Minding the Kids? Child Care Arrangements: Spring 2005 and Summer 2006. Current Population Reports 2005 U.S. Census Bureau Washington, DC 70-120
2. N. Lu, M.E. Samuels, L. Shi, S.L. Baker, S.H. Glover, and J.M. Sanders Child day care risks of common infectious diseases revisited Child Care Health Dev 30 2004 361 368
3. M.P. Fairchok, E.T. Martin, S. Chambers, J. Kuypers, M. Behrens, and L.E. Braun Epidemiology of viral respiratory tract infections in a prospective cohort of infants and toddlers attending daycare J Clin Virol 49 2010 16 20
4. W.H. Lyman, J.F. Walsh, J.B. Kotch, J.W. David, G. Elizabeth, and J. Vinje Prospective study of etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in child care centers J Pediatr 154 2009 253 257
5. V. Garrett, K. Bornschlegel, D. Lange, V. Reddy, L. Kornstein, and J. Kornblum A recurring outbreak of Shigella sonnei among traditionally observant Jewish children in New York City: the risks of daycare and household transmission Epidemiol Infect 134 2006 1231 1236
6. L.R. Krilov, S.R. Barone, F.S. Mandel, T.M. Cusack, D.J. Gaber, and J.R. Rubino Impact of an infection control program in a specialized preschool Am J Infect Control 24 1996 167 173
7. T.J. Sandora, M.C. Shih, and D.A. Goldmann Reducing absenteeism from gastrointestinal and respiratory illness in elementary school students: a randomized, controlled trial of an infection-control intervention Pediatrics 121 2008 e1555
8. C.B. Hall, R.G. Douglas, and J.M. Geiman Possible transmission by fomites of respiratory syncytial virus J Infect Dis 141 1980 98 102
9. V.J. Cabelli, A.P. Dufour, L. McCabe, and M. Levin Swimming-associated gastroenteritis and water quality Am J Epidemiol 115 1982 606 616
10. D.J. Laborde, K.A. Weigle, D.J. Weber, and J.B. Kotch Effect of fecal contamination on diarrheal illness rates in day-care centers Am J Epidemiol 138 1993 243
11. A.J. Pickering, T.R. Julian, S. Mamuya, A.B. Boehm, and J. Davis Bacterial hand contamination among Tanzanian mothers varies temporally and following household activities Trop Med Int Health 16 2011 233 239
12. A.J. Pickering, A.B. Boehm, M. Mwanjali, and J. Davis Efficacy of waterless hand hygiene compared with handwashing with soap: a field study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Am J Trop Med Hyg 82 2010 270 278
13. P. Payment, L. Richardson, J. Siemiatycki, R. Dewar, M. Edwardes, and E. Franco A randomized trial to evaluate the risk of gastrointestinal disease due to consumption of drinking water meeting current microbiological standards Am J Public Health 81 1991 703
14. A.J. Pickering, J. Davis, S.P. Walters, H.M. Horak, D.P. Keymer, and D. Mushi Hands, water, and health: fecal contamination in Tanzanian communities with improved, non-networked water supplies Environ Sci Technol 44 2010 3267 3272
15. A. Kyriacou, S. Drakopoulou, I. Georgaki, M. Fountoulakis, E. Mitsou, and K.E. Lasaridi Screening for faecal contamination in primary schools in Crete, Greece Child Care Health Dev 35 2009 159 163
16. E.C. Kaltenthaler, A.M. Elsworth, M.S. Schweiger, D.D. Mara, and D.A. Brauxholtz Faecal contamination on children's hands and environmental surfaces in primary schools in Leeds Epidemiol Infect 115 1995 527 534
17. G. Moore, and C. Griffith Problems associated with traditional hygiene swabbing: the need for in-house standardization J Appl Microbiol 103 2007 1090 1103
18. USEPA EPA method 1603: Escherichia coli (E coli) in water by membrane filtration using modified membrane-thermotolerant Escherichia coli agar (modified mTEC). EPA 821-R-02-023 2002 US Environmental Protection Agency Washington [DC]
19. USEPA EPA method 1604: total coliforms and Escherichia coli in water by membrane filtration using simultaneous detection technique (MI medium). EPA 821-R-02-024 2002 US Environmental Protection Agency Washington [DC]
20. R. Bordner, J. Winter, and P. Scarpino Microbiological methods for monitoring the environment: water and wastes. EPA 600-8-78-017 1978 US Environmental Protection Agency Washington [DC]
21. A.F. Zuur, E.N. Ieno, N.J. Walker, A.A. Saveliev, and G.M. Smith Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R 2009 Springer Science and Business Media, LLC New York [NY]
22. S.S. Long, L.K. Pickering, and C.G. Prober Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases First ed. 1997 Churchill Livingstone Philadelphia [PA]
23. I.L. Dahl, M. Grufman, C. Hellberg, and M. Krabbe Absenteeism because of illness at daycare centers and in three family systems Acta Paediatr 80 1991 436 445
24. B. Holaday, R. Pantell, C. Lewis, and C.L. Gilliss Patterns of fecal-coliform contamination in day-care-centers Public Health Nurs 7 1990 224 228
25. B.E. Murray The life and times of the Enterococcus Clin Microbiol Rev 3 1990 46
26. K.B. Crossley, and J. Ross Colonization of hospitalized patients by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and enterococci J. Hosp. Infect 6 1985 179 186
27. J.V. Pinfold Faecal contamination of water and fingertip-rinses as a method for evaluating the effect of a low-cost water supply and sanitation activities on faecal-oral disease transmission. II. A hygiene intervention study in rural north-east Thailand Epidemiol Infect 105 1990 377 389
28. A.P. Zwane, J. Zinman, E. Van Dusen, W. Pariente, C. Null, and E. Miguel Being surveyed can change later behavior and related parameter estimates Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 2011 1821 1826