The trochlear nerve: Microanatomic and endoscopic study

Neurosurgical Review

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 227-238

  Iaconetta, Giorgio ^a   De Notaris, Matteo ^b   Benet, Arnau ^b   Rincon, Jordina ^b   Cavallo, Luigi Maria ^a   Prats Galino, Alberto ^b   Samii, Madjid ^c   Cappabianca, Paolo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^c INTERNATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE INSTITUTE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Ambiens cistern; Endoscopic endonasal; Orbit; Quadrigeminal cistern; Transsphenoidal; Trochlear nerve

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CADAVER; CAVERNOUS SINUS; CEREBELLUM; CEREBELLUM TENTORIUM; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DISSECTION; HUMAN; INTERLOBAR SULCUS; MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY; NERVE TRACT; NEUROANATOMY; NEUROENDOSCOPY; ORBITAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUADRIGEMINAL CISTERN; SUBARACHNOID SPACE; SURGICAL ANATOMY; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; TROCHLEAR NERVE;

EID: 84880749599     PISSN: 03445607     EISSN: 14372320     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10143-012-0426-x     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Abuzayed B, Tanriover N, Gazioglu N, Eraslan BS, Akar Z (2009) Endoscopic endonasal approach to the orbital apex and medial orbital wall: anatomic study and clinical applications. J Craniofac Surg 20(5):1594-1600. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181b0dc23
2. Ammirati M, Musumeci A, Bernardo A, Bricolo A (2002) The microsurgical anatomy of the cisternal segment of the trochlear nerve, as seen through different neurosurgical operative windows. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 144(12):1323-1327. doi: 10.1007/s00701-002-1017-3
3. Bisaria KK (1988) Cavernous portion of the trochlear nerve with special reference to its site of entrance. J Anat 159:29-35
4. Bisaria KK, Premsagar IC, Lakhtakia PK, Saxena RC, Bisaria SD (1990) The superficial origin of the trochlear nerve with special reference to its vascular relations. J Anat 170:199-201
5. d'Avella E, Tschabitscher M, Santoro A, Delfini R (2008) Blood supply to the intracavernous cranial nerves: comparison of the endoscopic and microsurgical perspectives. Neurosurgery 62(5 Suppl 2):ONS305-ONS310. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000326011.53821.ea, discussion ONS310-301
6. de Notaris M, Cavallo LM, Prats-Galino A, Esposito I, Benet A, Poblete J, Valente V, Gonzalez JB, Ferrer E, Cappabianca P (2009) Endoscopic endonasal transclival approach and retrosigmoid approach to the clival and petroclival regions. Neurosurgery 65(6 Suppl):42-50. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000347001.62158. 57, discussion 50-42
7. de Notaris M, Prats-Galino A, Cavallo LM, Esposito F, Iaconetta G, Gonzalez JB, Montagnani S, Ferrer E, Cappabianca P (2010) Preliminary experience with a new three-dimensional computer-based model for the study and the analysis of skull base approaches. Childs Nerv Syst 26(5):621-626. doi: 10.1007/s00381-010-1107-0
8. Duz B, Secer HI, Gonul E (2009) Endoscopic approaches to the orbit: a cadaveric study. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 52(3):107-113. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1220931
9. Hassler W, Schick U (2009) The supraorbital approach-a minimally invasive approach to the superior orbit. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 151(6):605-611. doi: 10.1007/s00701-009-0301-x, discussion 611-602
10. Iaconetta G, de Notaris M, Cavallo LM, Benet A, Ensenat J, Samii M, Ferrer E, Prats-Galino A, Cappabianca P (2010) The oculomotor nerve: microanatomical and endoscopic study. Neurosurgery 66(3):593-601. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000365422.36441.C8, discussion 601
11. Iaconetta G, Fusco M, Cavallo LM, Cappabianca P, Samii M, Tschabitscher M (2007) The abducens nerve: microanatomic and endoscopic study. Neurosurgery 61(3 Suppl):7-14, discussion 14
12. Iaconetta G, Fusco M, Samii M (2003) The sphenopetroclival venous gulf: a microanatomical study. J Neurosurg 99(2):366-375. doi: 10.3171/jns.2003.99.2. 0366
13. Iaconetta G, Tessitore E, Samii M (2001) Duplicated abducent nerve and its course: microanatomical study and surgery-related considerations. J Neurosurg 95(5):853-858
14. Kassam A, Snyderman CH, Mintz A, Gardner P, Carrau RL (2005) Expanded endonasal approach: the rostrocaudal axis. Part I. Crista galli to the sella turcica. Neurosurg Focus 19(1):E3
15. Kassam AB, Gardner P, Snyderman C, Mintz A, Carrau R (2005) Expanded endonasal approach: fully endoscopic, completely transnasal approach to the middle third of the clivus, petrous bone, middle cranial fossa, and infratemporal fossa. Neurosurg Focus 19(1):E6
16. Kassam AB, Prevedello DM, Carrau RL, Snyderman CH, Gardner P, Osawa S, Seker A, Rhoton AL Jr (2009) The front door to meckel's cave: an anteromedial corridor via expanded endoscopic endonasal approach- technical considerations and clinical series. Neurosurgery 64(3 Suppl):71-82. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU. 0000335162.36862.54, discussion 82-73
17. Kassam AB, Prevedello DM, Thomas A, Gardner P, Mintz A, Snyderman C, Carrau R (2008) Endoscopic endonasal pituitary transposition for a transdorsum sellae approach to the interpeduncular cistern. Neurosurgery 62(3 Suppl 1):57-72. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000317374.30443.23, discussion 72-54
18. Kato T, Sawamura Y, Abe H, Nagashima M (1998) Transsphenoidal- transtuberculum sellae approach for supradiaphragmatic tumours: technical note. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 140(7):715-719
19. Kim J, Choe I, Bak K, Kim C, Kim N, Jang Y (2000) Transsphenoidal supradiaphragmatic intradural approach: technical note. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 43(1):33-37
20. Kouri JG, Chen MY, Watson JC, Oldfield EH (2000) Resection of suprasellar tumors by using a modified transsphenoidal approach. Report of four cases. J Neurosurg 92(6):1028-1035
21. Lu J, Zhu XL (2007) Cranial arachnoid membranes: some aspects of microsurgical anatomy. Clin Anat 20(5):502-511. doi: 10.1002/ca.20448
22. Marinkovic S, Gibo H, Vucevic R, Petrovic P (2001) Anatomy of the cavernous sinus region. J Clin Neurosci 8(Suppl 1):78-81
23. Marinkovic S, Gibo H, Zelic O, Nikodijevic I (1996) The neurovascular relationships and the blood supply of the trochlear nerve: surgical anatomy of its cisternal segment. Neurosurgery 38(1):161-169
24. Martins C, Yasuda A, Campero A, Ulm AJ, Tanriover N, Rhoton A Jr (2005) Microsurgical anatomy of the dural arteries. Neurosurgery 56(2 Suppl):211-251, discussion 211-251
25. Morard M, Tcherekayev V, de Tribolet N (1994) The superior orbital fissure: a microanatomical study. Neurosurgery 35(6):1087-1093
26. Natori Y, Rhoton AL Jr (1994) Transcranial approach to the orbit: microsurgical anatomy. J Neurosurg 81(1):78-86
27. Rhoton AL Jr (2000) The posterior fossa cisterns. Neurosurgery 47(3 Suppl):S287-S297
28. Rhoton AL Jr (2000) Tentorial incisura. Neurosurgery 47(3 Suppl):S131-S153
29. Rhoton AL Jr (2002) The anterior and middle cranial base. Neurosurgery 51(4 Suppl):S273-S302
30. Rhoton AL Jr (2002) The cavernous sinus, the cavernous venous plexus, and the carotid collar. Neurosurgery 51(4 Suppl):S375-S410
31. Rhoton AL Jr (2002) The orbit. Neurosurgery 51(4 Suppl):S303-S334
32. Snyderman CH, Pant H, Carrau RL, Prevedello D, Gardner P, Kassam AB (2009) What are the limits of endoscopic sinus surgery?: the expanded endonasal approach to the skull base. Keio J Med 58(3):152-160
33. Tanriover N, Sanus GZ, Ulu MO, Tanriverdi T, Akar Z, Rubino PA, Rhoton AL Jr (2009) Middle fossa approach: microsurgical anatomy and surgical technique from the neurosurgical perspective. Surg Neurol 71(5):586-596. doi: 10.1016/j.surneu.2008.04.009, discussion 596
34. Tubbs RS, Oakes WJ (1998) Relationships of the cisternal segment of the trochlear nerve. J Neurosurg 89(6):1015-1019. doi: 10.3171/jns.1998.89.6.1015
35. Villain M, Segnarbieux F, Bonnel F, Aubry I, Arnaud B (1993) The trochlear nerve: anatomy by microdissection. Surg Radiol Anat 15(3):169-173
36. Weiss M (1987) The transnasal transsphenoidal approach. In: Apuzzo MLJ (ed) Surgery of the third ventricle. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 476-494
37. Yasuda A, Campero A, Martins C, Rhoton AL Jr, de Oliveira E, Ribas GC (2005) Microsurgical anatomy and approaches to the cavernous sinus. Neurosurgery 56(1 Suppl):4-27, discussion 24-27
38. Yasuda A, Campero A, Martins C, Rhoton AL Jr, de Oliveira E, Ribas GC (2008) Microsurgical anatomy and approaches to the cavernous sinus. Neurosurgery 62(6 Suppl 3):1240-1263. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000333790.90972.59